围手术期抗菌药物预防性应用的调查

目的:调查分析围手术期抗菌药物的预防性应用及费用的合理性。方法:收集2005年10月1-31日某医院83例外科手术患者的病历资料,对抗菌药物的应用和费用进行分析。结果:抗菌药物不合理的预防性应用主要为用药天数>2d(80/83,96.4%),未在术前2h时内给药(79/83,95.2%),药物品种选用不当(54/83,65.1%);其次为药物的联用、剂量、稀释不当以及对药敏试验重视不够。调查显示,抗菌药物使用率偏高(100%),但抗菌药物的费用合理,占总费用的21.9%。结论:由于围手术期抗菌药物的预防性应用中存在一些不适当的情况,故应加强贯彻落实“抗菌药物临床应用指导原则”,以利于抗菌药物的合理应用。     

Appropriateness of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis for breast surgery procedures

Background Guidelines for the appropriate use of antibiotic prophylaxis are provided in the Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotics (eTG) in Australia. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is problematic. Objective To examine adherence with therapeutic guidelines (eTG) in breast surgery and trends in non-adherence dependent on the type of breast surgery performed. Setting Major Western Australian teaching hospital. Method A retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed a random sample of 150 from 1049 eligible medical records of patients who underwent a breast surgical procedure in 2013 or 2014. Main outcome measure Adherence to the eTG. Results Antibiotic prophylaxis was prescribed for 139 (92.7%) operations. Adherence to the eTG occurred in 20 (13.3%) operations, whilst 11 (7.3%) did not adhere to any element of the eTG. Appropriate timing was the main factor not adhered to. Postoperative antibiotics were prescribed following 35 (23.3%) operations, with 32 (91.4%) administered beyond 24 h. Length of stay was significantly different (p = 0.0036) between surgical groups. There was a tendency for risk of an infection to be decreased with adherence (odds ratio: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.05, 1.07; p = 0.06). Conclusion Adherence to the eTG was low (13.3%), despite a decreased risk of SSI when guidelines were followed.     

Clinical and microbiological effects of in vivo miocamycin therapy on oral infections and in surgical prophylaxis

Periodontal disease is a chronic irregularly progressing condition, posing many therapeutic problems. Difficulties arise particularly when antibiotic therapy is to be added to mechanical and surgical therapy because, in these cases, pharmacotherapy must be long-lasting. For such reasons the antibiotic of choice must have high activity but low toxicity, in order to avoid side-effects. Antibiotic therapy is also used in both marginal and apical acute phlogistic cases, so that the ideal compound should have high diffusion in gingival tissues and alveolar bone. Miocamycin shows all of these features and it can thus be considered the antibiotic of choice in the therapy of acute periodontal infections and in stomatological surgery. In this clinical study the efficacy of miocamycin has been evaluated in 120 cases of acute periodontal phlogosis and in the treatment of advanced periodontal diseases. Patients were microbiologically monitored for the identification of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria all through the study. In acute cases very good results were obtained, both concerning the reduction of pathological signs (94.1% of the cases) and the occurrence of side-effects (10% of the cases). Among the patients who underwent surgical therapy, only 11 out of 80 showed small problems (slight fever and swelling).     

Antimicrobial prophylaxis of gastrointestinal surgical procedures and treatment of intraabdominal infections

Antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment regimens ideally are selected on the basis of efficacy, safety, and cost. This review evaluates current, selected literature on antibiotic prophylaxis for colorectal surgery, presumptive antibiotic administration following penetrating abdominal trauma, and treatment of intraabdominal infections. Single-drug regimens with the newer, broad-spectrum agents are assessed and compared with combination regimens; specific regimens are recommended. Colorectal procedures require an antimicrobial agent with activity against both aerobes and anaerobes. Patients undergoing elective colorectal procedures can be adequately protected with an orally administered three-dose regimen of neomycin/erythromycin. Parenteral antibiotic administration is generally not necessary, but, cefoxitin is recommended for nonelective colorectal surgery. The risk of potential infectious complications following penetrating abdominal trauma without colonic perforation is less than with colonic perforation; however, antibiotic therapy that includes activity against aerobes and anaerobes is recommended for all types of penetrating abdominal trauma. Although cephalothin, cefamandole, or cefoxitin alone may be used in abdominal trauma without perforation of the colon, only cefoxitin is recommended as a single-drug alternative to the standard clindamycin/gentamicin regimen in trauma with colonic perforation. Single-drug therapy with cefoxitin or moxalactam can be used successfully as alternatives to the standard regimens of clindamycin/gentamicin or metronidazole/gentamicin in many patients with intraabdominal sepsis. Single-drug regimens reduce the risk of developing adverse effects and are cost-effective. However, if resistant organisms are suspected, or if the patient has been hospitalized for a prolonged period or has multiple organ failure, it may be necessary to supplement cefoxitin therapy with an antibiotic that will enhance coverage against gram-negative aerobes.     

两种手术方式治疗高血压脑出血患者的疗效观察

目的探讨小骨窗开颅显微术和微创颅内血肿消除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法将118例高血压脑出血患者随机分为小骨窗开颅显微术（对照组）和微创颅内血肿消除术（观察组）,每组各59例,对两组手术时间、术中出血、术后神经功能改善情况、日常生活活动能力恢复情况等进行比较。结果观察组优良率为57．63％,死亡率为6．78％;对照组优良率为44．07％,死亡率为10．17％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组手术时间（1．02±0．37）h,术中出血（48．51±5．08）ml,住院时间（10．08±1．65）,d,对照组手术时间（2．79±1．08）h,术中出血（187．23±11．87ml,住院时间（21．39±4．68）d,两组比较,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。观察组术后神经功能恢复及ADL能力恢复方面也优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论微创颅内血肿清除术的手术时间及住院时间短,术中出血少,术后神经功能及ADL能力恢复均优于小骨窗开颅显微术,值得临床大力推广应用。     

Physicochemical and microbiological properties of eye drops containing cefuroxime

The purpose of the studies was to examine the influence of the additives and storage temperature on physicochemical properties and on the antimicrobial activity of cefuroxime in the eye drops. The eye drops were 1% sterile aqueous solutions of cefuroxime in citrate buffer of pH 6.15-6.20, preserved with 0.002% thiomersal or 0.001% phenylmercuric borate with 0.4% beta-phenylethyl alcohol. Viscosity of the eye drops was increased using polyvinyl alcohol. The drops, protected from light, were stored at the temperature of 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C. As the criteria of the qualitative assessment of freshly prepared eye drops and during their storage, the following properties were considered: organoleptic analysis (color, clarity, and smell), sterility, pH, osmotic pressure, density, and viscosity, antimicrobial activity of cefuroxime and preservation efficiency of thiomersal and phenylmercuric borate in the eye drops. The storage temperature had a significant influence on the antimicrobial activity of the antibiotic in the eye drops. The antimicrobial activity of cefuroxime in the drops stored for 30 days at the temperature of 4 degrees C did not decrease. Thiomersal at the concentration over 0.003%, 0.005% benzalkonium chloride and 0.01% chlorhexidine diacetate were not compatible with cefuroxime in the drops.     

尿道下裂患儿不同手术方法的临床分析

目的:总结分析尿道下裂181例患儿不同手术方法的临床疗效及并发症发生率。方法:收集2000～2006年本院收治的181例尿道下裂患儿临床资料,分析不同部位、不同术式的临床疗效,统计尿道瘘及尿道狭窄的发生率及年龄段分布率。结果:181例患儿完全治愈147例(81.2%),发生尿道瘘17例(9.4%),尿道狭窄15例(8.3%)。尿道口前移加阴茎头成形术(MAGPI)患儿的尿道瘘、尿道狭窄发生率均为0,Mathieu法分别为5%和10%,Dennis-Brown法为20%和13.3%,膀胱黏膜法一期尿道成形术分别为14%和8.8%;尿道瘘和尿道狭窄发生率的年龄段分布无显著区别。结论:不同类型尿道下裂应采用不同的手术方式,尿道瘘和尿道狭窄是需要预防的重要术后并发症。     

