舒林酸与内镜下高频电切治疗结直肠腺瘤的转归分析

结直肠腺瘤与结直肠癌关系密切,国外文献报道[1]舒林酸对家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)结直肠腺瘤有消退作用,预防结直肠癌发生。但对散发性结肠腺瘤(SAP)疗效不肯定[2],本文旨在探讨舒林酸治疗SAP的作用及与内镜下高频电切治疗结直肠腺瘤疗效比较。     

舒林酸治疗散发性结直肠腺瘤的临床研究

目的观察舒林酸对散发性结直肠腺瘤的疗效.方法 36例经结肠镜和组织学诊断的散发性结直肠腺瘤病人,随机分为二组,治疗组口服舒林酸400 mg/d,对照组口服安慰剂2片/d,疗程均为4个月.观察治疗前和治疗4个月时腺瘤数目、最大直径、形态及腺瘤异型增生分级变化.结果治疗组和对照组各16例完成试验.治疗前、后比较,治疗组59个腺瘤直径分别为(3.6±2.2)和(2.4±1.5)mm,治疗后腺瘤直径较治疗前明显缩小,差异有非常显著性(P＜0.001);腺瘤形态较治疗前变化明显,出现扁平隆起和红斑.异型增生级别明显降低,差异有非常显著性(P＜0.001);对照组30个腺瘤直径分别为(4.6±2.5)和(3.     

舒林酸联合双歧杆菌三联活菌治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病的作用及其机制初探

目的探讨舒林酸联合双歧杆菌三联活菌(培菲康)治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)的疗效及其机制。 方法收集2013年1月1日至2022年1月1日在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院就诊的FAP患者,采用随机数字表法,将经胃肠镜检查及组织病理学检查确诊的这些FAP患者,分为舒林酸组、培菲康组、舒林酸联合培菲康组3组。舒林酸组口服舒林酸400 mg/d,疗程为1年;培菲康组口服培菲康6粒/d,疗程1年;舒林酸联合培菲康组,口服舒林酸400 mg/d+6粒培菲康/d,疗程1年。每4个月结肠镜复查1次,观察每组患者一般情况,腺瘤的病理类型、大小、数目。采用16sRNA高通量测序分析患者粪便菌群变化Western blot检测凋亡抑制蛋白Bcl-2的表达。 结果入组患者共90例,每组30例,舒林酸联合培菲康组于治疗后4、8、12个月腺瘤的病理类型：管状腺瘤分别占活检腺瘤总数分别为90.5%、94.4%、99.2%;绒毛管状腺瘤占9.5%、5.6%、0.8%;舒林酸组分别为85.3%、90.4%、95.2%,培菲康组分别为80.5%、85.3%、90.2%。舒林酸+培菲康组与培菲康组、舒林酸组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)16sRNA测序提示舒林酸联合培菲康组厚壁菌门和放线菌门比例增加,而拟杆菌门比例降低。Western blot显示舒林酸联合培菲康组Bcl-2表达显著较其它组降低(P<0.05)。 结论舒林酸联合培菲康能有效的治疗FAP,其疗效优于单纯服用舒林酸组和培菲康组。可能的机制与降低Bcl-2,减少对凋亡的抑制,促进了腺瘤的凋亡,同时改善了肠内环境菌群有关。     

家族性腺瘤息肉病用舒林酸长期治疗的前瞻性研究

家族性腺瘤息肉病 (ＦＡＰ)患者行全结肠切除和回肠直肠吻合术 (ＩＲＡ)后直肠残端常有肿瘤复发 ,作者评价用舒林酸 (Ｓｕｌｉｎｄａｃ ,一种非类固醇类抗炎药 )维持患者残留直肠段免于腺瘤复发的长期效果和毒性。方法　 1 2例ＦＡＰ患者 ,平均年龄 3 7 1岁。有至少 5个直肠腺瘤 ,已行ＩＲＡ。过去 3个月内用非类固醇类抗炎药超过 1周 ,妊娠 ,白细胞计数 <4× 1 0 9/Ｌ ,有消化性溃疡史、胃肠道出血史、恶性病史、阿司匹林过敏史者均除外。投药前作可屈式乙状直肠镜检查 ,以后每 4个月随访 1次 ,计数结直肠息肉总数 ,并从粘膜和息肉取活检标…     

舒林酸治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病

舒林酸(sulindac)是一种非甾体类抗炎药(NSAID),作者采用舒林酸治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP),观察治疗后腺瘤数目和大小的改变。研究对象为FAP,要求患者未作全结肠切除术但做过回肠-直肠吻合的结肠次全切除术,并要求每例患     

截短蛋白检测分析家族性腺瘤性息肉病APC基因

家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)是一种常染色体显性遗传病,总人群发病率约为1/10000。FAP患者的致病基因是结肠腺瘤样息肉病基因(adenornatous polyposis coil,APC)。通常FAP于10岁～40岁开始发病,平均年龄为23岁。其主要表现为整个结、直肠肠壁布满息肉,甚至使整段肠壁无正常粘膜。组织学检查早期为轻度腺体增生,以后发展成典型腺瘤,这些患者如不经外科治疗,癌变将几乎不可避免。FAP所致的大肠癌约占所有结、直肠癌的1/100。目前,FAP患者只有出现临床症     

家族性腺瘤性息肉病之上消化道癌肿的危险性

家族性腺癌性息肉病(FAP)是一种常染色体显性遗传性疾病,以年轻时就发生数以百计的结-直肠腺瘤为特征。若不作预防性结肠切除术,则实际上所有罹患者都在50岁前发生结-直肠癌。FAP患者常有上消化道,尤其是胃和十二指肠的腺瘤。十二指肠和壶腹周围区域是FAP患者仅次于结、直肠的发生恶性病变的部     

乙胺碘呋酮的神经系统毒性

作者报道54例服用乙胺碘呋酮的患者29例出现神经系统毒性作用。54例中男47、女7例,平均年龄60.2±15岁.因患室性心动过速或心室纤颤服乙胺碘呋酮治疗,开始剂量为800mg/d,口服,6～8周后减量为600mg/d,以后再根据病情减量维持,平均长期维持量为580±100mg/d.其中38例并用普鲁卡因酰胺、奎尼丁或心得安。平均随访时间为11.2±9.5个月。结果29例出现神经系统毒性作用。出现神经系统症状的时间为:于服药后1周内出现者占41%,1周～1个月占11%,1～4个月占26%,4个月后占22%。出现症状时乙     

结直肠肿瘤中APC基因的研究进展及临床应用展望

APC基因为结直肠腺瘤性息肉的易惑基因,定位于人体5号染色体5q21之上,由15个外显子组成,编码2843个氨基酸的蛋白(分子量约300 kDa)。APC基因的突变不仅与家族性腺瘤性息肉(FAP)有关,而且同部分散发性结直肠肿瘤有关。APC基因的突变在结直肠肿瘤的发生早期起重要作用。本文对APC基因的发现、定位及作用扼要介绍,并探讨APC基因突变在结直肠肿瘤临床应用方面的展望。     

家族性腺瘤性息肉病及其癌变的化学预防

<正>家族性腺瘤性息肉病(familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP)是一种常染色体显性遗传性疾病,多数在青年时就发展为多发腺瘤性结直肠息肉。任其发展,必然进展为结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)。目前认为最安全的预防FAP患者发展为CRC的方法,就是当息肉发育时外科手术切除结     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.