320排动态容积CT对婴幼儿复杂型先天性心脏病的应用价值

目的 探讨320排动态容积CT对婴幼儿复杂型先天性心脏病的临床应用价值。方法 应用320排动态容积CT心电门控全心容积式扫描方法对37例1个月~3岁复杂型先天性心脏病患儿进行检查。按照节段分析的方法和思路,运用不同的后处理重建方法(包括VR、MIP及CMPR)充分显示其解剖畸形,并计算有效辐射剂量(ED)。结果 37例患儿中共检出各类畸形204处,其中16例并发肺动脉高压,1例并发脐疝,10例发现单侧或双侧肺部病变,包括肺6例实变、2例支气管狭窄闭塞、1例肺发育不良和1例支气管开口异常。平均ED为(1.17±0.63)mSv。结论 320排CT的容积式扫描速度快、曝光时间短,能有效减少辐射剂量;一次容积扫描即可覆盖婴幼儿整个心脏和胸部大血管,清晰显示先天性心脏病的解剖畸形。     

Patient-related factors influencing detectability of coronary arteries in 320-row CT angiography in infants with complex congenital heart disease

To investigate the performance of second-generation 320-row computed tomographic (CT) angiography (CTA) in detecting coronary arteries and identify factors influencing visibility of the coronary arteries in infants with complex congenital heart disease (CHD). Data of 60 infants (aged 0–2 years, median 2 months) with complex CHD who underwent examination using 320-row CTA with low-dose prospective electrocardiogram-triggered volume target scanning were reviewed. The coronary arteries of each infant were assessed using a 0–4-point scoring system based on the number of coronary segments with a visible course. Clinical parameters, the CT value in the ascending aorta, image noise, and the radiation dose were subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses. The mean coronary score for all examinations was 2.6?±?1.5 points. The mean attenuation in the ascending aorta was 306.7?±?66.2 HU and the mean standard deviation was 21.7?±?4.4. The mean effective radiation dose was 1.27?±?0.39 mSv. Multivariate regression analysis showed significant correlations between coronary score and body weight (p?<?0.05) and between coronary score and the CT value in the ascending aorta (p?<?0.02). Second-generation 320-row CTA with prospective electrocardiogram-triggered volume target scanning and hybrid iterative reconstruction allows good visibility of the coronary arteries in infants with complex CHD. Body weight and the CT value in the ascending aorta are important factors influencing the visibility of the coronary arteries in infants.     

Giant aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum extending outside the heart: diagnosis by transthoracic color flow Doppler echocardiography.

Aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum (AMS) is a congenital cardiac anomaly often associated with ventricular septal defect. This aneurysm usually pouches into the right side of the heart and remains intracardiac. An AMS that extends outside of the heart is rare. We report an unusual case of a giant extracardiac AMS diagnosed by transthoracic color flow Doppler echocardiography.     

儿童先天性心脏病的MRI和多层CT诊断

目的：评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)和磁共振成像(MRI)对儿童先天性心脏病的诊断价值和优缺点。方法：用4排MSCT和1．5T MRI做儿童先天性心脏病检查。结果：对于心内结构异常MRI诊断符合率为85．6％(214／250)，MSCT为90．5％(38／42)。对于心外大血管异常诊断符合率MRI为96．5％(193／200)，MSCT为91.2％(31／34)。结论：MRI和MSCT对儿童先天性心脏病。特别是伴有心外大血管异常的先心病，复杂先心病和手术后先心病的诊断有很高的价值。     

肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉的超声心动图诊断价值及漏误诊分析

目的探讨经胸超声心动图(TTE)在肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉(AOPA)的术前诊断价值及术后随访价值。方法回顾性分析我院经CTA或手术证实的17例AOPA患者的术前TTE表现特点及术后随访情况。结果 17例AOPA患者中,右肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉者13例,左肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉者4例;近端型14例,伴有其他心脏畸形者7例;术前超声漏诊2例(1例为AOPA合并主肺动脉间隔缺损,1例为AOPA合并法洛四联症)。15例包含术前漏诊1例行外科手术治疗,效果良好,术后超声心动图评估显示肺动脉吻合口通畅及肺动脉分支无明显狭窄,肺动脉压力明显下降;另2例包含术前漏诊1例成人患者因重度肺动脉高压未行手术治疗。结论 TTE能够清楚显示异常起源的肺动脉并评价其血流及肺动脉压力情况,在AOPA术前诊断及术后随访中起重要作用。     

