苯诱导生殖细胞染色体非整倍体和DNA损伤的研究

[目的 ]研究苯对人生殖细胞染色体非整倍体和DNA的影响。 [方法 ]用地高辛标记 9号染色体着丝粒探针 (D9Z1)和生物素标记的 18号染色体着丝粒探针 (D18Z1)与接触工人间期精子核进行双色荧光原位杂交 ,测定精子染色体非整倍体率 ,并用改良的精子单细胞凝胶电泳 (SCGE)方法测定精子DNA损伤。 [结果 ]车间空气中苯平均几何浓度 86 49mg/m3 ,高于国家卫生标准 1倍 ;苯暴露工人尿粘糠酸显著高于对照组。对工人精子的分析 ,共计数 14名暴露工人 136 40 1条精子 ,16名对照工人15 6 95 5条精子。暴露组 9、18染色体双体精子率分别为 0 16 8%和 0 0 5 5 % ,二倍体精子率为 0 0 73% ,均高于对照组相应数值 (分别为 0 0 5 0 %、0 0 33%和 0 0 40 % )。其中 9号染色体双体率高于对照值 3倍 ,18号高于对照 1倍 ;暴露组 9、18号染色体缺体率分别为 0 2 0 6 %和 0 0 6 8% ,高于对照组值 ( 0 0 6 7%和 0 0 48% )。总数目畸变率 ( 0 5 70 % )亦高于对照组值 ( 0 2 18% )。 9、18号染色体双体率和缺体率接近 1∶1的比率 ,符合超倍体与亚倍体在减数分裂过程中同时产生 ,数目相同的遗传规律。SCGE检测结果 ,以精子DNA头部完整的百分比为检测参数 ,暴露组 (n =13)工人精子DNA头部完整的百分比为 70 18% ,明显低     

人精子染色体异常的检测

对人精子染色体的研究,可以推测父方染色体异常的情况。通过用人精子和仓鼠卵融合的方法对人精子的核型进行分析及用特殊染色体DNA探针进行荧光原位杂交(FISH)可以对人精子染色体进行研究。两种方法的研究显示人精子中每一条染色体成为双体的机率接近0.1％,而全部染色体是非整倍体的机率约5％～6％。精子染色体中整倍体的分布并不均匀一致,核型分析和FISH分析结果均表明:21号染色体和性染色体成为非整倍体的机率均明显升高。在睾丸癌患者化疗前和化疗后2～13年间,其精子核型分析结果显示染色体数量和结构异常的机率在化疗前后无明显差异。同样对精子中1号、12号、X和Y染色体进行FISH分析,显示它们双体的机率在治疗前后也无显著差异。在不育男性精子中1号、12号、XX、YY和XY染色体进行了FISH分析,显示1号、13号、21号和XY染色体双体的机率比对照组有显著升高。     

Y染色体微缺失和精子染色体非整倍体与不育关系的探讨

目的：探讨Y染色体AZF区微缺失和精子染色体非整倍体与男性不育的关系。方法：采用多重PCR-凝胶电泳技术对32例男性不育患者AZF4个区15个序列标签位点（STS）进行微缺失检测,并应用X、Y、18号染色体探针对其中16例弱精子症患者和8例健康男性进行三色荧光原位杂交,分析精子染色体非整倍体。结果：32例患者中4例在AZF区有微缺失,缺失率12.5%。病例组计数47691个精子,对照组计数28952个精子,杂交率分别为99.53%和99.93%。非整倍体主要类型为YY18、XX18、XY18、Y1818和X1818。病例组依次为（0.102±0.154）%、（0.103±0.073）%、（0.273±0.278）%、（0.381±0.493）%和（0.318±0.585）%,非整倍体率为5.64%;对照组则为（0.050±0.040）%、（0.030±0.031）%、（0.098±0.080）%、（0.093±0.087）%和（0.085±0.106）%,非整倍体率为4.28%,两组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：Y染色体AZF区域发生微缺失和精子染色体非整倍体增加可能是男性不育的重要病因之一。     

