嗓音检测中元音声样的选择

目的：探讨/a/、/ α／、／i:/、/u:/四元音声样的各噪音频谱参数特点，选择最佳声样用于噪音声学分析。方法：100例正常成年受试者行噪音频谱分析，分别检测／a／、/α:/ 、/i:/、/u:/四元音声样，分析各项声学参数特点并行统计学比较。结果：四元音声样的振幅、基频微扰、噪声能量、谐噪比及各共振峰频率、带宽、强度等均存在统计学差异，其中/i:/音基频微扰、振幅微扰最小而谐噪比最大，/u:/音前二者最大，规度化噪声能量显著高于其他三元音。结论：/a/、/α：/二元音是较为合适的检测声样，/i:/音易受代偿能力影响其检测准确性，/u:/音噪声较大，影响其他声学参数，均不适合作为检测声样。     

896例成人噪音声学参数的计算机采集分析

目的 通过研究获得有关噪音医学的数据标准及各种噪音疾病的特征性客观指标，建立噪音临床检测系统，为临床诊断与治疗提供有效的参考标准和方法。方法 应用Ｄｒ．Ｓｐｅｅｃｈ（ＤＳＳ）软件的先进技术，按卫生部：“语音，语言测试和矫治行业标准”的研究要求，采集，分析上海地区成人５００例正常噪音以及３９６例临床常见噪音疾病的病理性噪音的声学样本。结果 正常人的各噪音声学参数：基频微扰，振幅微扰，声门噪声，频率颤     

频域相对信噪比对正常、病态嗓音声学的分析

通过对36例正常人和30例病态嗓音者的频域相对信噪比进行分析，结果表明：正常女性嗓音的频域相对信噪比呈稳定分布，而病态嗓音的相对信噪比＞1700Hz频段，与正常人比较，有显著差异（P＜0．01）。可以认为频域相对信噪比是区分病态嗓音和正常嗓音的有效参数。     

年龄和性别对临床嗓音分析影响的研究

目的：探讨年龄、性别因素在噪音分析中的影响，比较区分与不区分年龄、性别在成年噪音检测中对噪音评价结果的差异。方法：使用美国泰亿格电子（上海）有限公司的Dr.Speech(4.0版）噪音测试软件系统，利用系统默认的正常参考标准（A标准，不分年龄、性别）与我们早期的研究成果（B标准，区别年龄、性别）分别对558例声带疾病患者进行噪音评估，并对评估结果分析比较。结果：两标准对噪音的评估程度不同，其差异具有一致性（P≤0.001),并且与使用两种不同标准有中等程度的相关（0．4≤κ≤0．8）；使用B标准后，总体使噪音评估程度在男性改变为35．52％，女性为63．21％，并且改变率的大小各组并不一致：女性比男性的改变率大，女性中年组变化最大，男性中老年组变化最大；B标准比A标准总的噪音评估检出率提高了20．52％。结论：年龄、性别对临床噪音客观分析有较大的影响，区分年龄、性别进行噪音分析精确、细致；提倡使用B标准作为噪音分析评估的参考值。     

小波变换理论与听觉信号处理

小波变换是一种新的信号分析理论，本简要介绍了小波理论的发展史及基本理论，综述分析了小波变换在听觉信号处理，特别是在耳声发射和听觉诱发电位信号分析方面的应用，展望了小波变换理论在听觉信号分析中的应用前景。     

豚鼠听觉脑干电反应信号小波变换分析

目的：将小波变换这种时频域信号分析方法用于豚鼠听觉脑干电位分析,以了解小波变换是否适用于ＡＢＲ信号分析,较之传统法有否优越之处。方法 雄性纯白豚鼠３０只分成正常,传导性聋,感音性聋三组,每组１０只,要集各组７５ｄＢｎＨＬ短声诱发的ＡＢＲ,用小波处理软件进行变换,将变换前后信号的时域值作配对统计处理,结果 小波２尺度变换使原信号失真,４尺度变换增加原信号的背景噪声,３尺度变换可保持原信号的时域特征,     

