^153Sm—EDTMP联合帕米膦酸二钠及强的松治疗多发性骨转移瘤的临床观察

目的用153Sm-EDTMP联合帕米膦酸二钠及强的松治疗多发性骨转移瘤,以观察该方法的疗效、毒副作用,从而证实综合治疗多发性骨转移瘤的效果.方法随机入组80例多发性骨转移瘤患者,分别给予153Sm-EDTMP联合帕米膦酸二钠和强的松及单用153Sm-EDTMP治疗,对照并观察疗效及毒性.结果 153Sm-EDTMP联合帕米膦酸二钠和强的松组及单用153Sm-EDTMP组的止痛有效率分别为90.0%和70.0%(P＜0.05),骨病变影像好转率分别为40.0%和17.5%(P＜0.05),而毒副反应差异无显著性.结论 153Sm-EDTMP联合帕米膦酸二钠和强的松治疗多发性骨转移瘤,在缓解疼痛、改善生活质量方面有明显疗效.     

帕米膦酸二钠(博宁)联合153Sm-EDTMP治疗骨转移癌疗效分析

目的　观察帕米膦酸二钠联合153Sm -EDTMP治疗骨转移癌的疗效、毒副作用并探讨其临床意义。方法　随机入组 71例骨转移癌患者 ,分别给予帕米膦酸二钠、153Sm -EDTMP以及帕米膦酸二钠联合153Sm -EDTMP治疗 ,对照并观察止痛效果及毒性。结果　帕米膦酸二钠、153Sm -EDTMP以及帕米膦酸二钠联合153Sm -EDTMP组的止痛有效率分别为 67%、67%和 88 5 % ,P >0 .0 5 ,提示全组差异无显著性 ,但以 χ2 分割法检验则联合组与其它单用组之间的差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而毒副反应无显著性差异。结论　帕米膦酸二钠联合153Sm -EDTMP治疗骨转移癌所致疼痛有更好的疗效     

188 Re-羟乙基二膦酸与帕米膦酸二钠联合治疗乳腺癌骨转移的临床价值

目的探讨188Re-羟乙基二膦酸(188Re-HEDP)联合帕米膦酸二钠治疗乳腺癌骨转移的临床价值.方法48例乳腺癌多发骨转移患者随机分为3组,分别接受188Re-HEDP、帕米膦酸二钠的单独治疗及两者的联合治疗.结果188Re-HEDP组、帕米膦酸二钠组、联合治疗组止痛有效率分别为73.3%、80.0%和100.0%;骨转移病灶控制有效率分别为40.0%、33.3%和66.7%.联合治疗组疗效明显高于188Re-HEDP组和帕米膦酸二钠组(P均＜0.05),而188Re-HEDP组与帕米膦酸二钠组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论188Re-HEDP联合帕米膦酸二钠治疗乳腺癌骨转移,在止痛、骨转移病灶控制方面疗效明显,优于各药单药治疗.     

唑来膦酸与帕米膦酸二钠治疗肺癌骨转移疼痛的对比研究

为了评价唑来膦酸注射液治疗肺癌骨转移所致骨痛的疗效及安全性,将临床确诊的肺癌骨转移患者50例随机分为唑来膦酸组25例和帕米膦酸二钠组25例.结果:唑来膦酸组和帕米膦酸二钠组治疗骨痛总有效率为76%(19/25)和72%(18/25),差异无统计学意义,P=0.798.止痛起效时间:唑来膦酸组1～11d(中位时间5d),帕米膦酸二钠组2～13d(中位时间5d),差异无统计学意义,P=0.702.止痛疗效维持时间:唑来膦酸组2～32d(中位时间24d),帕米膦酸二钠组1～29d(中位时间23d),差异无统计学意义,P=0.509.初步研究结果提示,唑来膦酸注射液治疗肺癌骨转移疼痛疗效确切,与帕米膦酸二钠相比疗效和不良反应相似.     

唑来膦酸治疗骨转移疼痛的临床研究

[目的]观察唑来膦酸治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛的临床疗效.[方法]21例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者,分为实验组(11例)和对照组(10例),分别给予唑来膦酸和帕米膦酸二钠进行治疗.[结果]实验组和对照组有效率分别是54.55%和30.00%.临床获益率分别是63.64%和30.00%,两者差异无显著性(P＞0.05).唑来膦酸组在疗效维持时间上明显长于帕米膦酸二钠组(P＜0.05).[结论]唑来膦酸可缓解肿瘤骨转移的疼痛,疗效维持时间长,副作用小,耐受性好.     

