Comparison of two diverse measurement methods by graphical agreement

Biological processes are complex, and several methods are often used to measure them. However, different methods could determine diverse parts of a single biological process. To date, there are no widely accepted and convenient methods for comparison between the results, so we consider graphical analysis with the ability to demonstrate the pattern of distribution of findings from one method across another. It appears that a two-series area plot is the most appropriate. After using normal values and a coding reference and examining the variables, unnecessary information is diminished and the graphics become more obvious. Three possibilities may be found: agreement or disagreement between variables or disagreement from normal values. Therefore, the graph may also be used to determine the corresponding normal values between variables. The association between variables may be tested using kappa coefficients, although graphical analysis remains more informative. Therefore, graphical analysis could compare two completely different variables that measure the same biological process or determine the range of normal values.     

Comparison of two measurement methods: the Bland and Altman assessment

Bland-Altman analysis for comparison of two methods of clinical measurement is frequently used in scientific publications. This article is more appropriate than the conventional linear regression analysis. This paper gives an overview of the principles for the use of Bland-Altman analysis as well as the specific terminology attached to it. The Bland-Altman comparison analysis is mainly a tool for clinical interpretation. The bias and the agreement limits provide the variation of the values of the technique compared to the other. The difference between the two methods of measurement is plotted against the average obtained with each of the two techniques. Bland-Altman analysis can also be used to check the repeatability of a measurement technique within the same subject and to determine a repeatability coefficient. With an adaptation of the calculation of the agreement limits, the average of multiple measurements for each subject with two measurement techniques can be used for the Bland-Altman analysis.     

Critical evaluation of computerised x ray planimetry for the measurement of lung volumes.

BACKGROUND--Computerised x-ray planimetry has been advocated as an alternative to body plethysmography and helium dilution for measuring static lung volumes. The accuracy and reproducibility of this method has been assessed in comparison with these standard methods. METHODS--Plethysmographic and planimetric measurements of total lung capacity (TLC) and functional residual capacity (FRC) were made in 10 normal subjects and in 12 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with additional helium dilution measurements in the latter 12 patients. RESULTS--Mean lung volumes (TLC and FRC) for groups of subjects measured by planimetry and by plethysmography were similar in both groups and larger than the helium dilution measurement in patients with COPD. Intraindividual agreement between planimetry and plethysmography was poor, however, with a wide confidence interval (-2.2 to +2.31). The planimeter did not measure reliably changes in volume from TLC to FRC in individuals. CONCLUSIONS--Mean lung volumes measured by planimetry in a group of patients probably reflect a regression to the mean of the computer algorithm rather than accurate TLC estimation. The technique is not yet robust enough to replace the established techniques of helium dilution or plethysmography.     

Comparison of lung volume measurements in individuals with spinal cord injury by two different methods

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Few detailed studies have been performed among subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) using whole body plethysmography for measurement of static lung volumes. Because abdominal gas volumes and respiratory patterns among subjects with varying levels of SCI may differ significantly from able-bodied individuals, methodological concerns related to this technique could conceivably lead to inaccuracies in lung volume measurements. The purpose of this study was to compare lung volume parameters obtained by whole body plethysmography with those determined by the commonly used nitrogen washout technique among individuals with SCI. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine clinically stable men, 14 with chronic tetraplegia (injury C4-C7) and 15 with paraplegia (injury below T5) participated in the study. METHODS: Lung volumes were obtained using whole body plethysmography and the open-circuit nitrogen washout technique. Within both study groups, data were evaluated by the paired Student's t test and by determination of correlation coefficients. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences for any lung volume parameter were found within either group. In subjects with tetraplegia on paraplegia, respectively, strong correlation coefficients were found for measurements of total lung capacity (.86 and .97), functional residual capacity (.87 and .96), and residual volume (.77 and .85). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that body plethysmography is a valid technique for determining lung volumes among subjects with SCI. Because airway resistance measurements can also be obtained during same study sessions for assessment of airway caliber and bronchial responsiveness, body plethysmography is a useful tool for examining multiple aspects of pulmonary physiology in this population.     