CS2作业工人的精子X染色体非整倍体率

目的进一步探讨二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）对男性生殖系统的毒性。方法用生物素标记的α－卫星Ｘ染色体特异ＤＮＡ探针与接触ＣＳ２工人精子ＤＮＡ进行荧光原位杂交（ＦＩＳＨ），测定Ｘ染色体非整倍体率。结果厂空气中ＣＳ２平均浓度高于国家最高容许浓度１～３倍，ＣＳ２作业工人血睾酮（Ｔ）含量降低，间质细胞刺激素（ＦＳＨ）及黄体生成素（ＬＨ）含量升高；１１位工人总共计数６０３４４条Ｘ精子，Ｘ精子双体率为０．０８２％±０．０２２％，高于正常健康人的０．０６３％±０．０１３％，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论接触ＣＳ２男工妻子流产率增加可能与男工精子染色体非整倍体率增加有关。     

男性不育患者精子染色体畸变的检测及其对ICSI影响的研究

目的:探讨男性不育患者精子染色体畸变率及其对ICSI结果的影响。方法:随机选取外周血细胞染色体正常、行ICSI治疗的男性不育患者32例,其中少精症8例、严重少精症9例、阻塞性无精症经皮附睾穿刺吸精子11例、精液正常但常规IVF不受精患者4例以及5例对照组。应用荧光原位杂交技术检测了各类男性不育患者精子性染色体、13、18、21号染色体非整倍体的发生率和二倍体的发生率,统计分析这些染色体畸变的发生率与ICSI后的受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、妊娠率、胚胎种植率以及流产率之间的关系。结果:少精症组精子性染色体非整倍体发生率明显升高(0.58%、0.25%,P<0.001),常见的形式为精子XY二体、XX二体以及YY二体;在严重少精症组,精子性染色体二体率(0.94%、0.25%)、13号染色体二体率(0.40%、0.09%)、21号染色体二体率(0.48%、0.10%)、二倍体率(0.43%、0.09%)明显高于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.001);在阻塞性无精症组,性染色体二体率(1.43%、0.25%)、二倍体率(0.32%、0.09%)明显高于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.001)。在IVF不受精组,各项检测指标与对照组相比无明显差异。严重少精症组ICSI后的优质胚胎率、妊娠率以及胚胎种植率明显下降,流产率升高。结论:在行ICSI治疗前,用FISH方法进行精子染色体畸变的检测是有效的,也是必要的;对检测阳性的患者,在行ICSI后对早期胚胎进行遗传学检测可减少或避免遗传缺陷的发生。     

精子因素对反复自然流产的影响

目的 分析精子因素对反复自然流产的影响.方法 病例组:21例不明原因反复自然流产患者丈夫,对照组:20名已生育男子,采用精子染色质结构分析方法 分析精子DNA完整性,参照WHO标准分析精液质量,选用X、Y和18号染色体探针进行荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测精子的非整倍体性.结果 病例组正常形态率(10.8±2.8)%低于对照组,DNA碎片指数(DNA fragmentation index,DFI)值(21.7±6.7)%、18染色体非整倍体率(0.23±0.09)%、性染色体非整倍体率(0.80±0.14)%均明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 精子形态、DNA完整性和染色体非整倍体率是反复自然流产的相关性因素.     

不良孕产史夫妇男性精子染色体畸变情况研究

目的 研究男性精子染色体畸变状况以及生育情况。方法 采用三色荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)方法,利用DNA染色体计数探针(chromesome enumeration DNA probes,CEP)X、Y、18与二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol,DTT)处理过的有不良孕产史夫妇(研究组)的男性(15例)精子核杂交,计数杂交信号,与对照组(生育过健康子女符合二胎生育指标想再生育的8名男性)进行比较。结果 研究组精子染色体X、Y、18二体率、X+Y缺体比率高于对照组(P<0.05),研究组精子的非整倍体染色体异常率高于对照组;研究组在避免接触有害物质和补充叶酸片剂等3～6个月后再行检查精子染色体X、Y、18的二体率和二倍体率,显示有所降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 FISH技术是一种快速、准确、简单、实用性强的检测精子染色体畸变的方法。     

