联合肝叶切除术治疗肝门部胆管癌的临床疗效

目的为了寻求更佳的治疗肝门部胆管癌的治疗方案和提高患者的中位生存期,分析和探讨在传统手术切除基础上联合肝叶切除术的价值和意义。方法按照随机双盲对照的原则抽取55例于2009年3月1日至2014年3月1日在我院普外科住院治疗的肝门部胆管癌的患者作为研究对象并遵循手术方案的不同分为观察组28例和对照组27例,其中观察组患者治疗上在实施肝外胆道切除联合胆肠吻合术的同时行肝叶切除术,而对照组患者则仅给予肝外胆道切除联合胆肠吻合术,比较不同手术方案患者的中位生存期的差异。结果经过统计分析发现,观察组患者术后6月、1年、2年生存率、中位生存期和对照组患者相比明显占据优势,且两组患者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肝门部胆管癌患者在给予肝外胆道切除联合胆肠吻合术的同时行肝叶切除术,疗效显著,明显提供患者中位生存期,值得在临床中广泛应用。     

肝门部胆管癌治疗方式的选择

目的 :通过分析 36例肝门部胆管癌治疗方式与疗效的关系 ,为肝门部胆管癌的治疗选择合理的方法和改善其疗效提供临床依据。方法 :对 36例患者按不同的治疗方式分为根治性切除、姑息性切除、胆肠内引流、金属支架内引流和外引流 5组 ,分析各种治疗方式与病变分型、生存时间和并发症的关系。结果 :平均生存时间 ,根治性切除组 3 .3年 ;姑息性切除组 2 0月 ;胆肠内引流组 13月 ;金属支架内引流组 12月 ;外引流组 6 .3月。总并发症2 2 .2 %。手术死亡率 0 %。结论 :肝门部胆管癌的治疗应首选根治性切除 ,选择性的肝段切除是更合适的 ,姑息性切除的疗效优于各种内外引流术 ,胆肠吻合内引流术和金属支架内引流疗效相似。     

高位胆管癌不同治疗方式的疗效评价

目的 探讨高位胆管癌的有效治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月-2007年1月间该院收治的48例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料,对48例患者按不同的治疗方式分为根治性切除、根治性切除 肝动脉置管化疗、姑息性切除、胆肠内引流和外引流5组,分析各种治疗方式与生存时间和并发症的关系.结果 全组手术切除率及手术并发症发生率为37.5%(18/48).围手术期手术死亡率为0.0%,术后平均生存期10.8个月,随访时闰为0、4～5 a不等,随访率为91.8%.切除组与引流组比较,在平均生存期、1、2和3年生存率等方面明显优于引流组(P<0.05),而两者并发症发生率则差异无显著性(P>0.05).而根治性切除组的平均生存期、1、2和3年生存率又明显优于姑息性切除组(P<0.05).结论 肝门部胆管癌的治疗首选根治性切除,结合肝动脉置管化疗效果更好,姑息性切除的疗效优于各种内外引流术.     

肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗

目的 探讨肝门部胆管癌的诊断方法和外科治疗方式。方法 总结和分析102例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料。结果 探查取活检术21例(20.6%),平均生存72d;外引流术18例(17.6%),平均生存8.3个月;手术切除加吻合术63例(61.8%),平均生存25.7个月。手术方式包括肝外胆管癌切除、肝方叶切除加肝外胆管癌切除、左半肝切除、尾叶切除加肝外胆管癌切除、肝内胆管一空肠Roux-Y吻合术等。结论 术中胆道切断端应行冰冻病理检查。治疗应以手术切除为主,根治性切除术可延长患者生存期和改善生存质量,效果比单纯外引流好,对不能切除病例应设法减轻黄疸。     

肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗

目的探讨肝门部胆管癌的诊断方法和外科治疗方式。方法总结和分析102例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料，结果探查取活检术21例(20．6％)，平均生存72d；外引流术18例(17．6％)，平均生存8．3个月；手术切除加吻合术63例(61．8％)，平均生存25．7个月．手术方式包括肝外胆管癌切除、肝方叶切除加肝外胆管癌切除、左半肝切除、尾叶切除加肝外胆管癌切除、肝内胆管一空肠Roux—Y吻合术等。结论术中胆道切断端应行冰冻病理检查治疗应以手术切除为主，根治性切除术可延长患者生存期和改善生存质量，效果比单纯外引流好，对不能切除病例应设法减轻黄疸。     

肝门部胆管癌的切除与姑息性治疗

目的 评价各种外科方法治疗肝门部胆管癌的疗效。方法 收集１９０年１０月－１９９９年４月肝门部胆管癌６８例,治疗方法有骨骼化切除或联合肝中中央部切除２３例;局部切除联合左肝叶切除２例;姑息性肝管空肠吻合术２５例;经十二指肠镜放置胆道内支架１３例;经皮肝穿刺放置金属胆道支架５例。结果 手术后１个月内死亡２例（２．９％）,随访５１例,术后生存期,切除组１１－４２个月,手术内引流组８－１８个月,经内镜放置     

肝外胆管癌26例手术治疗分析

肝外胆管癌２６例肝门部胆管癌１２例,胆总中上段癌８例,胆总管下段癌６例,肝外胆癌的切除率低,该组切除９例,以局部切除肿瘤,胆肠内引流为首选术式,对无法切除者采用姑息性引流术,宜选简单有效的内引流,尽量少采用外引流。     

肝门部胆管癌20例手术治疗分析

目的探讨肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗方式及临床意义.方法回顾分析20例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料.结果手术切除生存期为8~30个月,胆肠内引流的生存期2-15个月.结论肝门部胆管癌手术疗效与术式密切相关,以根治切除疗效最佳,不能切除者应选择姑息性手术.     

晚期胆管癌姑息胆道引流35例临床观察

目的：了解晚期胆管癌姑息胆道引流的治疗效果,探讨晚期胆管癌的治疗方法。方法：分析经胆道引流术治疗的晚期胆管癌３５例的临床资料。手术方式包括胆肠吻合术,胆肠置管搭桥引流,Ｕ管引流,单纯外引流,或两种术式联用。结果：７７．１％术后两周内血清总胆红素下降５０％以上。２２．９％出现术后早期并发症,手术死亡率１４．３％。术后随访：胆肠引流术９例,中位生存期１１．３个月。Ｕ管引流７例存活１年以上。单纯外引流３例术后３个月内死亡。结论：胆道引流术是治疗晚期胆管癌的一种有效方法,可获良好的姑息治疗效果。     

手术治疗肝门部胆管癌40例体会

目的:探讨肝门部胆管癌根治性手术的切除率及远期疗效。方法:对27例肝门部胆管癌患者行根治性切除,其中3例联合左半肝及尾状叶切除,3例联合右半叶及尾状叶;13例行姑息性手术中9例行胆肠内引流,4例行外胆道引流。结果:根治切除率为67.5%,患者1、2、3年生存率为76.0%、36.0%、16.0%,中位生存时间20个月;姑息性手术者中行内、外引流中位生存时间分别为12个月和8个月。结论:合理选择病例可以提高肝门部胆管癌的根治性手术切除率,根治性切除是提高肝门部胆管癌远期生存率的有效手段。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.