鼓膜修补术后中耳炎复发原因分析

目的分析中耳炎患者鼓膜修补术后复发的原因。方法 2007～2010年49例显微镜下鼓膜修补术后中耳炎复发患者,经超过1个月药物治疗无效后,行耳内镜下探查术,总结术后复发原因。结果 49例中,5例咽鼓管鼓口阻塞,24例存在鼓峡部阻塞伴完全性张肌皱襞,14例存在鼓峡部阻塞伴上鼓室垂直粘连带,8例存在上鼓室粘膜上皮化封闭鼓峡,9例鼓窦入口狭窄,12例面神经隐窝及鼓室窦未完全开放,8例乳突气房未完全开放;49例中单一部位阻塞者19例,有2处及以上部位阻塞者30例。耳内镜下确认并解除中耳通气阻塞部位,术后随访1年,干耳率98%。结论中耳炎行鼓膜修补术后复发与中耳腔的气流通道阻塞有关,术中应畅通中耳通气引流,提高手术成功率。     

慢性中耳炎咽鼓管鼓室口病变对咽鼓管功能的影响

目的 :探讨慢性中耳炎咽鼓管鼓室口病变与咽鼓管功能障碍的关系。方法 :用鼓室镜及咽鼓管功能检查仪对 4 4例 (45耳 )慢性中耳炎患者 ,进行术前咽鼓管鼓室口观察和咽鼓管功能检查 ,并对检查结果进行对比分析。结果 :4 5耳慢性中耳炎中 ,咽鼓管鼓室口正常 17耳 ,骨刺增生、黏膜肿胀等轻度病变者 18耳 ,黏膜肿胀或肉芽增生致管腔明显狭窄的重度病变有 10耳 ,其中 9耳咽鼓管功能呈阻塞型改变。结论 :咽鼓管鼓室口及骨部的骨刺增生、黏膜肿胀、肉芽形成是慢性中耳炎的常见病变 ,鼓室口及骨部的阻塞是导致慢性中耳炎咽鼓管阻塞的原因。     

耳内镜在耳病诊断中的应用

目的探讨耳内镜在耳病诊断中的意义。方法对4000例(4891耳)外耳道及中耳疾病患者应用耳内镜检查,根据镜下所见特征结合临床表现作出临床诊断。结果耳内镜检查外耳道疾病10种,其中急性弥漫性外耳道炎993例(1312耳),外耳道疖肿221例(253耳),外耳道湿疹103例(130耳),外耳道异物103例(103耳),外耳道真菌病37例(37耳),外耳道胆脂瘤24例(24耳),其他(耵聍栓塞、肉芽肿、乳头状瘤、骨瘤)82例(101耳);中耳疾病10种,其中急性鼓膜炎1258例(1556耳),慢性化脓性中耳炎413例(456耳),急性非化脓性中耳炎239例(283耳),慢性非化脓性中耳炎108例(131耳),外伤性鼓膜穿孔165例(196耳),急性化脓性中耳炎101例(127耳),大疱性鼓膜炎101例(104耳),其他(气压性中耳炎、乳突根治术后、颈静脉球体瘤)52例(78耳)。结论耳内镜检查具有图象清晰、操作简便、省时省力、收费低廉等优点,有助于耳病的诊断。     

儿童分泌性中耳炎听力学检测及综合治疗

目的探讨儿童分泌性中耳炎的听力学检测方法及综合治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年1月～2010年12月我科收治的208例(328耳)儿童分泌性中耳炎临床病例资料,根据病因分为保守治疗130例(215耳)和手术治疗78例(113耳)。结果治疗后随访半年,其中治愈或好转201例(318耳),总有效率96.95%,无效7例(10耳)。结论儿童分泌性中耳炎临近病灶的影响因素较多,综合系统检查,根据检查结果采用相应治疗,可减少反复发作及后遗症的产生。     

