LINE-1 family member GCRG123 gene is up-regulated in human gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma

AIM： To analyze the expression profiles of a human gastriccancer-related gene, GCRG123, in human gastric signetring cell carcinoma tissues, and to perform bioinformatics analysis on GCRG123.
METHODS： In situ hybridization was used to explore the GCRG123 expression pattern in paraffin-embedded gastric tissues, including 15 cases of signet-ring cell carcinoma, 15 of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, and 15 of normal gastric mucosa. Northern blotting was used to analyze the differences in GCRG123 expression between stomach signet-ring cell carcinoma and intestinal-type adenocarcinoma tissues. Online software, including BLAST, Multalin and BLAT, were applied for bioinformatics analysis. National Center for Biotechnology Information （NCBI） and the University of California Santa Cruz （UCSC） databases were used for the analyses.
RESULTS： The in situ hybridization signal appeared as blue precipitates restricted to the cytoplasm. Ten out of 15 cases of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma, normal gastric mucosal epithelium and pyloric glands showed high GCRG123 expression. Low GCRG123 expression was observed in gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and normal gastric glands. Northern blotting revealed that GCRG123 was up-regulated in signet-ring cell carcinoma tissue but down-regulated in intestinal-type adenocarcinoma tissue. BLAST and Multalin analyses revealed that the GCRG123 sequence had 92% similarity with the ORF2 sequence of human long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposons （LINE-1, L1）. BLAT analysis indicated that GCRG123 mapped to all chromosomes. GCRG123 was found to integrate in the intron-17 and -23 of Rb, 5＇ flanking region of IL-2 and clotting factor Ⅸ genes.
CONCLUSION： GCRG123, an active member of the Lt family, was up-regulated in human gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma.     

抗人胃癌相关蛋白GCRG213多克隆抗体的制备鉴定及初步应用

目的 制备胃癌相关蛋白GCRC213的多克隆抗体. 方法在大肠杆菌中表达Thioredoxin/GCRG213融合蛋白,并以所获蛋白免疫新西兰白兔,制备兔抗GCRG213的抗体.酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)、Western blot法鉴定抗体的效价及特异性.免疫组化染色观察GCRG213在胃癌和止常组织中的表达. 结果在大肠杆菌中高效表达出相对分子质量(Mr)约为29 400的thioredoxin/GCRG213融合蛋白,经凝胶回收法得到纯度近100%的蛋白产品.制备兔抗GCRG213抗体.ELISA法检测抗体的效价达到1:256 000.Western blot证实该抗体可与原核表达的GCRG213蛋白特异性结合.免疫组化染色显示GCRG213在胃癌组织中的表达明显强于正常胃黏膜组织. 结论兔抗GCRG213抗体的成功制备,为进一步研究GCRG213的牛物学功能及其在胃癌发牛发展中的作用奠定了基础.     

ERK1、ERK2在胃腺癌中的表达及临床意义

对38例胃腺癌及其相应癌旁组织和20例大致正常的胃粘膜组织进行Western印迹检测,同时将其石蜡切片进行免疫组织化学染色，检测以上组织中细胞外信号激酶1．2（ERK1、ERK2）的表达，并结合胃癌临床病理资料进行分析。结果显示，ERK1、ERK2在胃癌组织中呈强阳性表达，而对照胃粘膜组织中呈弱表达或无表达，免疫组织化学与Western印迹结果具有一致性；ERK1、ERK2的阳性表达与胃癌的组织学类型、TNM分期及有无淋巴结转移无关（P＞0．05）。认为胃癌组织中ERK1、EK2的表达增强，ERK信号传导途径在胃癌发生发展中可能起一定作用。     

Role of nucleostemin in growth regulation of gastric cancer, liver cancer and other malignancies

AIM: To examine the role of nucleostemin in the growth regulation of gastric cancer, liver cancer and other cancers. METHODS: RT-PCR was used to clone the fragment of nucleostemin cDNA from HEK 293 cells. Eighteen kinds of malignant tumor tissues including gastric adenocarcinoma and liver cancer tissues, 3 kinds of benign tumor tissues, 3 kinds of benign hyperplastic tissues and normal tissues were employed to examine nucleostemin gene expression by RT-PCR, Slot blot, Northern blot and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: We successfully cloned a 570 bp fragment of nucleostemin-cDNA from HEK-293 cells. All detected malignant tumor tissues, benign tumor tissues, and benign hyperplastic tissues had high levels of nucleostemin expression. Nucleostemin was also expressed in human placenta tissue at a high level. In terminally differentiated normal human adult kidney and mammary gland tissues, no nucleostemin expression could be detected. CONCLUSION: Nucleostemin can help regulate the proliferation of both cancer cells and stem cells. It might play an important role in the growth regulation of gastric cancer, liver cancer and other cancers.     