两种长期留置导管置入方法在临床应用中的探讨

目的 比较撕脱鞘导入法与改良导丝引导法留置Palindrome导管的安全性及易用性.方法 选择2011年9月至2013年12月我院透析中心拟行Palindrome导管置管术的血液透析患者36例,按置管方法分为撕脱鞘导入组（撕脱鞘组）和改良导丝引导组（导丝组）,每组18例,辅以术前彩色多普勒超声定位,了解有无血栓形成以及血管狭窄等,并行血常规、凝血功能检查,如有凝血功能异常者在术前予以纠正.所有长期留置导管均在手术室完成,术中予以心电监护.收集2组患者基线资料,置管后观察24 h,主要终点为置管术中出血量,次要终点为整个置管术的操作时间和置管术后24 h置管伤口出血事件发生率.结果 撕脱鞘组共入组18例患者,导丝组共入组18例患者,2组基本一致.导丝组较撕脱鞘组在术中出血量[（4.0±2.1）ml vs （12.9±3.3）ml,P＜0.01]、置管时间[（26.3±3.2）min vs（34.4±3.0）min,P＜0.01]及术后24 h出血事件发生率（4.3％ vs 27.3％,P＜0.05）的差异均有统计学意义.同时在彩色多普勒超声定位下,导丝引导法留置导管,降低了误穿动脉、穿刺失败等多种并发症的发生.结论 辅以术前彩色多普勒超声定位,直接导丝导入法比撕脱鞘导入法显著减少术中出血量、置管时间及术后24 h出血事件发生率,提高了手术的安全性和成功率,值得在临床应用中推广.     

Comparison of a new foam mattress with the standard hospital mattress

This study evaluates pressure ulcer incidence rates and comfort perceptions in 100 subjects admitted to a district general hospital. Subjects were divided into two groups, Group A using the standard hospital mattress (Transfoam), which had been in use in the hospital for three years, and Group B using the study mattress (Transfoamwave), which was new at the beginning of the trial. Due to the low observed incidence of pressure ulcers, it has not been possible to determine whether there is a difference in the clinical performance of the mattresses. Both appear to provide similar levels of comfort. Seat cushions were provided for each trial subject but staff failed to make good use of them, which suggests that more education is required in this area.     

气管切开后两种雾化吸入方式的效果观察

目的探讨气管切开后一种较为理想的雾化吸入方式,提高湿化效果。方法将40例气管切开患者分为对照组和观察组各20例。对照组采用气道间断滴药加常规氧气雾化吸入法,观察组采用气道间断滴药加改良氧气雾化吸入法,比较两组湿化效果。结果观察组气道出血、痰痂形成、肺部感染发生率低于对照组,但两组比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);两组每日吸痰次数比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组痰液成分测定值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良气管切开氧气雾化法能将雾化药液充分吸入气道,可降低痰液的粘稠度,提高气道湿化效果。     

两种方法清洗牙科手机效果比较

目的探讨不同方法清洗牙科手机的效果。方法将使用后的120支手机随机分成两组各60支,A组手机人工刷洗后置于超声清洗机内,加入1∶400的3M低泡多酶洗涤剂超声清洗10 min;B组手机人工刷洗后置于全自动热清洗消毒机清洗40 min。结果 B组清洗合格率显著高于A组(P0.01)。结论使用全自动热清洗消毒机清洗牙科手机效果优于超声清洗机清洗。同时有消毒、去热源、保养的作用。     

胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的两种不同处理方法的对比

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的两种不同处理方法的优劣比较。方法〓我科自2008年1月至2013年3月共收治153例胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的病人,分别行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)或腹腔镜胆道探查取石术(LCBDE)+LC术式治疗,并对手术时间、出血量、住院费用、术后血淀粉酶、结石残留率、术后并发症发生率等指标进行统计学分析。结果〓LCBDE+LC组平均手术时间、出血量分别为103.49±22.56 min、51.04±15.05 mL,均大于ERCP+LC组(87.89±18.33 min、16.84±6.58 mL,P<0.05),术后血淀粉酶及住院费用是LCBDE+LC组小于ERCP+LC组(86.23±16.58 U/L vs 303.31±46.32 U/L,21446±8739 元 vs 25419±8953元,P<0.05),LCBDE+LC组的术后并发症发生率明显低于ERCP+LC组(5.68% vs 14.29%),中转开腹率则是高于后者(5.68% vs 0),结石残留率无显著差别(2.27% vs 1.43%)。结论〓LCBDE+LC术式在术后血淀粉酶、并发症发生率、住院费用等方面较ERCP+LC为优,但在实际诊治中,应坚持个性化选择。     

Automated system for the measurement of airways resistance, lung volumes, and flow-volume loops.

Using a digital computer and body plethysmograph measurements of airways resistance, lung volumes, and flow-volume loops may be obtained from a single manoeuvre performed by the patient. All the measurements together with a display of the flow-volume loop are displayed within 10 seconds of the patient completing the manoeuvre. The system appears to offer considerable advantages in speed, objectivity, and reproducibility when compared with conventional methods.     