320排容积CT检查对冠脉支架植入术后患者支架内再狭窄的评价

目的 探讨320排容积CT对冠脉内支架植入术后忠者支架内再狄窄的评估价值.方法 对81例冠心病经皮冠脉介入治疗术后患者的临床资料进行观察分析,以冠脉造影结果为金标准,计算320排容积CT对诊断支架内再狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值.结果 320排容积CT对支架内再狭窄诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为94.87%、98.1%、92.5%、98.73%.结论 320排容积CT对支架内再狭窄的诊断有较高的阳性预测值,可以用于冠状动脉支架植入术后对冠脉支架的随访.     

CT findings of an intracardiac bronchogenic cyst

Bronchogenic cysts are classified as congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformations. It is very rare for bronchogenic cysts to occur within the heart. A 59-year-old woman had a cardiac mass which was detected incidentally during a CT examination. The lesion was a hypoechoic mass with internal echoes on transthoracic echocardiography, and a well-defined hyperdense mass within an interatrial septum with poor enhancement on electrocardiography (ECG)-gated cardiac CT. The lesion was diagnosed as a bronchogenic cyst in the interatrial septum after surgical excision.     

产前超声三血管多切面和主动脉冠状及矢状切面诊断胎儿先天性血管环

目的 观察产前超声三血管多切面和主动脉冠状及矢状切面诊断胎儿先天性血管环的价值。方法 回顾性分析42胎经产前超声诊断的先天性血管环胎儿,于超声三血管多切面、主动脉冠状及矢状切面观察上腔静脉、主动脉弓、肺动脉及动脉导管与气管的位置关系等,并结合产后随访结果分析各切面用于诊断胎儿先天性血管环的价值。结果 42胎中,19胎为右位主动脉弓,其中16胎为右位主动脉弓+迷走左锁骨下动脉+左侧动脉导管,3胎为右位主动脉弓伴镜像分支+左侧动脉导管;17胎为左位主动脉弓伴迷走右锁骨下动脉;3胎为双主动脉弓,其中2胎为右弓优势型、1胎为均衡型;3胎为肺动脉吊带。15胎合并心内畸形。8名孕妇因胎儿染色体异常终止妊娠,9名孕妇于外院分娩而失访;25例新生儿超声心动图或CTA所见均与产前检查结果相符。结论 产前超声三血管多切面结合主动脉冠状及矢状切面有助于检出胎儿先天性血管环。     

多平面经胸动态三维超声心动图对先天性心脏病的研究

目的 探讨多平面经胸动态三维超声心动图对先天性心脏病的诊断价值。方法 对３２例先天性心脏病患者进行多平面经胸动态三维超声心动图检查,部分患者与手术结果对照。结果 ３２例患者中有３０例获得了满意的三维图像,其中１６例接受手术的患者,动态三维超声心动图的诊断与手术发现相符合。结论 多平面经胸动态三维超声心动图为先天性心脏病的定性及定量诊断提供了可靠的新方法。     

Prospective ECG-gated 320 row detector computed tomography: implications for CT angiography and perfusion imaging

Cardiac multidetector computed tomography has evolved from early four detector systems that first demonstrated the feasibility of non-invasive angiography to today’s wide-area detector computed tomography systems, such as 320-row detector computed tomography. As detector arrays have widened, there have been great improvements in image quality that have improved test accuracy. In addition, wider detector arrays have allowed for the application of prospective ECG-gating for CT angiography, although the current 64-row detector systems have some limitations. 320-row detector computed tomography with full cardiac coverage allows for cardiac imaging in a single heart beat. This technology has realized some of the great advantages provided by full cardiac coverage in regards to image quality (elimination of step artifacts and variation in contrast enhancement), patient safety (reductions in overall radiation and contrast dose), and the prospects for combined CT angiography and myocardial perfusion imaging are very promising. We will review the technical aspects of 320-row detector computed tomography and their implications for coronary angiography and perfusion imaging.     