HTRA1 gene expression in gastric epithelial cells

Objective:To explore HtrA1 gene expression aud its regulation in human gastric cancers.Methods:The HtrA1 mRNA levels were examined by QPCR analysis and coufirmed its expression with Northern blot analysis.The HtrA1 protein levels in all six gastric epithelial cell lines were investigated by Western blot analysis.Gene copy number was accessed and then sequenced the coding region from each mRNA in all six cell lines.The HtrA1 promoter region DNA methylation status was detected by using bisulfite sequeucing analysis.Effect of decitabine and TSA on HTRA1 expression in gastric cancer cell line was determined by RTPCR.Results:HIC analysis indicated that HtrA1 was highly expressed in normal epithelium,but dramatically down-regulated in gastric carcinoma tissues and variably expressed in tumor-adjacent tissues.HtrA1 gene expression was dramatically decreased in gastric carcinoma cells compared to nontumorigenic counterparts.The HtrA1 gene loss in any of the 4 breast cancer cell lines was not detected.Total 14 CpGs in this region were all methylated in gastric cancer cells,whereas two normal cells.GES-1 and HFI-145,were having several unmethylated cytosines in this region.HtrA1 showed as~Mr 44,000,Expression of HtrA1 protein was not observed in any of the four gastric caucer cell lines.BGC-823.MKN-45.SGC-7901and MKN-28.HtrA1 expression was observed in the HF1-145and GES-1 cell lines.Conclusions:The epigenetic silencing for HtrA1gene expression could provide a possible strategy for re-activating Htrt1 gene expression in gastric cancer cells.thus facilitating further investigation of HtrA1's role in chemotherapy.     

Akt的活化对胃癌血管新生的促进作用

目的:研究Akt在胃癌及癌旁正常组织中的表达、活化状况及其与胃癌血管新生的关系.方法:收集手术切除的胃癌及相应的癌旁正常组织标本48例.采用Western blot法检测20例新鲜胃癌及癌旁组织Akt和磷酸化Akt(pAkt)蛋白的表达.以免疫组织化学法检测pAkt蛋白在48例胃癌和癌旁正常组织的表达以及血管内皮生长因...     

泛素表达和蛋白酶体活性在胃癌及癌旁组织中的研究

目的研究26S蛋白酶体水解活性及泛素在胃癌、癌旁组织与正常胃黏膜组织中的差异。方法对75例胃癌患者分别在胃癌、癌旁及远端正常黏膜组织取样进行研究。采用免疫印迹方法分析泛素表达,免疫荧光方法分析26S蛋白酶体活性。结果泛素表达及26S蛋白酶体活性在胃癌及癌旁组织中增强,均高于正常胃黏膜组织。胃癌中泛素水平(4.24vs3.27)及26S蛋白酶体活性(628.3vs431.8)均高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义。结论胃癌中泛素-蛋白酶体系统被异常活化,与胃癌的发生与进展有关。     

DOK3 PTK7在不同级别结肠腺瘤组织中的表达及意义探讨

目的分析对接蛋白3(DOK3)和蛋白酪氨酸激酶7(PTK7)在不同级别结肠腺瘤组织中的表达情况,探讨其在结肠癌的发生、发展机制中的作用。方法收集2015-01~2018-12广西壮族自治区南溪山医院经病理科确诊的结肠腺瘤伴低级别异型增生(LGD)标本22例,结肠腺瘤伴高级别异型增生(HGD)标本23例,结肠癌标本22例,瘤旁非肿瘤黏膜组织标本20例。采用免疫组织化学染色法检测不同类型标本DOK3和PTK7的表达情况。结果DOK3和PTK7均主要表达于腺上皮的胞浆和胞膜。瘤旁非肿瘤黏膜和LGD组织的DOK3高表达率均显著高于HGD和结肠癌组织(P<0.05);HGD组织的DOK3高表达率也显著高于结肠癌组织(P<0.05)。结肠癌和HGD组织的PTK7高表达率均显著高于瘤旁非肿瘤黏膜和LGD组织(P<0.05);结肠癌组织的PTK7高表达率也显著高于HGD组织(P<0.05)。结论DOK3可能是作为抑癌因子,而PTK7作为促癌因子参与结肠癌的发生、发展。     