上鼓室内陷袋中耳通气功能的分析

目的探讨上鼓室内陷袋和中耳通气功能之间的关系。方法对101人128耳内陷袋患者在耳内镜下检查并行TOS分级,行声导抗检查,记录鼓室图情况。其中25耳内陷袋患者行颞骨高分辨CT检查,并行手术治疗。结果 (1)声阻抗结果:128耳内陷袋中,B型鼓室图86耳(67.2%),C型:38耳(29.6%),As型2耳(1.6%),A型2耳(1.6%),有分泌性中耳炎病史共111耳,占86.7%,I级、II级、III级、IV级间的B型和C型鼓室导抗图发生率差异无统计学意义。(2)CT检查结果:内陷袋组气化良好率和气化不良率为4%、96%,其乳突气房平均容积为0.706cm3±1.708cm3;和对照组比较差异有统计学意义。(3)手术中证实25例患者上鼓室均有软组织堵塞引流不畅,和CT表现相符率达92%。结论中耳通气不畅和持续负压状态是内陷袋形成的主要原因,内陷袋的形成和咽鼓管功能不良、乳突气化差、分泌性中耳炎多个因素有关,需早期积极恢复咽鼓管功能和治疗分泌性中耳炎,早期改善中耳通气功能防止内陷袋的进展。     

耳内窥镜在中耳疾病诊治中的应用

目的 耳内窥镜在中耳疾病诊治中的作用。方法 使用内窥镜系统对300例(340耳)耳病患者进行了诊治,并对其中57例(68耳)分泌性中耳炎进行了穿刺抽液注药或置管治疗,42例(50耳)慢性化脓性中耳炎进行了吸脓、去肉芽及胆脂瘤治疗,15例(17耳)胆脂瘤中耳炎术后清理术腔病变,以及21例(21耳)干性鼓膜穿孔进行了鼓膜修补术。结果 发现内窥镜的应用使中耳疾病的诊断率从常规检查的93.5％提高到100％,内窥镜下对分泌性中耳炎、慢性化脓性中耳炎、胆脂瘤中耳炎术后复发及干性穿孔的鼓膜修补治愈率分别为75％、88％、100％及95.2％。结论 耳内窥镜具有图像清晰、操作简便、不同视角、损伤小等优点,有利中耳疾病的诊治,应积极推广。     

鼻咽癌放疗后咽鼓管功能障碍的几种类型

目的：了解鼻咽癌放疗后咽鼓管功能障碍的类型及其影响。方法：对32例(50耳)鼻咽癌放疗后有咽鼓管功能障碍的患者进行常规检查、听力计检查、鼓室导抗图法检查、咽鼓管一鼓室气流动态法(TTAG)检查、咽鼓管音响法检查和内镜检查咽鼓管咽口。结果：咽鼓管异常开放2例(4耳)，患者症状较轻。咽鼓管粘连5例(7耳)，咽鼓管完全阻塞17例(27耳)，咽鼓管不全阻塞8例(12耳)，后三者症状相似，主要导致分泌性中耳炎。结论：鼻咽癌放疗后可导致不同类型的咽鼓管功能障碍，对耳功能产生损害，对其了解将有助于针对性治疗方法的确定。     

鼓室注射治疗分泌性中耳炎

本文应用回顾性分析方法讨论分泌性中耳炎鼓室注射的临床治疗效果。1资料与方法1.1临床资料。以2002年8月～2005年8月93例(129耳)反复发作的分泌性中耳炎患者作为研究对象,所有患者临床资料完整。入选标准:①不同程度耳闷,耳阻塞感,听力下     

桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊联合鼓膜置管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎

目的 比较桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊联合鼓膜置管与单纯鼓膜置管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法 将60例(72耳)慢性分泌性中耳炎患者随机分成实验组30例(38耳)和对照组30例(34耳)。对照组给予患者耳内镜下鼓膜置管,实验组在对照组的基础上联合应用口服桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊,随访6个月,比较两组的疗效。结果 实验组治愈21例(26耳),好转6例(8耳),无效3例(4耳),总有效率34/38;对照组治愈16例(16耳),好转7例(8耳),无效7例(10耳),总有效率24/34,实验组疗效优于对照组(P=0.043)。结论 桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊联合鼓膜置管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎,疗效明显优于单纯鼓膜置管,患者治愈率提高。     

