地方性氟中毒患者红细胞膜蛋白组分的分析

目的　探讨饮水型地方性氟中毒患者红细胞膜蛋白组分的改变。方法　以轻重病区及改水区的氟中毒患者为观察对象。轻、重病区的平均水氟浓度为 2 .0 7、4.6 6 m g/L ,阴性对照区与改水区的平均水氟浓度 <1.0 m g/L。聚丙烯酰氨凝胶梯度电泳分析膜蛋白组分。结果　轻病区患者的红细胞相对分子质量在 49× 10 3～ 85× 10 3之间的膜蛋白含量百分比明显高于对照组 ( P <0 .0 5 )。重病区与对照区存在差异趋势。单纯改水 5年其组分改变仍没有完全恢复至正常。结论　氟对地方性氟中毒患者红细胞膜蛋白有毒作用 ,使其蛋白组分改变 ,这其中巯基 ( - SH)可能起重要的作用。     

吉林省乾安县地方性氟中毒病情调查结果分析

目的了解乾安县地方性氟中毒病情现状，40年防治效果及防治过程中存在的问题，为调整防治对策，提高防治水平提供科学依据。方法以分层抽样的方法，在乾安地方性氟中毒轻、中、重病区和非病区选取全县人口10％的居民，调查其饮水氟含量，儿童氟斑牙患病率和尿氟排泄量，残废型氟骨症患病率。以及这个县的改水率，防氟井管理使用情况。结果共调查20个村(屯)，其中氟中毒病区12个，非病区8个。轻、中病区和非病区饮水氟含量均值不超过1．0mg/L。重病区不仅饮水氟含量超标，波动范围大，而且个别防氟井的水氟含量高达6．5mg／L。全县改水率78．6％。有17眼防氟井因管理、使用、维护不善等原因不能正常使用。报废井占全县建防氟井数的7．9％。轻、中、重病区氟斑牙患病率分别为32．1％、45．9％和61．3％，缺损型氟斑牙患病为7．5％。而非病区氟斑牙患病率仅9．2％。轻、中、重病区儿童尿氟排泄量在1．0mg／L以上，重病区高达3．36mg／L。非病区则在1．0mg／L以下。1964～1990年，地方性氟中毒病情呈下降趋势，但1995年病情又有回升。结论40年的防治取得了显著效果。地方性氟中毒严重流行趋势已得到遏制。但重、中病区的改水尚未完成。防氟井在建、管、用方面仍存在问题。致使氟中毒病情有所回升。这是当前地方性氟中毒防治工作中值得重视的问题。     

吉林省2001～2005年地方性氟中毒监测结果分析

目的系统地掌握全省地方性氟中毒防治现状，为防治工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，在全省14个病区县的轻、中、重病区抽取有代表性的屯作为监测点；用氟离子电极法检测监测点居民水氟含量和8～12岁儿童尿氟；采用Dean氏法调查监测点8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率。结果改水监测点8～12岁儿童氟斑牙平均检出率达到病区控制标准。有13个改水监测点儿童尿氟达到≤1．5mg／L的控制标准。改水病区氟骨症患病率明显低于未改水病区（X^2=119．61，P〈0．05）。结论改水病区8～12岁儿童的氟斑牙检出率、平均尿氟水平及成人氟骨症患病率均得到较好控制，未改水病区氟中毒病情仍较严重，需加大改水力度，控制氟源，预防地方性氟中毒的发生发展。     

五华县地方性氟中毒病情现状调查分析

目的掌握五华县地方性氟中毒的病情现状，为今后预防地方性氟中毒提供科学依据。方法在19个病区村中随机抽取9个，采用分层整群抽样方法，对轻、中、重病区分别随机抽取各3个病区村为调查点。调查8-12岁儿童氟斑牙、成人氟骨症患病情况；检测饮水氟含量、8～12岁儿童尿氟含量；调查改水情况。结果8～12岁儿童的氟斑牙总患病率为18．03％，未检出重度氟骨症患者；饮水氟平均浓度为0．54mg／L；8～12岁儿童尿氟含量的几何均值为1．02mg／L；调查点总改水率100％。结论五华县地方性氟毒病情基本得到控制，原有氟中毒患者病情逐渐减轻的趋势，个别病区村的改水设施需要进一步加强管理。     

地方性氟中毒患者红细胞形态的电子显微镜观察

目的观察地方性氟中毒患者红细胞形态电子显微镜(电镜)下的改变。方法电镜扫描红细胞形态,氟离子选择电极法测定水氟和尿氟。结果病区患者红细胞的形态发生明显的改变,多数红细胞有异常突起,棘状红细胞增多,甚至有碎片出现,细胞聚集现象严重。对照区、轻病区和重病区患者红细胞变形率依次增高(7.9!.3P.3%),组间具有明显差异(P<0.01)。改水区患者的红细胞变形率(22.2%)与重病区相比有明显下降(P<0.01),与轻病区比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05),但仍然高于对照区(P<0.01)。结论病区患者红细胞的形态发生明显的改变,变形率随体内氟负荷的增加而增高。改水5年后,仍不能恢复至正常形态。     