Prospective ECG-gated 320 row detector computed tomography: implications for CT angiography and perfusion imaging

Cardiac multidetector computed tomography has evolved from early four detector systems that first demonstrated the feasibility of non-invasive angiography to today’s wide-area detector computed tomography systems, such as 320-row detector computed tomography. As detector arrays have widened, there have been great improvements in image quality that have improved test accuracy. In addition, wider detector arrays have allowed for the application of prospective ECG-gating for CT angiography, although the current 64-row detector systems have some limitations. 320-row detector computed tomography with full cardiac coverage allows for cardiac imaging in a single heart beat. This technology has realized some of the great advantages provided by full cardiac coverage in regards to image quality (elimination of step artifacts and variation in contrast enhancement), patient safety (reductions in overall radiation and contrast dose), and the prospects for combined CT angiography and myocardial perfusion imaging are very promising. We will review the technical aspects of 320-row detector computed tomography and their implications for coronary angiography and perfusion imaging.     

超声心动图和螺旋CT诊断复杂型先天性心脏病的对比分析

目的 探讨超声心动图和螺旋CT在复杂型先天性心脏病诊断中的价值.方法 对97例经临床及经胸超声心动图(TTE)诊断为复杂型先心病的患者进行64排螺旋CT检查,与导管法心血管造影检查和手术结果进行对照.结果 97例患者中,TTE诊断符合率90.2%,螺旋CT诊断符合率92.5%,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.1);TTE对心内畸形的诊断准确率为99.2%,高于螺旋CT的87.5%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.005);而螺旋CT对心外及大血管与房室连接的诊断准确率为99.0%,优于TTE的78.6%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.005).TTE与螺旋CT两者结合,可将诊断准确率提高为99.1%.结论 TTE对复杂型先天性心脏病有重要的诊断价值,尤其对心内畸形诊断准确率高,而螺旋CT对心外及大血管与房室连接关系诊断准确率较高.将TTE和螺旋CT相结合,可大大提高对各种复杂先心病的诊断准确率.     

超声心动图和螺旋CT诊断复杂型先天性心脏病的对比分析

目的 探讨超声心动图和螺旋CT在复杂型先天性心脏病诊断中的价值.方法 对97例经临床及经胸超声心动图(TTE)诊断为复杂型先心病的患者进行64排螺旋CT检查,与导管法心血管造影检查和手术结果进行对照.结果 97例患者中,TTE诊断符合率90.2%,螺旋CT诊断符合率92.5%,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.1);TTE对心内畸形的诊断准确率为99.2%,高于螺旋CT的87.5%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.005);而螺旋CT对心外及大血管与房室连接的诊断准确率为99.0%,优于TTE的78.6%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.005).TTE与螺旋CT两者结合,可将诊断准确率提高为99.1%.结论 TTE对复杂型先天性心脏病有重要的诊断价值,尤其对心内畸形诊断准确率高,而螺旋CT对心外及大血管与房室连接关系诊断准确率较高.将TTE和螺旋CT相结合,可大大提高对各种复杂先心病的诊断准确率.     

胎儿超声心动图显像在先天性心脏畸形筛查中的应用

目的探讨胎儿超声心动图联合传统彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)在筛查先天性心脏畸形中的应用。方法选择2013年4月至2018年4月于陕西省榆林市榆阳区妇幼保健院接受产前检查的100例妊娠大于18周且具有高危倾向的孕产妇为研究对象,分别对其实施胎儿超声心动图及CDFI检测,评估两种检测方式在先天性心脏畸形中的筛查效果。结果经上级医院复查或产后检测发现,100例孕产妇中有32例胎儿存在先天性心脏畸形,以此为金标准,超声心动图对先天性心脏畸形检测的一致性为84.00%,灵敏度为62.50%,特异度为94.12%,阳性预测值为83.33%,阴性预测值为84.21%;CDFI对先天性心脏畸形检测的一致性为88.00%,灵敏度为71.88%,特异度为95.59%,阳性预测值为88.46%,阴性预测值为86.67%;超声心动图联合CDFI对先天性心脏畸形检测的一致性为97.00%,灵敏度为93.75%,特异度为98.53%,阳性预测值为96.77%,阴性预测值为97.10%;超声心动图及CDFI对先天性心脏畸形筛查的一致性、灵敏度、特异度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而超声心动图与CDFI联合检测的一致性、灵敏度、特异度明显优于超声心动图及CDFI单独检测(P<0.05)。结论超声心动图联合CDFI在筛查先天性心脏畸形中具有较好的应用效果,能够为围生期正确处理提供重要的指导作用。     