单次静滴头孢呋辛在肾功能不全患者的药代动力学

目的 研究肾功能不全患者单次静滴头孢呋辛(抗生素)的药代动力学.方法 20名肾功能不全受试者按照CKD分期分成2组:CKD 1-3期组与CKD4-5期组,分别静脉滴注头孢呋辛1 000 mg后,采用高效液相色谱法,测定不同时刻血浆中头孢呋辛的血药浓度,用DAS 2.0版软件计算主要药代动力学参数.同时,测定不同时间段的尿药浓度,计算尿药累积排泄率.结果 2组受试者静脉滴头孢呋辛1 000 mg后,血浆中头孢呋辛的Cmax分别为(65.06±31.20),(79.33±10.75)μg·mL-1;t1/2分别为(2.42±0.87),(8.58±4.14)h;AUC(0-t)分别为(154.70±81.10),(446.43±95.37)μg·h·mL-1;AUC(0-∞)分别为(162.10±92.64),(798.65±362.83)μg·h·mL-1;CLz分别为(7.68±3.19),(1.45±0.52)mL·min-1;Vz分别为(24.53±9.71),(15.42±3.91)L.12 h尿药累积排泄率分别为(39.08±7.86)%,(16.67±5.57)%.结论 肾功能不全受试者静脉滴注头孢呋辛后,CKD 4-5期患者较CKD 1-3期,t1/2明显延长,AUC(0-t)及AUC(0-∞)明显增加;而CLz、Vz及12 h尿药累积排泄率均明显降低.     

不同手术方式治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效对比分析

目的 对比分析前路与后路手术方法治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效.方法 2006年6月-2010年6月间在我院进行手术治疗的不稳定型爆裂性骨折87例患者作为研究对象.按照手术方式分为后路手术组和前路手术组.分别从影像学和神经功能恢复状况两方面对治疗效果进行评价.结果 后路手术组患者的平均后凸角度由治疗前的(15.0±8.0)度降低为(4.0±2.0)度,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05),随访末角度丢失恢复至(12.0±8.0)度.前路手术组的平均后凸角度由术前的( 16.0±11.0)度降低为术后的(6.0±4.0)度,差异也具有显著性(P＜0.05),角度丢失不明显.前路手术患者的神经功能改善情况略好于后路手术患者.结论 前、后路手术各具特点,均具有良好的治疗效果,前路入路治疗没有明显的角度丢失,临床上应根据患者的实际状况制定手术方案.     

头孢呋辛钠与头孢呋辛钠复方制剂在Beagle犬体内的药动学考察

目的研究头孢呋辛钠舒巴坦钠复方制剂中头孢呋辛在Beagle犬体内的药动学行为,并比较单组分头孢呋辛与复方制剂中头孢呋辛的药动学差异。方法采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定Beagle犬静脉给予头孢呋辛钠复方制剂不同剂量和单独给予头孢呋辛钠后不同时刻血浆中头孢呋辛的浓度,计算主要药动学参数。结果犬静脉给予头孢呋辛钠复方制剂(等同于头孢呋辛57.0、142.6和356.5 mg.kg-1)3个剂量后,头孢呋辛的t1/2分别为(1.1±0.2)、(1.0±0.1)和(1.2±0.3)h;ke分别为(0.693±0.119)、(0.707±0.094)和(0.591±0.117)h-1;犬静脉给予头孢呋辛钠(等同于头孢呋辛57.0 mg.kg-1)后,头孢呋辛的t1/2和ke分别为(1.2±0.3)h和(0.615±0.133)h-1。结论 Beagle犬静脉给予头孢呋辛钠复方制剂低、中、高3种剂量后,头孢呋辛呈线性动力学特征,且复方制剂与单一制剂中头孢呋辛的药动学行为无显著差异。     

Laboratory and clinical study of therapeutic efficacy of medicinal films for surgical procedures

An analysis of the experimental data showed that anesthetic medicinal films (AMFs) offer an effective medicinal form for the treatment of suppurative inflammatory disorders(SIDs) of soft tissues. The results of preclinical experiments with AMFs showed evidence of anesthetic, antimicrobial, and hemostatic effects. The therapeutic effect was established in the course of clinical investigations and confirmed by the results of cytological, histological, morphological, and bacteriological testing. The experimental data indicate that AMF application offers a promising means of SID treatment. Further development of this medicinal form must lead to an increase in the therapeutic efficacy, decrease the drug dose, and reduce the probability of side effects during the treatment of SIDs in soft tissues of various localization.     

