低射血分数患者接受非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的长期预后分析

目的总结低左心室射血分数(≤40%)冠心病患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的手术疗效及预后相关因素。方法回顾性分析2001～2004年在北京大学人民医院行OPCAB的低射血分数患者顺利出院63例的随访临床资料,男48例,女15例;平均年龄(65.1±9.2)岁,左心室射血分数为33.8%±5.0%,对其长期随访,使用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,采用单因素对数秩检验(log-rank test)和Cox回归模型分析影响患者长期预后的危险因素。结果随访时间3～107(71.3±24.4)个月,失访6例(9.5%)。随访期内死亡19例(30.2%),其中与心脏相关死亡10例(15.9%)。术后1年、3年、5年、8年的生存率分别为96.7%(61)、94.9%(60)、85.9%(55)、77.2%(53)。单因素分析表明,左心室射血分数≤30%、急性心肌梗死<30 d(急性心肌梗死发生30 d内即接受手术)是影响患者远期生存率的潜在危险因素(P<0.05)。Cox回归分析表明,左心室射血分数≤30%(RR=4.662,P<0.05)及心肌梗死<30 d(RR=5.544,P<0.05)是择期OPCAB患者术后发生心脏相关死亡的独立危险因素。结论低左心室射血分数冠心病患者行OPCAB治疗效果良好。左心室射血分数≤30%及急性心肌梗死<30 d是择期OPCAB患者术后发生心脏相关死亡的独立危险因素。     

Beating Heart Valve Surgery in Patients with Low Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Abstract Background: Patients with very low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are at high risk for valve surgery. We herein present our experience with beating heart valve surgery in such patients. Methods: From May 2000 to October 2006, 346 consecutive patients underwent beating heart valve surgery. Of these, 50 patients had LVEF <30%: 7 had LVEF 21 to 29%, 34 had LVEF <20%, and 9 had LVEF <10%. Mean age was 57.44 ± 12.45 years (range 28 to 85 years). There were 40 males (80%) and 10 females (20%). Results: Isolated mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve replacements were performed in 11 (22%) and 10 (20%) of patients, respectively. Fourteen (28%) patients underwent combined coronary artery bypass grafting and valve replacements. MV repairs were performed; 13 (26%) patients and 2 (4%) patients had combined MV replacements and tricuspid repairs. Mean hospital stay was 15.37 ± 13.12 days (range 3 to 55 days). Overall early mortality (<30 days) was 6% (three patients) and one patient (2%) died late (>30 days). Conclusions: Beating heart valve surgery in patients with poor LVEF yields results similar to conventional surgery using cardioplegia. Additional studies are needed to fully evaluate the potential benefits of this method of myocardial perfusion for this high‐risk group of patients. (J Card Surg 2010;25:267‐271)     

Intra- and Interhospital Repeatability of Radionuclide Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Post-Infarction Patients

Objective - To evaluate intra- and interobserver and interhospital repeatability of radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction in post-infarction patients. Design - The study comprised 131 patients who were examined in three different hospitals 2-7 days post infarction. The radionuclide examinations were conducted in a standardized manner, and different observers carried out repeated measurements blind on the stored raw data. Results     

Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Renal Transplantation

Introduction

Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) has been reported to occur in a considerable proportion of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is a progressive condition of the pulmonary circulation that poses prognostic importance. In this study, we sought to investigate the prevalence and the predictors of PHT among ESRD patients undergoing renal transplantation.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively evaluated the records, clinical and demographic data as well as laboratory results of 500 adult patients who underwent renal transplantation at our institution. A comprehensive Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in all patients as part of the preoperative assessment. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) was calculated using Bernoulli equation; a value of >30 mm Hg was accepted as PHT.

Results

The mean age of the study population was 31.6 ± 10.2 years. The mean duration of dialysis was 40 months; 432 patients (86.4%) were on hemodialysis (HD) and 68 (13.6%) on peritoneal dialysis (PD). PHT was detected in 85 (17%) patients with a mean SPAP of 46.7 ± 8.7 mm Hg (range = 35-75 mm Hg). The mean age, sex, and laboratory variables were similar between patients with versus without PHT (P > .05 for all). The mean duration of dialysis therapy was longer in the PHT group than those subjects with normal SPAP (50.8 vs 38.5 months; P = .008). Concerning the type of dialysis, the ratio of patients having PHT was higher in the HD compared with the PD group (18.8% vs 5.9%; P = .008). The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary artery disease, asthma, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus did not differ between patients with versus without PHT (P > .05 for all).