超声心动图结合Flash CT对肺静脉畸形引流的诊断价值

目的评价超声心动图结合Flash CT对肺静脉畸形引流（APVC）的诊断价值。 方法2011年9月至2015年5月郑州大学第一附属医院收治行心脏畸形矫治的各种不同类型的APVC患者71例。所有患者均经手术确诊。包括完全性肺静脉畸形引流（TAPVC）患者44例,部分性肺静脉畸形引流（PAPVC）患者27例。所有患者术前均行超声心动图与Flash CT检查。记录所有病例的CT剂量指数和剂量长度乘积（DLP）,计算有效辐射剂量（ED）。采用Fisher确切概率法比较超声心动图与Flash CT对TAPVC/PAPVC分型、TAPVC/PAPVC合并畸形的诊断准确率差异。 结果超声心动图与Flash CT对TAPVC分型的诊断准确率分别为86.4%（38/44）和97.7%（43/44）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。超声心动图与Flash CT对TAPVC合并畸形的诊断准确率分别为100%（62/62）和95.2%（59/62）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Flash CT对PAPVC分型的诊断准确率为96.3%（26/27）,高于超声心动图对PAPVC分型的诊断准确率74.1%（20/27）,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。超声心动图对PAPVC合并畸形的诊断准确率为97.7%（43/44）,高于Flash CT对PAPVC合并畸形的诊断准确率72.3%（34/44）,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。71例APVC患者的辐射剂量：平均DLP为（13.5±3.9） mGy ? cm,平均ED值为（0.324±0.065）mSv。 结论超声心动图是诊断APVC传统的可靠方法,尤其对瓣膜病变、肺动脉压力及心功能可以做出全面评价。Flash CT大螺距扫描技术对心脏周围血管畸形的诊断具有独特的优势,在不影响诊断准确率的前提下,大大减少了射线的辐射剂量,尤其对于PAPVC患者,Flash CT诊断准确率要高于超声心动图,对超声心动图起到了很好的补充诊断作用。     

Diagnostic accuracy of 320-row computed tomography as compared with invasive coronary angiography in unselected, consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease

Noninvasive coronary angiography with multislice computed tomography (CT) scanners is feasible with high sensitivity and negative predictive value. The radiation exposure associated with this technique, however, is high and concerns in the widespread use of CT have arisen. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of coronary angiography using 320-row CT, which avoids exposure-intensive overscanning and overranging. We prospectively studied 118 unselected consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) referred for invasive coronary angiography (ICA). All patients had 320-row CT within 1 week of ICA, which, together with quantitative analysis, served as the reference standard. Of the 65 out of 118 patients who were diagnosed as having CAD by ICA, 64 (98 %) were correctly identified at 320-row CT. Noteworthy, 320-row CT correctly detected CAD in 3 patients with atrial fibrillation and ruled out the disease in the other 8 patients. From 151 significant coronary stenoses detected on ICA, 137 (91 %) were correctly identified with 320-row CT. In the per-patient analysis, sensitivity and specificity of 320-row CT were 98 and 91 %, respectively. In the per-vessel analysis, sensitivity and specificity of 320-row CT were 93 and 95 %, respectively. In the per segment analysis, sensitivity and specificity of 320-row CT were 91 and 99 %, respectively. Diameter stenosis determined with the use of CT showed good correlation with ICA (P < 0.001, R = 0.81) without significant underestimation or overestimation (?3.1 ± 24.4 %; P = 0.08). Comparison of CT with ICA revealed a significantly smaller effective radiation dose (3.1 ± 2.3 vs. 6.5 ± 4.2 mSv; P < 0.05) and amount of contrast agent required (99 ± 51 vs. 65 ± 42 ml, P < 0.05) for 320 row CT. The present study in an unselected population including patients with atrial fibrillation demonstrates that 320-row CT may significantly reduce the radiation dose and amount of contrast agent required compared with ICA while maintaining a very high diagnostic accuracy.     

