井水中苯胺的快速检测方法

苯胺易经无损的皮肤吸收 ,它的主要毒作用是能形成血红蛋白、溶血等。水中苯胺的测定 ,可作为环境污染的指标之一。生活饮用水中苯胺的测定有气相色谱法[1] ,该法仪器较贵 ,不便推广。分光光度法[2 ] ,该法较繁琐 ,且耗时较长。本文参考分光光度法[2 ] 测定井水中的苯胺 ,方法简便 ,容易推广应用 ,灵敏度、线性范围等均符合相关要求。我们对 2 0 0 3年 12月 30日因翻车导致的 5 .3吨苯胺泄漏进行了 15次 382份井水的检测 ,最高的一口水井苯胺含量为 2 .32× 10 4mg/L ,现报道如下 :1　材料与方法1.1　仪器与试剂1.1.1　 72 2分光光度计。1.…     

基于多波段连续监测的济南市含碳气溶胶来源解析

目的 通过光学技术监测多个波段的含碳气溶胶浓度,讨论含碳气溶胶的污染来源.方法 2019年12月16—18日,采用微型多波段气溶胶监测仪器在山东省济南市连续监测含碳气溶胶的质量浓度.结果 12月16日早上9时至12月17日早上4时,吸收指数(AAE,α)从大于1.5平缓下降至1左右,表明此监测时段主要的气溶胶来源从生物...     

一起不应该发生的水井污染

地处海防的某部农场水井,经过多年监测,除细菌总数稍超过标准外,水质的其他项目均在正常范围之内。但发生了一起严重的污染。一、污染经过 2月份,水井周围20米以内的草地被开垦种菜,施肥用的是未经过处理的人粪尿。3月份,菜地的西北角上,建了一个小便处,便池是用半边破缸做成。5月份菜地的西南角上,建了一个新厕所,系1格粪池而且露天。于是,从7月29日起,发现水井有一股极难闻的腐败     

急性苯胺中毒致心律失常1例报告

急性苯胺中毒致心律失常１例报告钟清患者,女,３２岁,某化学试剂厂操作工。１９９１年１２月２日将苯胺从大桶分装在５００ｍｌ小瓶内,连续工作７小时,班后４小时患者感头晕、头痛、恶心、呕吐、心慌,且伴有明显口唇、手指发绀,就诊于某医院,诊断为急性苯胺中毒。...     

房山区农村自备井生活饮用水细菌学调查分析

为了解房山区农村自备井生活饮用水细菌学现状，针对不合格水井进行因素分析，提供农村改水技术支持，达到饮用安全健康生活饮用水目的。2004年12月10日至2005年2月28日对房山区农村自备井水质进行了细菌学现状调查。     

广州市某镇水井井内空气的现状调查

2001年5月2日,广州市某镇发生一起7人落入农用井意外死亡事件,我们接报后,迅速组织人员赶赴现场进行调查,在事故井内5.5 m深处所监测的结果,CO2含量为1.12%,CO含量为0.001 36%,氧含量为20.4%,H2S和甲烷未检出.但现场已被消防队员用发电机吹风破坏.结果不能反映当时实际情况.为了解当地井中的空气状况,以查明事故原因,防止类似事故发生,在事发的第二天,再次对事故井及附近类似农用井、工业区内工业生活混合用水井、居民区内生活用水井中空气状况进行调查监测分析.     

托克托县农村改水项目饮水含氟监测报告

本文报道托克托县农村改水项目８９眼水井饮水氟含量改水前、改水后的动态监测。饮水氟含量在改水时以下降为主,１９９８年均呈上升趋势;饮水氟超过农村饮水三级标准（１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）的水井有１３眼（１４．６１％）;高氟分布在特定地理范围。农村改水时要选好水源,并做好改水水质监测。     

米饭及水的苯胺测定

苯胺是一种有机化工产品，用作染料中间体，它的毒性很大；近年来，由于化工行业的不断发展，其污染也大大增加。2005年12月，我市发生一起因用苯胺的桶舀水淘米做饭而中毒的事件。目前对苯胺的检测方法只有水和空气，没有固体样品的检测方法，因为事情紧急，我们就参照水的测定方法测定了米饭和水中的苯胺，结果米饭中有高达53．0mg／kg的苯胺，     

受电镀废水污染的井水六价铬含量的变化

芦溪镇某无线电厂位于镇中居民区,含铬的电镀废水未经处理直接排入厂区渗水坑内。1983年3月,距厂区20米左右的农业银行家属发现井水黄绿色,经检验,Cr~(6+)高达5.0mg/L;11月16日,距厂区45米左右的邮电所水井也检出Cr~(6+)。在当地政府干预下,1984年7月该厂电镀车间停产。 1984～1987年间用二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法对厂区周围200米范围内的14口水井进行定期监测(附表)。     

一起打井急性硫化氢中毒死亡事故的调查

20 0 2年 6月 9日上海市闵行区某镇一小厂 ,在新开挖水井时发生 2人窒息于 5ｍ井下 ,后经抢救无效死亡。另 1人在抢救井下人时中毒昏迷 ,经现场抢救苏醒。1　事故发生过程该厂为缓解用水紧张问题 ,自行开挖水井。从 2 0 0 2年 5月2 0日开工 ,每天 2～ 3人手工操作挖井。井直径     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.