伴有急性阑尾炎的近端结肠癌的临床分析

我院于1980年1月至2005年12月共收治右半结肠癌并存急性阑尾炎病人21例，现报道如下。     

结肠癌的诊治：结肠镜诊断结肠癌

结肠癌的诊治结肠镜诊断结肠癌第一军医大学南方医院（广州，５１０５１５）周殿元通过纤维结肠镜及电子结肠镜可直接观察肠腔病变；对可疑病变行粘膜染色，借助导入的激光，观察诱发的荧光；对靶组织进行活检及细胞学检查；甚至用超声结肠镜检查，不仅能检出结肠癌，而且...     

215例结肠癌临床分析

结肠癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,随着人们生活水平的提高,结肠癌的发病率呈逐年递增的趋势.如何早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗,如何采取积极有效的治疗措施以降低其死亡率,正成为各级医院肿瘤工作者所面临的重要课题.分析结肠癌的临床特点有利于及时发现结肠癌.我们1996年1月至2006年12月共收治结肠癌患者215例,现对其诊治情况作临床回顾性分析.     

提高结肠癌的诊治水平

提高结肠癌的诊治水平上海第二医科大学附属瑞金医院（２０００２５）郁宝铭近年来，我国大肠癌的发病率呈不断上升趋势。尤其在一些发展较快的城市和地区，例如上海市，大肠癌的发病率已由常见恶性肿瘤的第四位上升为第三位。大肠癌包括结肠癌与直肠癌两部分。以往大肠癌...     

不断推进中国结肠癌外科临床诊治规范化

经过近30年的实践,我国结肠癌外科治疗尤其是腹腔镜结肠癌手术已经趋于成熟,但其5年生存率仍低于西方,这与我国结肠癌早期检出率低,以及结肠癌的外科诊疗不够规范有关。各级医院临床医师技术水平参差不齐,并且对结肠癌外科治疗规范的掌握程度不一,这也在一定程度上限制了中国结肠癌诊疗水平的发展。因此应提高早期诊断率、规范术前分期及外科手术方式、加强培训及科学研究,这对于不断提高我国结肠癌外科诊疗规范化至关重要。     

结肠癌与阑尾炎

对结肠癌与急性阑尾炎并存和误诊问题进行讨论。     

136例右半结肠癌误诊原因分析

１３６例右半结肠癌误诊原因分析上海市第八人民医院（２００２３３）曹钟华，顾铁民近年来，我国大肠癌发生部位有上移的趋势，结肠癌略超过直肠癌，右半结肠与左半结肠癌发生率渐趋均等，右半结肠癌约占大肠癌的１／４．收集１９６９～１９９０年我院外科经治的１３６例...     

腹腔镜结肠癌根治术的临床疗效评估

目的评价腹腔镜结肠癌根治术的临床疗效。方法对2000年1月到2004年1月间于浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院进行腹腔镜与传统开腹结肠癌根治术病例共102例,作同期非随机对照研究。其中,腹腔镜结肠癌根治术(腹腔镜组)47例,常规开腹结肠癌根治术(开腹组)55例。比较两组病例术中和术后情况、病理分期及随访结果。结果2组病例在年龄、性别和手术方式方面差异均无统计学意义。腹腔镜组平均手术时间长于开腹组[分别为(182±62)min和(141±37)min],而其术后住院时间明显缩短[分别为(5.3±1.9)d和(8.2±1.2)d]。两组切缘均为阴性,淋巴结清扫数和Dukes分期差异无统计学意义。随访12～48个月(平均21个月),两组均未发现切口转移,两组局部复发和远处转移差异也无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜结肠癌根治术具有切口小、创伤轻、恢复快的优点;而在根治彻底性、复发率与生存率方面与传统开腹手术无明显差异。     

腹腔镜辅助结肠癌根治术32例报告

自1991年Jcobs用腹腔镜行结肠癌根治术以来。该技术得到不断发展。使腹腔镜辅助结肠癌根治术（laparoscopie assisted colectomy LAC）成为治疗结肠癌的主要手段之一，但LAC的安全性和疗效一直存在争议。本文总结我院开展LAC的初步经验，旨在探讨LAC的可行性和临床疗效。     

Advanced proximal colon cancer

BACKGROUND: Two recent studies have documented that sigmoidoscopy as a screening tool for colorectal cancers may miss advanced proximal colonic neoplasms. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of distal synchronous lesions in patients with proximal colon cancer. We sought to determine if screening sigmoidoscopy would have missed these proximal colon cancers. METHODS: Data were collected on all patients (n = 305) diagnosed with colorectal cancer over a 6-year period. Patients were stratified by age, sex, tumor location, presenting complaint, AJCC stage, and TNM classification. The colonoscopy results of patients diagnosed with proximal colon cancer were analyzed to determine the incidence of synchronous distal colon lesions. RESULTS: Proximal colon cancer was diagnosed in 88 patients (29%). Of those studied, 45 (54%) did not have synchronous distal lesions detected by colonoscopy. The patients with proximal colon cancer were elderly (mean age 67), had advanced tumor size [59 patients (67%) T3/T4], and had advanced AJCC stages [37 patients (42%) stage III/IV]. Nearly all patients [84 (95%)] with proximal colon cancer were symptomatic. CONCLUSION: In this study, the majority of patients with proximal colon cancer did not have a synchronous lesion in the distal colon. Current screening methods for colon cancer based on sigmoidoscopy would not have identified these proximal lesions. These findings support the incorporation of screening colonoscopy in protocols designed to identify early colon cancer.     