以耳后瘘管为首发症状的先天性胆脂瘤中耳炎临床特征分析

目的探讨以耳后瘘管为首发症状的先天性胆脂瘤中耳炎的临床特征。方法对10例以耳后瘘管为首发症状的先天性胆脂瘤中耳炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 10例患者发病前均无中耳炎病史,鼓膜完整,表现为耳后乳突区皮肤红肿破溃伴有瘘道,听力检查为传导性聋或混合性聋;X线及CT检查示中耳乳突炎。均在全麻下行耳后切口开放式乳突根治术,耳后瘘管梭形切除修补及耳甲腔成形术。术中发现胆脂瘤病变主要发生在乳突、鼓窦和鼓室,乳突、筛区和外耳道后壁部分骨质破坏;上鼓室胆脂瘤肉芽3例,面神经垂直段暴露2例,砧骨长突破坏缺失2例,听小骨缺失仅残留镫骨底板1例,乙状窦骨板破坏1例,鼓窦天盖骨质破坏1例。术后所有病例耳后切口I期愈合,瘘管无复发,无面瘫或脑脊液漏。术后听力改善3例(30%),无变化2例(20%),下降5例(50%)。结论先天性胆脂瘤中耳炎多见于儿童,早期无特殊临床表现,容易误诊,临床上对鼓膜完整且无中耳炎病史,以耳后瘘管为首诊的病例要高度重视,颞骨高分辨率CT有助于诊断。手术治疗是唯一选择,术后听力改变取决于病变范围和程度。     

中耳炎颞骨咽鼓管峡部粘-软骨膜的组织病理学观察

目的：了解中耳炎性病咽鼓管峡部粘－软骨膜的影响。方法：用光镜对３２耳各型中耳炎颞骨（中耳炎组）与５０耳正常颞骨（正常组）标本连续切片的咽这峡部粘－软骨膜，中耳腔鼓岬粘骨组织病理学比较观察。结果：中耳炎组和正常组颞骨标本咽鼓管峡部均无病理性阻塞；中耳炎组峡部粘－软骨膜厚度测量和病理观察，未见有明显炎症改变，与正常组比较无明显差异；而其中耳腔粘骨膜均明显炎症病变。这种炎症截然不同反应的界限恰好在咽这的     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管扩张导管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎13例分析

目的 探讨鼻内镜下咽鼓管扩张导管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的方法和疗效。方法 对13例(15耳)慢性分泌性中耳炎患者采用经鼻内镜下插入咽鼓管扩张导管至其峡部,加压并持续扩张其球囊2min,然后经外耳道行鼓膜穿刺抽液,用地塞米松冲洗鼓室,再用含丝裂霉素C明胶海绵涂擦鼓膜穿刺部5min。结果 全部病例均一次插管成功,随访4~5个月,11例(11耳)疗效满意,耳闷胀感消失,声阻抗提示鼓室图由“B”型恢复为“A”型,纯音听阈测试提示听力提高10~20dB,内镜检查鼓室无积液,无感染、出血、鼓膜穿孔等并发症。2例伴有过敏性鼻炎患者(4耳)于术后3个月又出现闷胀感,轻度听力下降,但无鼓室积液,经抗炎和抗过敏治疗后症状消失。结论 鼻内镜下咽鼓管扩张导管治疗分泌性中耳炎操作简便、微创,疗效好。     