唑来膦酸治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移44例临床观察

目的观察唑来膦酸注射液治疗转移性骨肿瘤的疗效及安全性。方法44例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者采用唑来膦酸(天晴依泰)注射液4mg加入0.9%氯化钠注射液100ml静脉滴注15分钟以上;同时以35例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者使用帕米膦酸二钠(博宁)注射液60mg加入0.9%氯化钠注射液500ml静脉滴注4小时以上作为对照。两组均一次性给药后观察14天。结果治疗骨痛有效率唑来膦酸组为81.08%,帕米膦酸二钠组为69.70%,两组疗效差异有显著性(P<0.05)。活动能力有效率唑来膦酸组为40.91%,帕米膦酸二钠组为45.71%,两组疗效差异无显著性(P>0.05)。不良反应发生率唑来膦酸组为45.45%,帕米膦酸二钠组为42.86%,差异无显著性(P>0.05),均主要表现为发热、低钙血症、肌肉酸痛,予对症处理后症状消失。结论唑来膦酸是一种有效的第三代双膦酸盐制剂,可方便安全地用于恶性肿瘤骨转移的治疗。     

帕米膦酸二钠合并放疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移

目的观察帕米膦酸二钠合并放疗对恶性肿瘤骨转移的疗效,并对其联合机制进行了探讨.方法对54例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者在放疗中应用帕米膦酸二钠治疗,并设对照组(单用放疗).结果在54例患者中,止痛有效率98%,疼痛缓解时间缩短,对骨转移控制效果高于对照组.毒副反应轻微.结论帕米膦酸二钠合并放疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移有良好的效果.     

帕米膦酸二钠治疗骨转移引起疼痛的临床研究

背景与目的:临床研究表明,帕米膦酸二钠治疗骨转移引起的疼痛有肯定的疗效,提高使用剂量能否提高疗效尚未明确.本研究的目的是观察两组不同剂量的帕米膦酸二钠治疗骨转移引起疼痛的效果和毒副作用.方法:将90例实体瘤骨转移患者随机分为治疗组和对照组.治疗组45例,采用帕米膦酸二钠120 mg分3天静滴(即60 mg,d1;30 mg,d2～3);对照组采用帕米膦酸二钠90 mg分3天静滴(即30 mg,d1～3).二组均4周为一周期.结果:治疗组45例,显效20例,有效23例,无效2例,总有效率95.6%(43/45);用药一疗程取得疗效40例(88.9%),一周内取得疗效36例(80%);不良反应3例(6.7)%.对照组45例,显效16例,有效20例,无效9例,总有效率80.0%;用药一疗程取得疗效26例(57.8%),一周内取得疗效26例(57.8%);不良反应3例(6.7%).经统计学分析,总有效率及一周内有效率两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05),用药一疗程有效率两组间有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:帕米膦酸二钠对骨转移引起的疼痛有良好的止痛效果,一疗程采用120 mg优于90 mg,患者可以耐受.     

密盖息联合帕米磷酸二钠治疗骨转移癌疗效观察

目的观察密盖息联合帕米磷酸二钠治疗骨转移癌引起疼痛的治疗效果。方法对58例确诊为骨转移癌的患者随机分为密盖息联合帕米磷酸二钠组和帕米磷酸二钠组,密盖息联合帕米磷酸二钠组予密盖息100IU肌注,1次／d,连续14d。静滴帕米磷酸二钠90mg,每月1次;帕米磷酸二钠组予静滴帕米磷酸二钠90mg,每月1次。两组均每4周重复,共2次。比较两组患者的止痛效果、生活质量以及血钙和碱性磷酸酶水平。结果密盖息联合帕米磷酸二钠组止痛效果及生活质量均优于帕米磷酸二钠组。两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,两组均无严重不良反应。结论密盖息联合帕米磷酸二钠组在骨转移癌止痛、改善生活质量以及生化指标方面明显优于帕米磷酸二钠组,且无严重不良反应。     

骨膦和153Sm－EDTMP治疗骨转移癌

 本文报道应用骨膦和/或¹⁵³Sm-EDTMP内照射治疗骨转移癌74例。骨膦组21例,¹⁵³Sm-EDTMP组26例,对骨痛止痛有效率分别为85.7%和80.8%,对骨病变有效率分别为9.5%和19.2%.而联合应用骨膦和¹⁵³Sm-EDTMP治疗31例,止痛有效率和骨病变有效率分别为93.5%和45.2%,后者与前2组相比有显着差异（P<0.05）.三组毒副反应均少见。由此提示,骨膦+¹⁵³Sm-EDTMP疗效显着,安全可靠,可能是当今治疗多发性骨转移癌的优选疗法。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.