经胸超声心动图和多层螺旋CT血管造影诊断法洛四联症的对照研究

目的探讨经胸超声心动图（TTE）和多层螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）在诊断法洛四联症中的价值。方法回顾性分析56例法洛四联症患者的TTE和CTA结果,并与外科手术结果进行对照,比较TTE和CTA检查对法洛四联症各种畸形诊断中的准确性。结果TTE在法洛四联症心内畸形（室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨等）的诊断中准确性高于CTA,而CTA在心外畸形（如肺动脉发育异常）的诊断中,准确性明显高于TTE。结论1TrE和CTA在法洛四联症诊断中均具有重要价值,两者各有其优势,临床医生应充分认识到两种检查方法的优缺点,结合两种诊断方法,作出全面、准确的诊断。     

胎儿超声心动图对肺血少之右心系统阻塞性心脏畸形的诊断价值

目的探讨胎儿超声心动图对肺血少之右心系统阻塞性心脏畸形的诊断价值。方法回顾2017年3月~2020年3月本院孕20~28周有高危倾向或自愿要求行胎儿超声心动图检查的1036例孕妇，获取并分析胎儿心脏位置、各节段图像及合并畸形情况，相关统计学资料分析超声心动图检查准确度。结果1036例孕妇中检出右位心胎儿86例，86例右位心中镜像心39例（45.35%）、右旋心37例（43.02%）、右房异构4例（4.65%）、左房异构6例（6.98%）。超声心动图对心脏各节段、心室与大动脉连接有诊断意义（P < 0.05），与心血管造影诊断一致性强（Kappa > 0.5）。右旋心和右镜心存在肺动脉狭窄或闭锁者相比，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；超声心动图对心脏合并畸形诊断的敏感度95.00%（76/80）、特异性83.33%（5/6）、准确性94.19%（81/86），超声心动图与心血管造影一致性强（Kappa=0.503）。结论右心系统阻塞性心脏畸形各节段均可出现异常，多合并复杂的肺血少异常情况，超声心动图更直观、全面观察心脏解剖学及血流动力学变化，对判断合并肺血少的复杂畸形具有较高诊断价值。      

四腔心切面联合三血管气管切面彩色多普勒超声在孕11~13+6周胎儿严重先天性心脏畸形筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨四腔心切面联合三血管气管切面彩色多普勒超声在孕11~13⁺⁶周胎儿严重先天性心脏畸形筛查中的应用价值。 方法选择2018年1月至12月在四川省妇幼保健院行孕期检查的9756例孕妇,分别于孕 11~13⁺⁶周及孕16~24周进行胎儿心脏超声检查。采用四腔心切面联合三血管气管切面彩色多普勒超声对孕11~13⁺⁶周胎儿筛查心脏畸形,采用标准化胎儿超声心动图筛查孕16~24周胎儿心脏畸形,并对分娩后所有新生儿及引产胎儿进行随访。 结果9756例胎儿孕11~13⁺⁶周超声筛查发现心脏畸形38例（51.4%,38/74）,其中非严重心脏畸形5例（14.2%,5/35）,严重心脏畸形33例（84.6%,33/39）。出生或引产后诊断先天性心脏畸形74例,其中严重先天性心脏畸形39例,非严重心脏畸形35例。 结论运用四腔心切面联合三血管气管切面彩色多普勒超声能筛查出大部分严重胎儿心脏畸形,可为临床咨询、预后提供及时有力的证据。     

超声监测筛查胎儿先天性心脏畸形

目的 探讨超声监测筛查胎儿先天性心脏畸形的可行性及临床应用价值。方法 对常规产前超声检查在胎心四腔观中疑有异常，临床发现胎儿心律不齐，以及母体有高危因素共20例行超声心动图检查。以观察胎儿四腔观为基础，酌情增加长轴、短轴、主动脉弓等切面观，并适当配合彩色多普勒及脉冲多普勒超声检查。结果 超声检查发现的20例先天性心脏异常中，17例先天性心脏病，其中1例右位心并完全性内脏转位，1例为单纯性室内隔缺损（生后证实其染色体为21三体），15例复杂性先天性心脏病；3例心脏肿瘤，其中2例为室间隔横纹肌瘤，1例为心室壁横纹肌瘤。20例心脏异常病例中4例同时合并其他器官结构异常，7例右位心及不同程度内脏转位，8例脐动脉A/B值异常，4例心律紊乱。结论 产前超声筛查胎儿先天性心脏畸形切实可行。对有高危因素、胎儿心律失常及其他内脏畸形者，应重点行超声心动图检查。