咽鼓管冠脉球囊扩张联合鼓膜置管治疗复发性分泌性中耳炎

目的观察咽鼓管冠脉球囊扩张联合鼓膜置管治疗复发性分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将49例（65耳）复发性分泌性中耳炎患者随机分为A、B、C组,A组为试验组,接受咽鼓管球囊扩张联合鼓膜置管治疗,共16例（22耳）,B和C组是对照组,B组单纯接受咽鼓管球囊扩张治疗,共16例（21耳）,C组单纯接受鼓膜置管治疗,共17例（22耳）。所有球囊扩张器械使用冠状动脉球囊。患者术后1、3、6个月定期随访。术后通过咽鼓管功能障碍7项问卷评分（the seven item eustachian tube dysfunction questionair,ETDQ 7）、咽鼓管评分量表（eustachian tube score,ETS）及声导抗进行疗效评价。结果3组患者术后1、3、6个月咽鼓管功能均有提高。鼓膜愈合后复查,A型鼓室图逐渐增多。A组术后3、6个月ETDQ 7评分均较B组和C组低,对照组C组较B组低。术后3、6个月ETS得分A组均高于B、C组,对照组之间C组较B组高。 结论对于复发性分泌性中耳炎的患者咽鼓管球囊扩张联合鼓膜置管能显著改善患者咽鼓管功能,提高分泌性中耳炎的治疗效果。冠状动脉球囊价格较常规咽鼓管球囊便宜,用于治疗分泌性中耳炎取得了同样好的疗效。     

咽鼓管咽口形态改变与分泌性中耳炎相关性研究

目的：研究成人咽鼓管咽口形态改变与分泌性中耳炎(SOM)之间的相关性。方法：对77例(115耳)正常人(对照组)和68例(97耳)SOM患者(SOM组)用鼻内镜观察其咽鼓管咽口的形态，将其分为三角形、缝隙形、椭圆形、喇叭形等4种类型并行统计学分析。结果：对照组三角形84侧，缝隙形4侧，喇叭形17侧，椭圆形10侧；SOM组三角形13侧，缝隙形68侧，椭圆形5侧，喇叭形11侧，两组咽鼓管咽口形态存在显著的差异。结论：咽鼓管咽口形态改变在SOM的发生、发展中有着不可忽视的相关性，为探索成人SOM的治疗提供了一个新的思路。     

Update on eustachian tube dysfunction and the patulous eustachian tube

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent knowledge on eustachian tube dysfunction and the patulous eustachian tube. RECENT FINDINGS: A clinically useful test for eustachian tube function is still lacking. Narrowing of the isthmus alone was demonstrated to be an insufficient cause of otitis media. Inflammatory mediators identified within the eustachian tube and middle ear cells were causally linked with otitis media with effusion. Increasing evidence was found that allergic disease and reflux may be two of the most important contributors of tubal inflammation causing otitis media with effusion. The adenoid size and proximity to the torus tubaris may also be important in considering which patients with persistent otitis media with effusion may benefit from adenoidectomy. Computed tomography scan has documented loss of soft tissue within the cartilaginous eustachian tube in patients with patulous eustachian tubes. An endoscopic approach to seal the tubal lumen has been found to be effective in relieving patulous symptoms. SUMMARY: These studies suggest that allergic rhinitis and gastroesophageal reflux should be investigated in patients with eustachian tube dysfunction. Adenoidectomy should also be considered in patients who have adenoids that obstruct the torus tubaris. Patients with a patulous eustachian tube may benefit from an endoscopic closure. Further research is needed to identify a clinically useful test for eustachian tube dysfunction.     

完壁式乳突切开联合面隐窝开放治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨完壁式乳突切开联合面隐窝开放在治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎中的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2005年6月至2007年6月中山大学附属第二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的17例(19耳)反复发作,行鼓膜置管3次以上无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎患者的临床资料,19耳均接受完壁式乳突切开联合面隐窝开放术治疗,其中7耳术中探杳咽鼓管欠通畅,同期行鼓膜置管术,置管后1～3个月拔管.结果 19耳中耳乳突炎性组织的病理检杳结果显示,9耳为中耳胆固醇肉芽肿,10耳为炎性肉芽.术后19耳均获痊愈,鼓膜形态正常.鼓室压图为A型曲线者16耳,C型曲线者3耳,且负压均在150 mm H2O(1 cm H2O=O.098 kPa)内.术后3个月纯音测听骨气导差均在15 dB以内,随访2～3年无复发.结论 儿童分泌性中耳炎如果反复发作,在多次行鼓膜置管无效的情况下,可考虑采用完壁式乳突切开联合面隐窝开放术式彻底清除病灶,从而建立长期有效的咽鼓管、鼓室、鼓窦、乳突的通气引流,该术式有效.     