Prognostic significance of maspin expression in human gastric adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Maspin is a member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors known to have tumor suppressor activity. However, molecular aspects in carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer remain largely unclear. Previously we reported for the first time that maspin is induced in the course of gastric carcinogenesis. In the present study we evaluated maspin induction in gastric adenocarcinoma in relation to a number of clinicopathologic feature. METHODOLOGY: Maspin expression was examined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining in 82 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: In Western blot analysis, gastric specimens of tumor showed increased maspin expression compared with corresponding normal tissues in 54 of 82 patients (66%). Tumor shows increased maspin expression compared with normal tissue in 81.1% of stage IV patients and 83.3% of N3 patients. The frequency of maspin induction was associated with the stage of gastric cancer (p = 0.01) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.03). There was no significant association between maspin induction and Helicobacter pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that maspin may have an important role in the progression and metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma.     

肿瘤相关基因NAG6、NAG-7、BRD7在胃癌中的表达

目的　NAG6、NAG 7、BRD7为最近克隆的肿瘤相关新基因 ,对它们在胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达进行检测 ,探讨这些基因在胃癌发生发展中的作用。方法　采用RT PCR、Northern杂交、点杂交方法检测 34例胃癌和癌旁组织中这些基因的表达。结果　胃癌组织中 ,有 61 .8% (2 1 / 34)NAG6基因表达缺失 ,NAG6在胃癌组织中的表达较癌旁组织显著下调 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,但NAG6表达下调与胃癌淋巴结或远处转移无明显关系 (P >0 .0 5)。NAG 7基因在胃癌和癌旁组织中表达率分别为 88.2 % (30 / 34)和 82 .3 % (2 8/ 34)。BRD7基因在胃癌及癌旁组织中均有表达。RT PCR、Northern杂交、点杂交结果均显示NAG 7、BRD7基因在胃癌与癌旁组织之间的表达差异无显著性。同时 ,点杂交也证实NAG6在胃癌组织中表达下调。结论　NAG6基因在胃癌组织中表达显著下调 ,这可能在胃癌的发生发展过程中起重要作用 ,但可能与淋巴结或远处转移无关。BRD7、NAG 7基因在胃癌中未发现表达水平改变 ,初步提示这两种基因可能在胃癌的发生发展中不起作用     

Expression of nitric oxide synthase in human gastric carcinoma and its relation to p53, PCNA

AIM: To investigate the expression of NOS in gastric carcinoma, and to explore the relationship between the expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and p53, PCNA, pathological features and clinical staging of gastric cancer. METHODS: The activity of NOS protein was investigated in 85 samples of human gastric carcinoma and 25 samples of normal gastric mucosal tissue by biochemical assay. We then examined the expression of NOS, p53, PCNA in 85 samples of human gastric cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry, and NOS mRNA expression in 85 gastric cancer tissue specimens by In situ hybridization. RESULTS: Biochemical assay showed that the activity of NOS was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma than in normal gastric mucosal tissues (t=0.4161, P＜0.01). Immunohistochemistry revealed that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expressed in all samples of normal gastric mucosa, but only 6 cases of 85 gastric cancer specimens showed weak positive immunohistochemical reactions to eNOS (20%). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was expressed strongly in human gastric carcinoma (81.2%). In situ hybridization analysis showed that iNOS mRNA expression was significantly stronger than eNOS mRNA expression in gastric cancer tissue (X~2 = 10.23, P＜0.01). The expression of iNOS in gastric cancer was associated with differentiation, clinical stages or lymph node metastases (r=0.3426,P＜0.05). However, iNOS expression did not correlate with histological classifications and morphological types. The expression of iNOS was significantly correlated with p53 or PCNA expression (r=0.3612, P＜0.05). The expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was not examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in gastric cancer specimens and normal gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION: In human gastric cancer, there is an enhanced expression of iNOS, but not of eNOS. NOS promotes the proliferation of tumor cells and plays an important role in gastric cancer spread. Inactivation of antioncogene p53 and overexpression of iNOS might play a synergetic role in the process of carcinogenesis of human gastric carcinoma.     