早期胃上部癌腹腔镜近端胃切除术实践与思考

正随着中国城镇化的发展及人民生活水平的提升,早期胃癌的检出率将会提高。我们的邻国日本早期胃癌的检出率达51%以上,韩国早期胃癌的检出率也在升高,并且早期胃上部癌检出率也呈上升趋势[1-2]。目前,我国虽然仍是进展期胃癌大国,但是东南沿海中心城市的早期胃癌检出比率呈现逐年上升趋势,早期胃上部癌及食管胃结合部癌亦呈上升趋势,近端胃切除术(proximal gastrectomy,PG)作为保全功能胃切除术(function-preserving gastrectomy,FPG)之一将有望逐渐被接受,     

Acute gangrenous colitis proximal to obstructive cancer of the sigmoid colon

Two cases of massive gangrenous inflammation of the colon proximal to obstructive carcinomatous lesions, the so-called obstructive colitis, are reported. Because, of the rarity of this condition, the etiological factors responsible for this entity are not yet clear. The detailed pathological and microbiological studies at the time of operation are essential to their further clarification.     

Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer

The incidence of proximal early gastric cancer (EGC) is increasing, and while laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) has been performed as a surgical option, it is not yet the standard treatment, because there is no established common reconstruction method following proximal gastrectomy (PG). We reviewed the English-language literature to clarify the current status and problems associated with LPG in treating proximal EGC. This procedure is considered indicated for EGC located in the upper third of the stomach with clinical T1N0, but not when it can be treated endoscopically. No operative mortality or conversion to open surgery was reported in our review, suggesting that this procedure is technically feasible. The most frequent postoperative complication involved problems with anastomoses, possibly caused by the technical complexity of the reconstruction. Although various reconstruction methods following open PG (OPG) and LPG have been reported, there is no standard reconstruction method. Well-designed multicenter, randomized, controlled, prospective trials to evaluate the various reconstruction methods are necessary.     

Acute gangrenous colitis proximal to obstructive cancer of the sigmoid colon.

Two cases of massive gangrenous inflammation of the colon proximal to obstructive carcinomatous lesions, the so-called obstructive colitis, are reported. Because of the rarity of this condition, the etiological factors responsible for this entity are not yet clear. The detailed pathological and microbiological studies at the time of operation are essential to their further clarification.     

Laparoscopic bowel resection for early colon cancer

Following the successful introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, many reports confirming the feasibility of using laparoscopy for bowel resection and predicting that it would be advantageous in terms of its minimal invasiveness have been published. In the context of cancer treatment, however, the feasibility of lymphadenectomy, the risk of recurrence, and survival have emerged as major concerns. Even though mucosal cancer (Tis) can be treated by endoscopic resection (ER), when this is not possible open surgery (OS) must be performed. In patients with T1 cancer, tumors showing slight submucosal layer invasion (sm 1) can be treated in the same way as Tis (in cancer) cancers. But 5% to 10% of patients with T1 cancer have massive submucosal layer invasion (sm 2-3) with paracolic lymph node metastasis. At least partial bowel resection with paracolic lymphadenectomy is considered necessary for T1 (sm 2-3) cancers in principle. In summary, laparoscopic local excision of Tis cancers that are endoscopically unresectable and laparoscopically assisted partial resection with paracolic lymphadenectomy for T1 cancers have become accepted because local excision and partial resection with paracolic lymphnedectomy are fairly simple to perform laparoscopically. Therefore as a strategy for the treatment of early colorectal cancer (CRC), minimally invasive laparoscopic bowel resection (LBR) has been positioned between endoscopic resection (ER) and open surgery (OS). While the difficulty of performing radical lymphadenectomy is considered one of the greatest obstacles to the introduction of laparoscopic bowel resection (LBR) for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), early colon cancer is a good indication for laparoscopic bowel resection.     

A retrospective and prospective study of serial CEA determinations in the early detection of recurrent colon cancer.

The results of the present study emphasize the importance of minimizing the time delay between a significant elevation in CEA and a second-look operation. Equally important are the frequency of serial determinations, a thorough understanding of the limitations of the assay, and careful evaluation of the clinical condition of the patient.     

The difficult choice between total and proximal gastrectomy in proximal early gastric cancer

Background

Surgical results including postoperative complications, prognoses, body weight changes, and nutritional statuses were compared in patients with early gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach who were treated by total gastrectomy or proximal gastrectomy.

Methods

The authors reviewed clinicopathologic features, postoperative complications, survivals, body weight changes, and biochemical markers after surgery in 423 patients who underwent total or proximal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach.

Results

The proximal gastrectomy group (n = 89) had smaller tumors, shorter resection margins, and smaller numbers of retrieved lymph nodes than the total gastrectomy group (n = 334). N stages and 5-year survival rates were similar after total and proximal gastrectomy. Postoperative complication rates after total gastrectomy and proximal gastrectomy were 12.6% and 61.8%, respectively, which was significant (P < .001). Rates of anastomotic stenosis and reflux esophagitis were 6.9% and 1.8% after total gastrectomy and 38.2% and 29.2% after proximal gastrectomy, respectively. The parameters that reflect nutritional status (ie, body weight, serum hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, glucose, and cholesterol) were similar in the proximal and total gastrectomy groups at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

Although the surgical safeties and curabilities of proximal and total gastrectomy were similar, proximal gastrectomy was found to be associated with a markedly higher rate of complications such as anastomotic stenosis and reflux esophagitis and to provide no benefit in terms of postoperative weight loss. The authors conclude that proximal gastrectomy is not a better option for upper-third early gastric cancer than total gastrectomy.     

Different incidence of synchronous liver metastasis between proximal and distal colon cancer

Purpose  

The clinicopathological features of colon cancer differ between proximal and distal sites; however, the influence of tumor location on liver metastasis has not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the features of liver metastasis between proximal and distal colon cancer.