Clinical and economic outcomes of pharmacist-managed antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgical patients.

PURPOSE: The associations between pharmacist-managed antimicrobial prophylaxis in Medicare patients who had surgical codes indicative of the need for antimicrobial prophylaxis and the major health care outcomes of death rate, length of stay, Medicare charges, drug charges, laboratory charges, and complications were explored. METHODS: Pharmacist management of antimicrobial prophylaxis was evaluated in 242,704 Medicare patients from 860 [corrected] hospitals. RESULTS: Patients who developed a surgical-site infection (SSI) had a 331.58% increased risk of death compared with patients who did not develop an SSI (chi2 = 743.471; df = 1; p < 0.0001; odds ratio [OR], 3.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.28-3.99). Patients who developed an SSI also had a 167.16% increase in length of stay, 136.49% increase in total Medicare charges, 245.96% increase in drug charges, and 187.14% increase in laboratory charges. In hospitals without pharmacist-managed antimicrobial prophylaxis, death rates were 52.06% higher (105 excess deaths; p < 0.0001; OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.46-1.63), length of stay was 10.21% higher (167,941 excess patient days, p < 0.0001), mean +/- S.D. total Medicare charges were 3.10% higher ($980 +/- $1,109 more per patient) ($182,113,400 excess total Medicare charges, p < 0.0001), mean +/- S.D. drug charges were 7.24% higher ($292 +/- $492 more per patient) ($54,262,360 excess drug charges, p = 0.005), mean +/- S.D. laboratory charges were 2.72% higher ($74 +/- $151 more per patient) ($13,751,420 excess laboratory charges, p = 0.0056), and SSIs were 34.30% higher (chi2 = 95.48; df = 1; p < 0.0001; OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.40-1.66). CONCLUSION: The provision of pharmacist-managed antimicrobial prophylaxis was associated with significant improvement in clinical and economic outcomes for Medicare patients with a surgical code indicative of the need for antimicrobial prophylaxis.     

Clinical evaluation of cefuroxime axetil in acute dental infections. Double blind comparative study vs. cefaclor

To evaluate objectively clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness of cefuroxime axetil (CXM-AX) in acute dental infections (periodontitis, pericoronitis and gnathitis), we carried out a comparison study using cefaclor (CCL) as the control. Both drugs were orally given after meals in a dose level of 250 mg (potency) t.i.d. for 3-7 days. 1. Clinical efficacy rates in all the treated cases were 81.6% (102/125) in the CXM-AX group and 82.5% (104/126) in the CCL group according to the assessment by physicians in charge, and 89.6% (112/125) and 83.3% (105/126), respectively, according to the assessment based on scores. No significant difference was found between the 2 treatment groups. In clinical efficacy (assessment by score) classified by background factors, efficacy rate in the CXM-AX group (90.6%, 58/64) was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that in the CCL group (75.0%, 48/64) in cases receiving no surgical treatment on the first day of drug administration. Other background factors than the above (no surgical treatment) factor or scores on the first day of drug administration, however, did not appear to influence clinical efficacies of 2 treatment groups. 2. As for the bacteriological response in all the treated cases, elimination rate in the CXM-AX group was 73.7% (28/38) and that in the CCL group, 78.3% (36/46), without significant difference between the 2 groups. 3. Regarding the safety, no significant difference was found between the 2 treatment groups. Adverse reactions were observed in 1 out of 128 cases (0.8%) in the CXM-AX group and 6 out of 132 cases (4.5%) in the CCL group. Abnormal laboratory test values were noted in 8 out of 86 cases (9.3%) in the CXM-AX group and 5 out of 91 cases (5.5%) in the CCL group. None of these differences between 2 treatment groups was statistically significant. 4. Usefulness rates in all the treated cases were 81.6% (102/125) in the CXM-AX group and 81.7% (103/126) in the CCL group, thus significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. From the above results, CXM-AX is considered to be a useful drug like CCL in the treatment of acute dental infections.     