Structural changes in the rat middle ear mucosa due to endotoxin and eustachian tube obstruction

The middle ears of 48 rats were used to examine the effects of endotoxin injection, eustachian tube obstruction or a combination of eustachian tube obstruction and endotoxin injection. Animals were killed after 1, 2, 4, or 12 weeks and the middle ears processed for light and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to the normal middle ear mucosa, the epithelial layer was more pseudostratified, cuboidal or cylindrical after endotoxin injection or obstruction of the eustachian tube. In the early phase, numerous ciliated cells occurred in areas originally almost devoid of these cells. At 3 months, degeneration of ciliated cells was observed. The combination of eustachian tube obstruction and endotoxin injection also induced a more pseudostratified, cuboidal or cylindrical epithelium with an increased number of goblet cells. However, an early decrease occurred in the number of ciliated cells in the tympanic orifice of the eustachian tube. Furthermore, inflammatory cells, mainly PMNs, macrophages and lymphocytes, invaded the subepithelial layer after eustachian tube obstruction and endotoxin injection. These structural changes resulted in an impairment of the mucociliary transport system for clearance of the middle ear cavity. For this reason we believe that both endotoxin and eustachian tube obstruction or dysfunction play an important role in inducing persistent mucosal changes in the middle ear cavity, thereby prolonging otitis media with effusion. Received: 13 February 1998 / Accepted: 4 August 1998     

Caliber of the lumen of the eustachian tube pre-isthmus in infants and children

We measured the eustachian tubes in temporal bones taken from infants and children. These specimens included eustachian tubes from 35 normal temporal bones and 13 temporal bones containing acute and secretory otitis media. All temporal bones were serially sectioned for histological studies. The lumen of the third portion of each eustachian tube (i.e., the pre-isthmus or the physiological isthmus) was measured with the aid of a grid mounted on a microscope. These measurements showed: (1) the eustachian tube lumen grows and enlarges to a small degree with age; (2) each age group has a considerable variation in the size of the lumen which is compatible with natural biological distribution; (3) no statistical differences were found in the size of the pre-isthmus lumina of those eustachian tubes from temporal bones showing acute or secretory otitis media when compared with the lumina of eustachian tubes in non-pathological ears.     

Caliber of the lumen of the eustachian tube pre-isthmus in infants and children

Summary We measured the eustachian tubes in temporal bones taken from infants and children. These specimens included eustachian tubes from 35 normal temporal bones and 13 temporal bones containing acute and secretory otitis media. All temporal bones were serially sectioned for histological studies. The lumen of the third portion of each eustachian tube (i.e., the pre-isthmus or the physiological isthmus) was measured with the aid of a grid mounted on a microscope. These measurements showed: (1) the eustachian tube lumen grows and enlarges to a small degree with age; (2) each age group has a considerable variation in the size of the lumen which is compatible with natural biological distribution; (3) no statistical differences were found in the sizes of the pre-isthmus lumina of those eustachian tubes from temporal bones showing acute or secretory otitis media when compared with the lumina of eustachian tubes in non-pathological ears.     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的探索有效治疗分泌性中耳炎的方法。方法将分泌性中耳炎患者63例（78耳）随机分成两组：实验组：在鼻内镜下,对31例（38耳）分泌性中耳炎患者行咽鼓管置管术,留管并反复注药治疗;对照组：对32例（40耳）患者使用传统的鼓膜切开置管术治疗,术后随访6～9个月,比较两组疗效。结果实验组治愈16耳,占42．1％,好转18耳,占47．4％,总有效率89．5％：对照组：治愈8耳,占20．0％,好转21耳,占52.5％,总有效率72．5％。治疗后两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论在鼻内镜下行咽鼓管置管术是在直视下操作,通过咽鼓管的自然通道插入导管,不仅避免了损伤鼓膜,也避免了咽鼓管吹张的重复操作,为临床治疗分泌性中耳炎提供了一个良好途径。