蒲城县饮水型地方性氟中毒病情调查

目的为制定我国21世纪饮水型氟中毒防治策略和陕西省长远防制规划提供科学依据。方法采用随机分层抽样法，在非、轻、中、重病区按总人口的10％各抽取1个调查点，分别调查8～12岁儿童氟斑牙、成人重度氟骨症患病情况；检测水氟含量、儿童尿氟含量以及改水情况。结果未改水与改水病区水氟含量差异有显著意义，改水后各病区8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率显著下降，改水越早下降幅度越大。而未改水病区8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率居高不下，并有上升趋势。结论饮水型氟中毒病区改水对降低氟斑牙患病率和减轻氟骨症患者病情有显著效果。     

河北省地方性氟中毒重病区地方性氟中毒流行状况抽样调查

河北省为饮水型地方性氟中毒重病区之一，根据2001年统计，全省174个县（区、市）中126个为病区县，有8889个病区村，其中重病区村851个、中病区村3080个、轻病区村4958个。病区总人口930．87万人，占全省总人口的13．96％。各级政府历来对防治地方性氟中毒工作十分重视，自70年代末就开始进行改水降氟防治地方性氟中毒，多年来始终坚持“先重后轻、建管并重和国家、地方、群众三集资”原则，经过20多年不懈努力，取得了明显成效。为掌握目前地方性氟中毒重病区的病情状况，全省开展了饮水型地方性氟中毒重点调查，考虑到居民饮水氟含量和儿童尿氟含量分布的不确定性，笔者用中位数和含氟量的合格率等指标对调查结果进行分析。     

吉林省地方性氟中毒重点病区调查结果分析

目的 掌握吉林省地方性氟中毒病情现状，为今后地方性氟中毒防治提供科学依据。方法 在3个重点病区县中，按非、轻、中、重病区总人口的10％抽取调查点，调查8～12岁儿童氟斑牙、成人重度氟骨症患病情况；检测饮水氟含量、8—12岁儿童尿氟含量；调查改水情况。结果 8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率为45．23％，未查出重度氟骨症患；水氟含量的中位数为1．49mg／L，8～12岁儿童尿氟含量的中位数为1．57mg／L；病区改水率为33．21％，使用率为67．34％。结论 吉林省地方性氟中毒病情有转轻的趋势，防氟改水工作需进一步加强。     

氟骨症患儿血锌铁钙镁铜磷水平测定

目的了解贵州省织金县燃煤型氟中毒重病区儿童血液中锌、铁、钙、镁、铜、磷的变化情况。方法对织金县燃煤型氟中毒重病区5所小学6—15岁在校学生氟骨症患儿112例（病例组）、轻病区无氟骨症儿童92例（轻病区对照组），非病区儿童20例（健康对照组）进行血液中锌、铁、钙、镁、铜、磷及尿氟测定，并进行比较分析。结果病例组体内微量元素（锌、铁、钙、镁、铜）低于健康对照组（P〈0．05）；轻病区对照组介于病例组和健康对照组之间。重病区病例组儿童尿氟高于健康对照组，轻病区对照组介于病例组和健康对照组之间，但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。病例组血磷高于健康对照组（P〈0．05）。结论高氟摄入可引起体内血锌、铁、钙、镁、铜的降低，血磷升高，同时使骨骼发生病变，严重影响儿童的生长发育。     

宁夏盐池县降氟改水工程运行现状调查

宁夏自治区盐池县20世纪80年代的流行病学调查资料显示，全县有80个地方性氟中毒病区（以行政村为单位），其中轻病区5个，分布于4个乡；中病区25个，分布于9个乡；重病区50个，分布于12个乡。自1980年病区落实降氟改水措施以来．截至2006年底．全县已完成91.3％病区降氟改水任务，受益人口约9．9万人。为了系统了解和掌握盐池县降氟改水工程使用情况及水氟回升情况，对已建的46处降氟改水工程进行了调查．现将结果报道如下。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.     

Echocardiography in the Emergency Department: From the Perspective of the Emergency Physician and the Cardiologist

Echocardiography performed in the emergency department must adapt to this new setting for noninvasive diagnostic testing. Emergency physicians require echocardiography to provide rapid diagnosis in life-threatening emergencies. New initiatives are being proposed by emergency physicians in the delivery of this test. Cardiologists now use echocardiography in the emergency-department to make the diagnosis of heart disease earlier and with greater accuracy.