头孢呋辛钠疗效和安全性再评价

目的进一步评价头孢呋辛钠治疗细菌性感染的安全性、有效性及药物不良反应。方法开放试验,每次1.5 g,每日2次,静脉注射,重度患者每次3.0 g,每日2次。手术后预防细菌感染,每日1次,每次1.5 g,静脉注射。结果头孢呋辛钠治疗呼吸道感染痊愈率65.06%、有效率88.86%。其细菌总清除率为88.87%,药物不良反应发生率为4.5%。结论头孢呋辛钠治疗呼吸道感染、泌尿道感染、其他感染及手术后预防细菌感染疗效确切,药物不良反应少而轻。     

注射用头孢呋辛钠临床研究

目的　评价国产头孢呋辛钠粉针剂治疗急性感染病人的有效性和安全性。方法　 4 0例急性 (呼吸系、泌尿系及皮肤软组织 )感染病人随机分为两组 ,分别应用国产头孢呋辛钠 (试验组 )或进口头孢呋辛钠(对照组 )每次 0 .75 g,每日 3次 ,疗程 7d。用药前及停药后第 1日查血、尿常规 ,肝、肾功能 ,凝血机制 ,细菌培养及纸片敏试 ,并作琼脂平板稀释法测定值 ,呼吸道感染病人于用药前、后各作一次 X射线胸片检查 ,泌尿系感染病人于用药前、后各作一次细菌菌落计数。结果　试验组痊愈率和有效率分别为 5 0 %和 95 % ,细菌阳性率、阴转率和清除率分别为 75 %、86 .7%和 86 .7% ,不良反应发生率为 15 % ,以上各项与对照组相比均无显著性差异。结论　国产头孢呋辛钠治疗呼吸系、泌尿系与皮肤软组织急性感染疗效确切 ,不良反应少。     

碧兰麻在牙体牙髓病麻醉中的临床疗效及安全性研究

目的:探讨在牙体牙髓病麻醉中应用碧兰麻的临床效果及其安全性.方法:在2014年10月~2016年4月本院收治的牙体牙髓病患者中选取94例,按照随机、对照原则分为观察组和对照组,对照组接受利多卡因麻醉,观察组采用碧兰麻进行麻醉,对两组麻醉期间生命体征变化及不良反应的发生情况进行观察分析.结果:观察组麻醉总有效率(100.00%)、完全麻醉率(72.34%)均明显高于对照组(87.23%、40.43%),差异显著(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率(8.51%)明显低于对照组(23.40%),差异显著(P<0.05).结论:在牙体牙髓病治疗中应用碧兰麻进行麻醉,可有效保证麻醉效果,有利于手术的顺利进行,同时可避免引起心率、血压剧烈波动,安全可靠,建议在临床推广.     

Multidisciplinary program for promoting single prophylactic doses of cefazolin in obstetrical and gynecological surgical procedures

A multidisciplinary cost-containment program for promoting the use of single prophylactic doses of cefazolin for obstetrical and gynecological surgical procedures is described. Following a one-month review of patient charts to identify the antimicrobial regimens used most frequently for prophylaxis in obstetrical and gynecological surgical procedures, the department of pharmacy services, with the cooperation of the pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee and the departments of obstetrics and gynecology and infectious diseases, implemented an educational program to promote the use of single doses of cefazolin for surgical prophylaxis. The program included inservice education and distribution of letters of support and a therapeutics newsletter. Drug stocking patterns in the operating and delivery rooms were changed to make cefazolin more accessible, and the P&T committee formally restricted the use of prophylactic antimicrobial agents in obstetrical and gynecological surgical procedures to single doses of cefazolin unless a consulting infectious-disease physician recommended otherwise. Compliance with the program increased as each step was implemented; data collected 16 months after the program was initiated demonstrated a compliance rate of 78.8%. Based on comparison of data collected before initiation and six months after initiation of the program, an actual cost savings of +7,125 was realized, which extrapolates to +14,250 annually. No apparent adverse effects on patient care were noted. The multidisciplinary approach to promoting the use of single doses of cefazolin was effective.     