苯系混合物对男工精液质量的影响

为了解苯系混合物对男性生殖机能的影响，对从事制鞋、油（喷）漆等接触苯系物的２４名男工的精液质量进行了调查。结果表明：在作业环境中苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度超过国家卫生标准的情况下，部分工人的血液、精液中可检测出苯系物，而对照组未检出。苯系物对男工精液质量有一定影响，表现为精液液化时间异常（＞３０分钟）的百分比例增高，精子活率、活力则下降。同时，精液液化时间与精浆中甲苯水平呈正相关，而精子活率、活力则与工龄呈负相关。提示：接触苯系物使作业男工的精液质量和精子质量均受到损伤。     

2012年高密市制鞋企业苯及苯系物作业工人体检资料分析

目的了解高密市制鞋行企业接触苯及苯系物作业工人的健康状况,以便采取措施改善作业环境卫生状况,保护作业工人的身体健康。方法对2012年高密市80家制鞋企业接触苯系物3015名作业工人健康体检资料进行分析。结果调查80家制鞋企业,有职业卫生机构的占5.00%,有专(兼)职职业卫生工作人员的占33.75%,上岗前职业健康体检率为1.72%;定期职业健康体检率为49.95%。现场查看3015名工人,佩戴口罩、手套防护用品的占64.08%。检查3015名工人,常见病检出率,高血压为9.78%,脂肪肝为2.06%,心电图异常为2.35%;尿液异常为3.22%,白细胞及血小板计数异常率为14.43%,白细胞及血小板计数异常率与不接触苯系物的制帮车间的工人的异常率(9.25%)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高密市制鞋行企业接触苯及苯系物作业工人健康状况较差,存在一定的职业安全隐患。     

某皮鞋厂制鞋工人血象改变的原因分析

目的　探讨某皮鞋厂苯系物对人体的危害作用 ,为预防和控制苯系物危害的发生提供依据。方法　选择该厂 1 2 4名接触苯系物的制鞋工人为接触组 ,另选不接触苯系物的 1 80名工人为对照组 ,分别对这些工人进行包括白细胞和血小板等项目的职业性健康检查 ,并对该厂制鞋生产线苯系物的浓度进行了监测。结果　接触组白细胞减少者检出率为 1 0 4 8% ,而对照组为 1 1 1 % ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1 ) ;血小板减少者接触组检出率为 3 2 3% ,对照组为 0 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。制鞋生产线作业环境均存在苯系物 ,苯系物超标率为 6 4 1 % (5 / 78)。结论　接触苯系物可引起制鞋工人的血象改变 ,应加强对接触苯系物制鞋工人的苯防护工作。     

Organophosphorous pesticide exposure increases the frequency of sperm sex null aneuploidy.

It has been estimated that 4 of 1,000 live births and 35% of spontaneous abortions are aneuploid and that an important proportion of embryo and newborn aneuploidy is of paternal origin. Exposure to organophosphorous pesticides (OP) has been associated with sperm hyperploidy/polyploidy. Therefore, we aimed to assess the frequency of sperm aneuploidy (X, Y, and 18) and its relationship with urinary OP metabolites in agricultural workers. We performed multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization on samples from nine men obtained before and during the pesticide spraying season to assess sperm aneuploidy. We measured urinary OP metabolite levels by gas-liquid chromatography. Aneuploidies were found in 0.67% of total sperm nuclei. The most frequent aneuploidy was the lack of a sexual chromosome or sex null (0.19%), followed by XY18 (0.15%) and XY18-18 (0.06%). OP metabolites detected at higher concentrations were dimethylthiophosphate, dimethyldithiophosphate, and diethylphosphate (DEP). There were no differences in average aneuploidy frequency or urinary metabolite levels between samples collected before and after exposure. However, Poisson regression analysis adjusted for age, alcohol intake, and sperm concentration showed significant associations between OP metabolite concentrations and increased frequency of sperm aneuploidies. The association was more evident between DEP and sex null, and the risk increased further during the spraying season. Thus, OP exposure could interfere with sperm chromosome segregation and increase the risk for genetic syndromes, such as Turner's. Further studies are required to assess the prevalence of spontaneous abortions, birth defects, and genetic syndromes in agricultural communities.     