男性噪音音调异常的手术矫治—附8例报告

目的：观察男性噪音音调异常的手术治疗方法和效果。方法：对甲状软骨成形术Ⅲ型进行改进，治疗8例男性噪音音调异常患者，随访3年观察其疗效。结果：8例患者手术矫治后噪音均变为正常男性噪音，随访3年发音稳定。结果：论用改良Ⅲ型甲状软骨成形术矫治男性噪音音调异常疗效肯定，手术易掌握，对甲状软骨损伤小，有推广应用价值。     

嗓音频谱分析中／a／,／i／音采样的比较

应用486微型计算机和北京邮电大学通用信号谱分析系统分别对30例青年女性喉病患者和36例健康对照组的/a/、/i/音嗓音信号进行频谱分析,比较其相对信噪比,结论是在频谱分析中用/a/音采样较/i/音更易检出病态嗓音.     

频域相对信噪比正常,病态嗓音声学的分析

通过对３６例正常人和３０例病态嗓音者的频域相对信噪比进行分析，结果表明，正常女性嗓音的频域相对信噪比呈稳定分布，而病态嗓音的相对信噪比，１７００Ｈｚ频段，与正常人比较，有显著差异，可以认为频域相对信噪比及区分病态嗓音和正常嗓音的有效参数。     

听性脑干反应信号小波变换分析及意义

将小波变换这种时频域信号分析方法用于人类听性脑干反应（ＡＢＲ）分析，以了解小波变换在人类ＡＢＲ信号分析中的应用价值。研究对象分为两组，正常组１４例（２８耳），感音性聋组１７例（２７耳），分别采集７５ｄＢｎＨＬ短声诱发的ＡＢＲ，用小波处理软件进行变换，将变换前后信号的时域值作配对统计处理。所得结果与豚鼠ＡＢＲ分析相似。小波变换用于人类ＡＢＲ的分析以３尺度变换最为合适，经过这种变换原信号的时域特征保持     

嗓音声学分析和电声门图的比较研究

目的比较嗓音声学分析和电声门图在嗓音障碍客观评估中的意义。方法声样采自153例嗓音障碍患者和80名嗓音正常者。客观检测采用Dr．Speech for Windows嗓音评估软件，在长元音／α：／上检测下列参数：基频(Fo)、基频微扰(jitter)、振幅微扰(shimlner)、基频标准差(FoSD)、基频震颤、振幅震颤、最大基频、最小基频、标准化噪声能量(NNE)、谐噪比(HNR)和信噪比(SNR)。主观听感知评估参数采用日本言语语音学会声音嘶哑评估GRBAS系统中的总嘶哑度，4级评估标准。结果除基频震颤和振幅震颤外，声学分析的基频微扰、振幅微扰、基频标准差、标准化噪声能量、谐噪比和信噪比的可靠性和敏感性高于电声门图。两种测试方法的基频、最大基频和最小基频基本一致。结论嗓音障碍的客观评估应选择声学分析参数。     

嗓音的客观多参数分析与主观听觉分析相关性的研究

目的 探讨嗓音的客观多参数检测与主观听觉评估的相关性,建立嗓音客观多参数评估模式,实现嗓音评估的客观化、数据化。方法 声音样本采自135例声音嘶哑患者和29例嗓音正常者。客观检测采用法国开发的“EVA”嗓音工作站,测试对象发长元音／a：／时,检测下列参数：基频(F0)、音强(intensity)、基频微扰(jitter)、信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)、Lyapunov系数、口腔气流量(oral airflow,OAF)、音域(range)及最大发声时间(maximum phonalory time,MPT);发／pa/音时,检测声门下压(estimated subglottic pressure,ESGP)。主观听觉评估采用日本言语语音学会声音嘶哑评估GRBAS系统中的总嘶哑度(grade,G)4级评估标准。所有受试者以自然的音调及音强读一段统一的标准文字,听评委由4名嗓音学家组成。结果 应用判别分析方法,建立了7参数客观评估模式(音域、Lya-punov系数、声门下压、最大发声时间、口腔气流量、信噪比和基频)。客观评估结果与主观评估结果的一致性达到84％。结论 嗓音的客观检测是多参数的,客观评估能够反映出主观听觉印象。     