p16基因表达与胃癌组织类型的关系

目的：探讨ｐ１６基因的表达与人胃癌组织类型的关系。方法：选取２４例病理确诊的胃癌组织及相应正常胃粘膜组织，用蛋白质免疫印迹（Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ）技术检测ｐ１６基因在两种组织中的表达。结果：２４例胃癌组织中，６例无ｐ１６基因表达的癌组织为低分化腺癌或印戒细胞癌；２例ｐ１６基因表达可疑；分化较高的５例ｐ１６基因表达增多；其们１１例ｐ１６基因的表达同相应正常组织无区别。结论：ｐ１６基因在胃癌组织中     

组织芯片检测β-连环蛋白、c-erbB2在胃腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

近年来组织芯片已越来越多地应用于恶性肿瘤的相关研究,但用于胃癌研究的报道较少。目的：探讨胃腺癌、癌旁组织和外周正常黏膜组织中β-连环蛋白和c—erbB2的表达及其临床意义。方法：取102例胃腺癌、97例癌旁组织和98例外周正常黏膜组织分别制成含282点、156点和156点的3块组织芯片。以免疫组化法检测组织芯片中β-连环蛋白和c—erbB2的表达,并分析其与胃腺癌临床病理特征的关系。结果：胃腺癌组织中β-连环蛋白和c—erbB2阳性表达率显著高于癌旁组织和外周正常黏膜组织（57．0％对22．1％和7．3％,P=0．000;29．0％对5．3％和0％,P=0．000）。β-连环蛋白和c-erbB2异常表达与胃腺癌的分化程度（P=0．027,P=0．001）和浸润深度（P=0．033,P=0．011）有关,与其他临床病理特征无关。胃腺癌中β-连环蛋白表达与c—erbB2表达呈明显正相关（P〈0．05）。结论：c-erbB2异常表达可能导致靶基因β-连环蛋白异常表达,从而在胃腺癌的发生、发展中起重要作用。     

Expression of the midkine gene in human hepatocellular carcinomas

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Aberrant expression of Midkine (MK) has been found in various human carcinomas including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of study is to identify the incidence of MK expression in tumor and surrounding non-tumor tissues of the liver, and to find the correlation of MK expression with other tumor markers. METHODOLOGY: Liver tissues were obtained from 16 patients with HCC and 4 with metastatic liver cancer. Background diseases of the HCC patients include liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis of type B or C. RNA was prepared from both cancerous and surrounding non-cancerous tissues, and analyzed for the presence of MK mRNA by RT-PCR, PCR-Southern blot, and Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: MK expression was detected in 12 (75%) of 16 HCCs by PCR-Southern blot analysis, the most sensitive of the 3 methods. Three of 9 surrounding cirrhotic tissues were weakly positive for MK expression, and none of chronic hepatitis and 4 normal tissues were negative. No significant difference was found in clinical and pathological parameters between MK negative and positive cases. Among metastatic cancers, 1 of gastric origin was positive for MK expression, but 1 each of chorangiocellular, gall bladder, and gastrinoma origin was negative. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MK is expressed in the majority of HCC tissues and rarely in surrounding tissues in chronic liver diseases.     

Tissue potassium,selenium, and iron levels associated with gastric cancer progression

The contents of 10 minor and trace elements in histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinomas and their corresponding normal gastric mucosal tissues obtained from 39 patients at the time of gastric resection were simultaneously determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Specimens were irradiated by reactor neutrons and subsequently subject to direct analysis using a high-resolution HPGe -spectrometer. Univariate analysis revealed that gastric cancer tissues had significantly higher concentrations of Fe, K, Mg, Na, Rb, Se, and Zn than normal gastric mucosal tissues. However, multivariate analysis found that Fe, K, and Se were independent elements that associated with gastric cancer. Upon further evaluation of their clinical significance, we found a high tissue K level was related to lymphatic duct metastasis. High Se tissue levels were linked to intestinal type adenocarcinoma. A positive correlation was found between high Fe levels and vascular involvement. These findings suggest that Fe and K are associated with gastric cancer progression. Se is involved in carcinogenesis of stomach in high-risk areas. The mechanisms that underlie the corresponding pathohistological features deserve further study.     