低浓度混苯暴露与精液质量下降及早早孕丢失的关系

目的：研究低浓度混苯暴露对职业人群精液质量和早早孕丢的伯影响。方法：选择混苯作业工人１２６人、无混苯作业对照６０人,进行生产环境监测和生物学监测;按混苯接地情况,选择暴露组男工７０人,内对照组男工９０人,外对照组男工１３２人,进行精液质量分析;选择暴露组女工４２人,内对照组女工４９人,外对照组女工１１８人,进行尿液人绒毛膜促性腺激素的检测。结果 石化企业混苯暴露以低浓度苯（０．７￣２７．０ｍｇ／     

Numerical chromosome anomalies in human sperm at low sperm concentration

INTRODUCTION: With the assisted reproduction techniques the natural selection of sperm is bypassed on different levels. AIM: The aim of the present work is to determine the frequencies of sperm numerical chromosome aberrations in infertile men with low sperm count and to examine the relationship between the spermatogram parameters (sperm count and motility) and the aneuploidy and diploidy frequencies. METHODS: 32 men with low sperm count were investigated. Semen analysis was performed according to the WHO criteria. Disomy and diploidy frequencies were detected with fluorescence in situ hibridization using 17, X and Y centromeric probes. 200,969 sperm were scored, with the mean of 6272 cells in each subjects. The rate of numerical chromosome anomalies were also estimated using the detected disomy and the diploidy frequencies. RESULTS: Mean sperm concentration of the 32 men was 18.2 million/ml (SD: +/- 8.43, range: 8.0-45.5), mean motility 49.4% (+/- 9.32, 30-69.2). The X/Y ratio was 1.07. The mean frequencies of sex chromosome disomy, chromosome 17 disomy and diploidy were 0.36%, 0.16% and 0.56%, respectively. The most frequent disomy was XY disomy (0.14). Sex chromosome disomy frequencies were higher in oligospermic samples (0.37% vs. 0.32%, OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01-1.39, p < 0.001). With special regard to XY disomy (0.08% vs. 0.17%, OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.48-2.67, p < 0.001). In subjects with oligoasthenozoospermia the diploidy frequency increased (0.96%, OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 2.13-2.69, p < 0.001), mostly due to the elevated rate of diploid sperm of meiosis II. origin (XX or YY diploids). Estimated frequency of the numerical chromosome anomalies was 8.3 +/- 5.3 in the study population. Neither the sperm count, nor the sperm motility showed correlation with the detected frequency of the chromosome aberrations. CONCLUSIONS: In oligospermic patients there is a risk for elevated frequency of sperm with sex chromosome aneuploidy, especially the XY disomy. Furthermore, the diploidy frequency is increased in oligozooastenospermic samples. Nevertheless, classical parameters of semen analysis (sperm count and motility) do not correlate with the frequency of numerical chromosomal anomalies. The risk can be determined using fluorescens in situ hybridization on sperm.     

Sperm aneuploidy among Chinese pesticide factory workers: scoring by the FISH method.