Suitability of cefotiam and cefuroxime axetil for the perioperative short-term prophylaxis in tonsillectomy patients

The efficacy of the perioperative short-term prophylaxis with cefotiam (CAS 66309-69-1) and cefuroxime axetil (CAS 64544-07-6) was analysed by the assessment of the pharmacological kinetics in the serum and the tonsil tissue in 50 patients with recurrent tonsillitis. Twenty-four patients received 1 g cefotiam by the intravenous route 30 min to 4 h before the tonsillectomy, and 26 patients received 250 mg cefuroxime axetil orally 1 to 6 h before the tonsillectomy. Bactericidal serum levels were reached for cefotiam up to 4 h after intravenous application and for cefuroxime axetil up to 3 h after oral application. In the tissue of the tonsil there were proved levels which were definitely above the MIC 90 (MIC = minimum inhibitory concentration) known for the clinically relevant germs for cefotiam after 30 min up to 2 h, for cefuroxime axetil after only 2 h. Considering the distribution areas, the capacity of the protein binding and the microbiological measuring methods, one can expect an efficient antibiotic coverage after an intravenous one-shot bolus injection of 1 g cefotiam from 30 min to 4 h and after oral application of 250 mg cefuroxime axetil on an empty stomach from 1 to 6 h. Because of the short duration of a tonsillectomy and the serum and tonsil tissue kinetics cefotiam and cefuroxime axetil are suitable for the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis of high-risk patients.     

Disposition of monodesethylamodiaquine after a single oral dose of amodiaquine and three regimens for prophylaxis againstPlasmodium falciparum malaria

Summary The disposition of monodesethylamodiaquine was studied in four healthy subjects after a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg amodiaquine base.Amodiaquine was not found in any sample, but the major metabolite monodesethylamodiaquine was detected and was assumed to be the sole derivative that contributed significantly to antimalarial activity in the blood. The best fit for the decay of the metabolite was obtained with a three-compartment model. The half-lives of the first two phases were 3.2 to 11.4 h for t_1/21 and 22.7 to 50.3 h for t_1/22 in plasma. The half-life of the terminal phase ( t_1/2) was between 9 and 18.2 days. The concentration in whole blood was 4- to 6-times higher than in plasma.Three schedules (alternate days, weekly, daily) of the conventional prophylactic dose of 10 mg/kg per week were compared in six other healthy subjects. There were significant differences in the plasma monodesethylamodiaquine levels between the three schedules.The work was presented in part at the 34th Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Miami, Florida (4–7 November 1985)     

左乙拉西坦预防小儿热性惊厥复发的临床效果及安全性研究

目的:采用左乙拉西坦(levetiracetam,LEV)预防小儿热性惊厥(febrile seizure,FS)复发,观察其疗效及不良反应。方法:收集2015年1—12月在江门市中心医院就诊的120例FS患儿作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为治疗组和对照组。将对照组患儿体温高于38.5℃时给予退热治疗;治疗组在此基础上予LEV。两组均随访观察1年,每3个月随访1次。结果:随访期间共失访17人,最后治疗组55人,对照组48人,两组患儿SFS和CFS发热人次及最高体温差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);SFS治疗组复发6例,对照组复发12例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CFS治疗组复发2例,对照组复发4例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患儿癫痫发生率分别为3例(5.45%)、2例(4.17%),差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组和对照组患儿GMFM-88项比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),第1次智力测量两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),第2次智力测量SFS组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但两组智力测量得分均在正常范围(>75分),治疗组CFS优于对照组CFS(P<0.05);共观察到9人出现不适,包括胃肠道反应、多动、头晕、嗜睡、食欲减退等,大多不经停药能自行缓解。结论:LEV可有效预防FS的复发,不良反应少,使用安全,依从性及耐受性良好,值得临床使用。