Expression and significance of CD44s, CD44v6, and nm23 mRNA in human cancer

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the expression levels of nm23 mRNA, CD44s, and CD44v6,and oncogenesis, development and metastasis of human gastric adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma,intraductal carcinoma of breast, and lung cancer.METHODS: Using tissue microarray by immuhistochemical (IHC) staining and in situ hybri-dization (ISH), we examined the expression levels of nm23mRNA, CD44s, and CD44v6 in 62 specimens of human gastric adenocarcinoma and 62 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma; the expression of CD44s and CD44v6in 120 specimens of intraductal carcinoma of breast and 20 specimens of normal breast tissue; the expression of nm23 mRNA in 72 specimens of human lung cancer and 23 specimens of normal tissue adjacent to cancer.RESULTS: The expression of nm23 mRNA in the tissues of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma was not significantly different from that in the normal tissues adjacent to cancer (P＞0.05), and was not associated with the invasion of tumor and the pathology grade of adenocarcinoma (P＞0.05). However, the expression of nm23 mRNA was correlated negatively to the lymph node metastasis of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma (r = -0.49, P＜0.01; r = -4.93, P＜0.01). The expression of CD44s in the tissues of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma was significantly different from that in the normal tissues adjacent to cancer (P＜0.05;P＜0.01). CD44v6 was expressed in the tissues of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma only, the expression of CD44v6 was significantly associated with the lymph node metastasis, invasion and pathological grade of the tumor (r = 0.47, P＜0.01; r = 5.04, P＜0.01). CD44sand CD44v6 were expressed in intraductal carcinoma of breast, the expression of CD44s and CD44v6 was significantly associated with lymph node metastases and invasion (P＜0.01). However, neither of them was expressed in the normal breast tissue. In addition, the expression of CD44v6 was closely related to the degree of cell differentiation of intraductal carcinoma of breast (x2= 5.68, P＜0.05). The expressional level of nm23mRNA was closely related to the degree of cell differentiation (P＜0.05) and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.01), but the expression of nm23 gene was not related to sex, age, and type of histological classification (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: Patients with overexpression of CD44s and CD44v6 and low expression of nm23 mRNA have a higher lymph node metastatic rate and invasion. In addition, overexpression of CD44v6 is closely related to the degree of cell differentiation. Detection of the three genes is able to provide a reliable index to evaluate the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.     

胰腺癌组织表皮生长因子mRNA表达的意义

目的探讨ＥＧＦｍＲＮＡ的表达与胰腺癌发生、发展及预后的关系．方法应用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ杂交方法，检测胰腺癌２７例和正常胰组织７例中ＥＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达．结果正常胰腺组织７例未检测到ＥＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达，胰腺癌２７例ＥＧＦｍＲＮＡ阳性表达率６６７％（１８例），经卡方检验发现，ＥＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达与胰腺癌病理分级、临床分期及伴随局部淋巴结转移呈显著相关（Ｐ＜００５）．结论ＥＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达与胰腺癌发生有关，胰腺癌ＥＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达可作为胰腺癌预后的参考指标     

SIRT1在胃癌组织、细胞中的表达及意义

目的观察SIRTl在胃癌组织及胃癌细胞中的表达情况,探讨SIRTl同胃癌临床病理特征之间的关系。方法应用Real．timePCR方法检测SIRTlmRNA在21例新鲜胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达情况;应用Westernblot和Real．timePCR方法在蛋白和mRNA水平检测SIRT1在胃癌、胃黏膜上皮细胞中的表达;应用免疫组织化学染色法检测130例胃癌组织及癌旁正常组织中SIRT1蛋白的表达,分析SIRTl蛋白表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系。结果SIRTImRNA在新鲜胃癌组织中较正常癌旁组织表达增高（P〈0．05）,SIRT1mRNA及蛋白在胃癌细胞中均比正常胃黏膜上皮细胞中表达增高（P均〈0．05）。免疫组化染色结果表明,SIRTl蛋白在胃癌组织中较正常癌旁组织表达增高（P〈0．05）。SIRT1蛋白表达水平同胃癌患者的年龄及肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、大小有关（P均〈0．05）,同生存时间呈负相关（r=-0．5023,P〈0．05）。结论SIRT1在胃癌组织和胃癌细胞中呈高表达,其在胃癌发生中充当癌基因的角色。