BACKGROUND: A study of the prevalence of sperm aneuploidy among pesticide factory workers was conducted in Anhui, China. METHODS: We recruited 75 men: 32 subjects from a large pesticide-manufacturing plant and 43 subjects from a nearby textile factory free of pesticide exposure. Each subject met the following criteria: age of 20-40 years; continuous work in the plant for 3 months prior to the study, no congenital anomalies or acquired disease of the external genitalia and no history of recent febrile illness or mumps. Within one hour after collection from each subject, semen was evaluated in terms of several parameters and smear slides were prepared. RESULTS: Exposure assessment revealed that workers in the pesticide plant were exposed to ethyl parathion or methamidophos, each of which is a potent organophosphate pesticide, at a median level of 0.02 mg/m3 (8-hour time weighted average as measured by personal pump) while workers in the control plant had no such occupational exposure. Twenty-nine semen slides (13 from the exposed group and 16 from the unexposed group) were randomly chosen for aneuploidy scoring by the three-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method with scorers being unaware of exposure status. Median semen parameters were as follows for exposed (and unexposed) men: abstinence period, 3 days (4 days); sperm concentration, 52.8x10(6)/ml (53.1x10(6)/ml); proportion of sperm with normal motility, 50.5% (61.3%); and proportion of sperm with normal morphology, 59% (61.5%). The specific chromosome abnormalities of interest were disomy for chromosome 18 and the three different types of sex chromosome disomy (i.e. XX, XY, YY disomy). The crude proportion of all aneuploidy combined was 0.30% and 0.19% for sperm from exposed and unexposed men, respectively. Poisson regression with overdispersion adjustment yielded significantly different crude risks of aneuploidy - 3.03 and 1.94 per 1,000 sperm from exposed and unexposed men, respectively - giving a rate ratio of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.06-2.31). The regression coefficients remained statistically significant after adjustment for inter-technician variability giving a rate ratio of 1.51 (95% CI, 1. 04-2.20). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides moderately increases the prevalence of sperm aneuploidy.     

Effect of Cr(VI) exposure on sperm quality: human and animal studies

The semen status of male workers occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium(VI) was investigated. Sperm counts from exposed workers were 47.05+/-2.13 x 10(6)/ml and those from control group 88.96+/-3.40 x 10(6)/ml. Sperm motility decreased from 81.92+/-0.41% for the control group to 69.71+/-0.93% for the exposed workers. The levels of zinc, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate dehydrogenase C4 isoenzyme (LDH-x) in seminal plasma for the exposed workers were 1.48+/-0.07 micromol/ml, 1.05+/-0.02 x 10(3) U, and 0.47+/-0.01 x 10(3) U, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of 5.72+/-0.15 micromol/ml, 1.49+/-0.02 x 10(3) U, and 0.78+/-0.15 x 10(3) U for the control group, respectively. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (7.34+/-0.34 x 10(-3) IU/ml) in serum from the exposed workers was significantly higher than that (2.41+/-0.08 x 10(-3) IU/ml) from the control group. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in semen volume, semen liquefaction time, luteinizing hormone (LH) level in serum, and Cr concentration in both serum and seminal plasma between the exposed workers and the control group. Feeding Cr(VI) to rats significantly reduced the epididymal sperm counts from 87.40+/-3.85 x 10(6)/g epididymis in control group to 21.40+/-1.20 x 10(6)/g epididymis at a CrO(3) dose of 10 mg/kg body weight and to 17.48+/-1.04 x 10(6)/g epididymis at a CrO(3) dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. Exposure of rats to Cr(VI) also significantly increased the sperm abnormality from 2.75+/-0.06% in the control group to 6.68+/-0.32% in the exposed group at a CrO(3) dose of 10 mg/kg body and to 7.6+/-0.15% at a CrO(3) dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. In exposed rats, there was visible disruption in germ cell arrangement near the walls of the seminiferous tubules. The diameters of seminiferous tubules in exposed rats were smaller. These results suggest that occupational exposure to chromium(VI) leads to alteration of semen status and may affect the reproductive success of exposed workers.     

Assessment of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid as a biomarker of exposure to benzene

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of trans, trans-muconic acid as a biomarker of occupational exposure to benzene. METHODS: Trans, trans-muconic acid in urine samples of exposed (exposed group, n=36) and non-exposed (non-exposed group, n=116) workers to benzene. Urinary levels of trans, trans-muconic acid were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The study sample consisted of subjects exposed to benzene in an oil refinery in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Non-parametric statistical analysis was carried out using Kruskall-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation at p<0.05. RESULTS: Workers were exposed on average to benzene levels of 0.15 +/- 0.05 mg/m3 (0.05 ppm) and they showed a urinary trans, trans-muconic acid mean value of 0.19 +/- 0.04 mg/g of creatinine. The reference value range of trans, trans-muconic acid in non-exposed subjects was 0.03 to 0.26 mg/g of creatinine (mean 0.10 +/- 0.08 mg/g of creatinine). There was seen a statistical difference between trans, trans-muconic acid levels in urine samples from exposed and non-exposed groups. There was no correlation between urinary trans, trans-muconic acid and air benzene levels. There was no correlation between urinary trans, trans-muconic acid levels in the exposed group and smoking. Alcohol consumption up to 48 hours before sampling procedure showed no effect on trans, trans-muconic acid levels in both exposed and non-exposed groups. There was however a correlation between age (range 18 to 25 years) and urinary metabolite levels in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that it is important to evaluate the effect of age and smoking habits on urinary trans, trans-muconic acid levels.     