喉全切除后食管音助发声器发音的客观声学分析

目的通过客观声学分析了解喉全切除术后食管音助发声器发音的发音质量。方法应用上海泰亿格公司的Dr.speed嗓音声学分析软件对7例食管音助发声器发音的患者(食管音助发声器发音组)及5例气管食管音患者(气管食管音组)的基频、基频微扰、振幅微扰、谐噪比、声强及最大发声时间进行检测,并与12名正常男性(对照组)进行比较。结果食管音助发声器发音组、气管食管音组的基频、基频微扰、振幅微扰、谐噪比,最大发声时间与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),三组间声强比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),食管音助发声器发音组最大发声时间比气管食管音组长(P<0.05),其余指标与气管食管音组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论食管音助发声器发音的声音的声强可达77.40 dB、最大发声时间可达10.77秒,基本能够满足日常交流的需要。     

成人女性嗓音障碍的客观多参数分析

目的：探讨嗓音客观多参数分析与主观听感知评估的相关性，建立嗓音客观多参数评估模型，实现嗓音评估的客观化和数据化。方法：声音样本采自83例嗓音障碍患者和40例嗓音正常者，全部受试者均为女性。客观检测采用Dr．Speech Science for Windows嗓音评估软件，在长元音/α：/上测试下列参数：基频、基频微扰(jitter)、振幅微扰(shimmer)、基频标准差、基频震颤、振幅震颤、标准化噪声能量(NNE)、谐噪比(HNR)、信噪比和最大发声时间(MPT)。主观听感知评估参数采用日本言语音声学会声音嘶哑评估GRBAS系统中的总嘶哑度，4级评估标准。结果：应用逐步判别分析方法，建立了5个参数(MPT、jitter、NNE、HNR和shimmer)的嗓音客观评估模型。客观评估结果与主观评估结果的一致性达到79．8％。结论：嗓音的客观评估是多参数的；嗓音的客观多参数评估模型与主观听感知结果有较好的一致性。     

To study voice quality before and after thyroplasty type 1 in patients with symptomatic unilateral vocal cord paralysis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate voice quality before and after thyroplasty type 1 in patients with symptomatic unilateral vocal cord paralysis. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive cases of unilateral symptomatic vocal cord paralysis of a known or idiopathic etiology with the duration of 6 months who have failed conventional speech therapy. The voice quality was assessed by perceptual evaluation, acoustic measures, and aerodynamic measures. The position of the cord was assessed by using fiberoptic laryngoscope. The procedure was done under local anesthesia. RESULTS: Among 15 patients, on the first postoperative day, 7 patients were changed to moderate dysphonia and 8 patients had a near-normal voice. On the 30th postoperative day, 3 patients had persistent moderate dysphonia, nine patients had near-normal voice, and 3 patients had normal voice. CONCLUSION: Thyroplasty type 1 successfully reduces glottic gap and improves voice quality in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Improved maximum phonation time, signal-to-noise ratio, shimmer, jitter, fundamental frequency, and intensity of voice appear to be directly related to medialization of the paralyzed vocal cord.     

Quantitative spectral evaluation of shimmer and jitter

A vowel [a]-like, synthesized speech wave was perturbated by defined and comparable jitter and shimmer levels. The signal-to-noise ratio was calculated from the speech wave spectra. Noise emerges in those spectral regions in which the harmonics have high amplitudes, that is, at low frequencies and in the formant regions. Jitter created noise levels significantly higher than shimmer. To verify the theoretical findings, the voices of 32 women with functional voice disorders were analyzed for shimmer and jitter. It was found that only jitter is relevant for differentiating between hypo- and hyperfunctional voice disorders. Jitter was reduced in hyperfunctional voice disorder. This is presumed to be an effect of the high vocal fold tension found in the disorder.     