腹壁皮下脂肪两种测量方法的比较

目的　探讨腹壁皮下脂肪厚度两种测量方法的特点 ,并结合吸脂情况 ,比较其准确性与优、缺点。方法　采用指捏法 (卡尺法 )测量皮褶厚度及彩超法测量皮下脂肪厚度 ,并对其结果进行比较 ,以探讨更有效的测量方法。结果　通过 160例测量结果比较可以看出 ,卡尺法测量皮褶厚度与彩超法测量皮下脂肪厚度比较 ,经统计学检验 ,P <0 .0 1,有显著性差异。结论　卡尺法测量皮褶厚度与彩超法测量皮下脂肪厚度相比 ,前者准确性差 ,但简单易行 ,术前术中可比性高 ,实用性强 ;后者准确性高     

腹壁皮下脂肪两种测量方法的比较

目的探讨腹壁皮下脂肪厚度两种测量方法的特点,并结合吸脂情况,比较其准确性与优、缺点.方法采用指捏法(卡尺法)测量皮褶厚度及彩超法测量皮下脂肪厚度,并对其结果进行比较,以探讨更有效的测量方法.结果通过160例测量结果比较可以看出,卡尺法测量皮褶厚度与彩超法测量皮下脂肪厚度比较,经统计学检验,P＜0.01,有显著性差异.结论卡尺法测量皮褶厚度与彩超法测量皮下脂肪厚度相比,前者准确性差,但简单易行,术前术中可比性高,实用性强;后者准确性高.     

Comparative analysis of two methods for wound bed area measurement

Wound bed area measurements are considered to be an essential part of the wound assessment process. Wound care professionals should be aware of the reliability and validity of the techniques they use. The purpose of this study was to assess whether wound care professionals are able to make as accurate and reproducible a measurement of the wound bed area using two methods for area measurement. Five wound care professionals independently assessed 2285 digital wound images for the wound bed area. Each image was measured in random order, three times, and in four angles by providing the rotated versions of each image (0°, 90°, 180° and 270°). Two techniques were compared: free hand drawing and closed polygon (CP) graph algorithm. Comparison of the two techniques showed differences that are, in our opinion, not acceptable in clinical practice when these techniques are used interchangeably and/or the measurements are carried out by different observers. Variations observed between wounds and observers seem related to the difference in perception of the wound bed margin. Our results indicate that repetition of CP graph area measurement results in the lowest difference in repetitive measurements. Study limitations are related to an incomplete consensus on definitions of wound, wound bed, wound edge and wound border. The development of an ontology related to wound images could aid to reduce these ambiguities.     

两种方法治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效比较

目的比较桡骨远端（斜）T形钢板内固定和闭合复位石膏外固定两种方法治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的效果。方法对2002年3月-2007年3月间的不稳定型骨折96例103侧进行分析，其中钢板内固定42例45侧，其余为手法复位石膏外固定。结果随访12～63个月，平均33．5个月。按Dienst功能评分标准评定，钢板内固定组的优良率是86．67％，其中A2，A3型为92．31％，B，C型是84．38％；手法复位石膏外固定组则分别为71％，88．20％，63．40％。两组的A2，A3型比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05），B，C型组间比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论对A2，A3型骨折，两种治疗方法优良率差别不大；对B，C型骨折，（斜）T形钢板内固定治疗的效果要优于闭合复位石膏外固定。     

四种红细胞压积测定方法的比较

目的 比较四种红细胞压积（Hct）的测定方法。方法97例手术患者分为贫血组（n=47）和正常组（n=50）。术前抽取血样,对同一份血样分别用STS-6100型Hct测定仪、血气分析仪kSTATPCA、全自动生化分析仪SysmexXE2100和温氏法进行HCt的测定。结果 两组STS-6100与Sysmex XE2100的Hot测定结果间差异均无统计学意义。i-STATPCA的测定结果均显著低于SysmexXE2100（P〈0．01）;而温氏法的测定结果均显著高于SysmexXE2100（P〈0．01）。正常组中,STS-6100、温氏法和i-STATPCA与SysmexXE2100的相关系数（r）分别为0．9631、0．9473和0．9270;贫血组中,分别为0．9640、0．9395和0．9169。结论 正常和贫血状态下,STS-6100Het测定结果均准确、稳定,与SysmexXE2100相符。