Effect of benzene, toluene, xylene on the semen quality and the function of accessory gonad of exposed workers

The effects on semen and the function of accessory gonad of workers after short and long term exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylene were examined. The semen and blood of 24 married workers exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene were collected. Routine sperm characteristic, acrosin activity, and Lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) relative activity were detected. The results showed that benzene, toluene, and xylene were found in the blood and semen of some ex-workers at workplaces where the air concentration of benzene, toluene, and xylene exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). No such solvents were detected in the blood and semen of workers of the control group. The sperm vitality and sperm motility decreased in the exposed workers. The mean acrosin activity, gamma-GT activity and LDH-C4 relative activity in the exposed workers were lower, and fructose concentration was higher than those in the control. There were negative correlations between sperm vitality, sperm activity, acrosin activity, or LDH-C4 relative activity and working history. These results suggest that the mixture of these solvents could affect the sperm and the function of accessory gonad. This might be one reason of the abnormal pregnancy outcome among the wives of workers exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene.     

SPERM CHROMOSOME ANEUPLOIDY AS RELATED TO MALE FACTOR INFERTILITY AND SOME ULTRASTRUCTURE DEFECTS

Some men have elevated levels of sperm chromosome aneuploidy. In this study, we have evaluated and summarized sperm aneuploidy rates in male infertility patients and control groups. The mean aneuploidy rate for five chromosomes (X, Y, 13, 18, 21) was 1.2 ± 0.1 for fertile controls, 1.4 ± 0.1 for a general population control group, and 5.8 ± 1.14 for the patients. When the patients were classified by the type of male factor infertility, the total aneuploidy rate was 2.6 ± 0.3 in men with moderately diminished semen quality (n = 7), 4.0 ± 0.3 patients with severe teratoasthenooligozoospermia, and 15.9 ± 3.8 for men with rare ultrastructure defects such as round head only syndrome or severe tail agenesis. Some infertility patients have a severely elevated level of sperm chromosome aneuploidy, which may contribute to infertility or diminish the likelihood of a successful outcome from IVF/ICSI. The severity of sperm chromosome aneuploidy appears to be proportional to the severity of abnormal semen quality: in particular, abnormal morphology. The high rates of aneuploidy in patients with severe ultrastructure defects suggest that caution should be employed in counseling those patients prior to IVF/ICSI.     

低浓度混苯对女工生殖激素分泌的影响

目的：探讨低浓度混苯作业对女工月经周期生殖激素分泌的影响。方法：对50名暴露组女工采用气相色谱法测定呼吸带空气中的苯、甲苯和二甲苯的浓度,对暴露组女人及外对照组和内对照组女工各35月进行月经 周期特征前瞻性调查,用酶免疫分析法测定尿液中的孕二醇－3－葡糖苷酸（PdG)、雌酮结合物（E1C）和卵泡刺激素（FSH）。结果：空气中混苯以低浓度苯为主,苯检出率29．10％、浓度8．88（0．90－876．47）mg/m^3、超标率21％、最大超标倍数20．91倍;与内对照组和外对照组相比,低浓度浊苯接触组女工黄体期长度缩短,与内对照组相比,暴露组的排卵前E1C水平、卵泡早期FSH水平以及卵泡早期和黄体期PdG水平明显降低,结论：低浓度混苯可以干扰接触女工下丘脑－垂体－卵巢轴中FSH、雌激素和孕激素的正常水平。