瞬态诱发耳声发射频域分析的临床意义

目的：确定瞬态诱发耳声发射（ＴＥＯＡＥ）频域分析的应用价值。方法：对正常耳，噪声暴露耳，梅尼埃病耳，中耳病变耳及对侧抑制耳，进行ＴＥＯＡＥ频域测试。结果（１）噪声暴露耳，一些频率带的频信噪比降低，主频出现移动变化；（２）梅尼埃病一些甘油摄入后，频带信噪比增高，未引出ＴＥＯＡＥ的部分耳出现ＴＥＯＡＥ，主频也有移动变化；（３）中耳病变耳，不同的鼓室病变耳的频带信噪比降低，程度各异，其变化与声导纳改变有     

Long-term therapy for spasmodic dysphonia: acoustic and aerodynamic outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term aerodynamic, acoustic, and electromyographic effects of serial botulinum toxin (BT) injections in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia. DESIGN: Two-year, nonrandomized, controlled, before-after study. SETTING: Ambulatory care clinic at a single academic medical center. PATIENTS: A convenience sample of 91 patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia evaluated and treated during 2 years and 64 age- and sex-matched controls. INTERVENTIONS: Injections of BT into the thyroarytenoid muscles in conjunction with electromyographic evaluation and acoustic and aerodynamic evaluation before and after serial BT injections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Translaryngeal airflow, jitter, shimmer, signal-to-noise ratio, fundamental frequency, standard deviation of fundamental frequency, maximum phonation time, and inappropriate muscle activity by electromyography. RESULTS: Translaryngeal airflow, jitter, and shimmer improved significantly after serial BT treatments and showed sustained improvement over time. Fundamental frequency, standard deviation of fundamental frequency, and signal-to-noise ratio did not change significantly after BT treatment. Electromyographic data suggested decreased inappropriate muscle activity with repeated BT injections. CONCLUSION: Treatment with BT provides ongoing relief of voice perturbations in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia who undergo long-term cumulative therapy.     

High-speed imaging used to detect vocal fold paresis: a case report

High-speed imaging has been used to study vocal fold vibration and has been shown to provide additional information in aid of our understanding of pathologic vocal fold vibration. This is the first case report of vocal fold paresis diagnosed by high-speed imaging. An 18-year-old girl presented with intermittent voice loss that had been present for 4 years. The patient had been seen by other otolaryngologists and had been given proton pump inhibitors without any improvement in her voice. Her voice was diplophonic. The patient was examined by rigid stroboscopy and was found to have a predominantly open phase pattern but a normal vibratory pattern. High-speed photography showed a distinct vibratory frequency for each vocal fold, suggestive of a paresis pattern. Laryngeal electromyography confirmed the diagnosis of vocal fold paresis. A computed tomographic scan of the larynx and chest showed a thymoma. After thymectomy, the patient recovered full voice function. High-speed imaging is useful for the clinical evaluation of pathologic vocal fold vibration and can detect subtle features of paralysis that may not be detected on fiberoptic endoscopy and rigid stroboscopy. The additional information from high-speed imaging helped to make the diagnosis of vocal fold paresis in this patient.     

Time-frequency analysis of click-evoked otoacoustic emissions by means of a minimum variance spectral estimation-based method

This paper proposes a new minimum variance spectral estimation (MVSE)-based time–frequency analysis (TFA) technique for click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs). The MVSE is a popular spectrum analysis method which can yield a high frequency resolution compared to other nonparametric spectral analysis procedures. The conventional MVSE is extended to a TFA method by windowing the observation data to obtain a time–frequency representation for the signal under study. Inspired by the adaptive window selection process in wavelet transform and based on the time–frequency characteristics of CEOAEs, the window size of the windowed MVSE (WMVSE) is given a small value at high frequencies and a large value at low frequencies. The adaptive window size selection yields the proposed frequency-dependent WMVSE (FDWMVSE). The FDWMVSE method integrates the advantages of the adaptive window selection in wavelet transform with the fine frequency resolution of MVSE. Experimental results show that the FDWMVSE can achieve satisfactory time–frequency resolution and reveal meaningful time–frequency features when applied to synthesized and real CEOAEs.