需求导向下的卫生事业管理人才供给侧研究

目的:通过对卫生事业管理专业学生与医院的供需对比,找出两者不平衡方面,并提出相应的对策。方法:分别对学生和医院相关部门负责人进行问卷调查,运用SPSS22.0统计软件进行分析。结果:供需之间不平衡主要表现在专业知识的失衡、综合能力的失衡、证书的失衡、起薪的失衡。结论:学生方面:提高综合素质,积极获取就业信息,以提升就业能力;医院方面:培养和引进并重,逐步提高医院管理人员的管理水平;学校方面:以用人单位的需求为导向设计人才培养标准。     

北京市属医院互联网诊疗利用情况及需求调查

目的:了解北京市属医院互联网诊疗的利用情况及患者需求,为互联网诊疗下一步开展提供参考。方法:采用方便抽样方式,向关注市属医院的潜在患者群体推送问卷,调查对象自愿填写,运用Excel和SPSS26.0对填写结果进行统计分析。结果:有50%的调查对象接受过互联网诊疗服务,选择原因大多是因为路途远、互联网诊疗能够节省成本及担心医院人员密集增加感染风险等;对于目前互联网诊疗,有55.74%的调查对象认为能够满足其需求,68.06%的患者认为就医体验很便利。结论:北京市属医院互联网诊疗利用情况良好,但仍存在一些患者需求尚未满足,需进一步完善。     

卫生服务机构对医学类毕业生需求的调查研究

[目的]了解天津市卫生服务机构对医学毕业生的需求情况。[方法]采用简单随机抽样,对天津市市内六区的卫生服务机构进行问卷调查。[结果]对毕业生需求最多的专业依次为临床医学、护理学、中医学。最看重的前3项是实践能力、所学专业、思想品德。突出问题为临床应用知识不扎实,综合能力薄弱,医学专业知识与实际工作脱节。愿意接受中医药大学毕业生的机构比例约为40%。[结论]卫生服务机构对临床专业的人才需求较大,而且更看重的是医学毕业生的实践能力。所以,他们真正需要的是临床操作技能强、综合素质高的医学毕业生。     

Experience of creating high-quality care services for primary hospitals

目的 探讨和分析基层医院创建优质护理服务的方法和途径.方法 通过转变观念、规范服务、更新制度、管理创新等方式建优质护理服务.结果 患者的满意度明显提升,护理的安全性得到有效的保证,护理人员的综合素质得到明显的提高以及社会价值得到充分的体现.结论 优质护理服务的实施和差异个性化的服务提高我院的社会形象和地位,同时对患者满意度的提高、护理质量的全面提升、护理人员综合素质的提升以及社会价值的体现具有重要的意义,值得大力推广.     

Changing patterns in drug therapy for ischemic heart disease

To determine the possible influence of studies on beta-blocker therapy following myocardial infarction and the introduction of calcium-channel blockers on the prescribing habits of physicians in a large urban centre, the drug therapy received by 100 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) (50 with myocardial infarction and 50 with unstable angina) admitted to a university teaching hospital in 1980 was compared with that received by another such group of 100 patients admitted in 1983-84. The proportion of patients with myocardial infarction receiving drug therapy was significantly higher in 1983-84, at the time of both admission (p less than 0.01) and discharge (p less than 0.001). Much of the increase was due to greater use of beta-blockers. Of the 50 patients with unstable angina in 1983-84, 20 were taking calcium-channel blockers when admitted, and 29 were taking them when discharged. In both 1980 and 1983-84 unstable angina was treated more vigorously than myocardial infarction. The results suggest that physicians have developed a more aggressive approach to drug therapy for IHD since the publication of the beta-blocker studies and the introduction of calcium-channel blockers.     

Exposure of midwives to nitrous oxide in four hospitals

The exposure of midwives to nitrous oxide in four hospitals was measured with personal samplers. In three of the four hospitals the average exposure was not significantly less than 100 parts per million (ppm). In one hospital the average exposure was 360 ppm; this was reduced by a factor of about 2.5 when a trial scavenging system was used. Differences in working practices and in the layout, size, and ventilation of the labour suites contributed to the observed differences in average exposure. Midwives and other staff working in the labour room are potentially at risk from excessive occupational exposure to nitrous oxide.     

The unment demand for health services: A vital component in planning

Consideration of unmet need as well as effective demand for health services is desirable for planning but frequently ignored. This paper reports an analysis of the findings from a national health survey conducted in Chile to obtain information on both met and unmet demand. The joint analysis proved feasible and highly informative. Total felt need tended to be relatively constant among population groups in comparison with differences in actual services utilization. Moreover, exceptions to this general finding revealed patterns that should improve our insights for health planning.     

Changing patterns of sexually transmitted infections in India

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are more dynamic than other diseases prevailing in the community. Their epidemiological profile varies from country to country and from one region to another within a country, depending upon ethnographic, demographic, socioeconomic and health factors. The clinical pattern is also a result of the interaction among pathogens, the behaviours that transmit them and the effectiveness of preventive and control interventions. We reviewed the changing patterns of different STIs (excluding HIV infection) in India and their various risk factors. A MEDLINE search was undertaken using the key words 'sexually transmitted infections, epidemiology, India'. Related articles were also searched. In addition, a manual search for many Indian articles, published in journals that are not indexed was also carried out. Wherever possible, the full article was reviewed. If the full article could not be traced, the abstract was used. Most of the published data are institution based. There is a paucity of community-based data, except for information obtained from high risk groups such as commercial sex workers, truck drivers, hotel workers and drug abusers. From the literature search undertaken, it was observed that during the 1960s and 1970s, bacterial infections including syphilis, chancroid and gonorrhoea were the major STIs, while viral infections caused by herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus were so rare that they merited publication as case reports. Since the 1980s, the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with subsequent behavioural (sexual and healthcare) change, the indiscriminate and prophylactic use of over-the-counter broad-spectrum antibiotics, upgradation of health services at the primary level and the success of 'syndromic' approach of treatment, has resulted in major changes in epidemiological patterns. As in developed countries, there has been a rise in viral and chlamydial infections and a relative fall in the incidence of traditional infections. This has forced a reappraisal of the importance of sexual and healthcare behaviours, since the control of incurable viral STIs depends to a great extent on societal efforts at primary prevention and counselling rather than their early diagnosis and treatment, which is an effective strategy against curable bacterial STIs.     

An audit of hip fracture services in the Mater Hospital Dublin 2001 compared with 2006

Background  

Evidence-based practice supports the provision of integrated geriatric multidisciplinary care for older people with hip fractures.