Conclusion

The findings of this study revealed that PHT was a common clinical condition among patients with ESRD evaluated for renal transplantation. The time on renal replacement therapy particularly HD as the treatment was associated with greater prevalences. Since it may be of prognostic importance in patients undergoing renal transplantation, a careful preoperative assessment including a comprehensive Doppler echocardiographic examination is needed to identify PHT.     

Left Ventricular Mass Is Associated With Ventricular Repolarization Heterogeneity One Year After Renal Transplantation

Ventricular repolarization heterogeneity (VRH) is associated with the risk of arrhythmia and cardiac death. This study investigated the association between VRH and left ventricular mass (LVM) in renal transplant recipients 1 year after transplantation. Echocardiography and 5-min 12-lead electrocardiogram were recorded and GFR was estimated (eGFR) in 68 nondiabetic patients. Beat-to-beat QT interval variability algorithm was used to calculate SDNN-QT and rMSSD-QT indices of VRH. To quantify QT interval variability relative to heart rate fluctuations, QTRR index was calculated. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was present in 44 patients (65%). LVM and incidence of LVH were increased in 28 patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m² compared with 40 patients with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m² (248 ± 61 g and 86% vs. 210 ± 46 g and 50%, respectively; p < 0.01). A direct correlation was found between LVM and SDNN-QT (R = 0.47, R²= 0.23; p < 0.001), rMSSD-QT (R = 0.27; R²= 0.10; p = 0.034), and QTRR (R = 0.55; R²= 0.31; p < 0.001) indices. In conclusion, greater LVM is associated with increased VRH in renal transplant recipients, providing a link with the high risk of arrhythmia and cardiac death, specifically in patients with decreased graft function .     

Outcomes of Renal Transplantation in Patients With Major Lower Limb Amputation

Introduction

The impact of severe peripheral vascular disease on graft survival in patients undergoing renal transplantation is poorly defined. The aim of our study is to establish outcomes in renal transplant recipients who have severe peripheral vascular disease necessitating major lower limb amputation.

Methods

Data for patients undergoing renal transplantation from January 2001–December 2010 was extracted from a regional transplantation database. Patients undergoing lower limb amputation pre- and post-transplantation were identified and outcome measures including delayed graft function, biopsy-proven acute rejection, serum creatinine level at 1 year, and graft loss and recipient survival at 1 year and long-term were compared with patients who did not undergo amputation. Student t and Pearson's chi-squared tests were used to compare patients with and without amputation and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival analysis. A P value < .05 is considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 762 patients underwent renal transplantation. Four (0.5%) patients had an amputation before transplantation and 16 (2.1%) underwent amputation after transplantation. Serum creatinine levels at 1 year were significantly higher in patients who had amputation after transplantation (308.5 ± 60.8 μmol/l vs 177.6 ± 6.4 μmol/l; P = .03). During longer follow-up (mean: 2053.1 ± 58.3 days), patients who underwent amputation after transplantation had a higher rate of graft loss (P < .01) and higher death rate (P < .01).

Conclusion

The requirement for amputation after renal transplantation is associated with poor long-term graft and patient survival and higher serum creatinine levels at 1 year. Patients at increased risk of severe peripheral vascular disease should be identified and measures taken to reduce the long-term risk.     

Myocardial Perfusion Defects and the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Disclosed by Scintigraphy in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease. For patients undergoing preoperative parathyroid imaging with ^99mTc-sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), we combined cervical SPECT and gated cardiac SPECT to achieve information about the localization of parathyroid adenomas, myocardial perfusion, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at rest. A series of 22 patients with PHPT and no history of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris were recruited consecutively. At 60 minutes after injection of 700 MBq ^99mTc-sestamibi, SPECT of the neck and gated myocardial perfusion SPECT were performed at the same time. All of the patients who underwent parathyroidectomy had the parathyroid adenoma localized as predicted from the SPECT. Five patients (23%) had myocardial perfusion defects extending more than 15% (range 15–25%), and they had higher plasma parathyroid hormone levels (p = 0.03), and lower LVEF (p = 0.007) than patients without perfusion defects. We suggest that patients with hyperparathyroidism and suspected cardiovascular disease undergo^99m Tc-sestamibi parathyroid SPECT simultaneously with gated myocardial perfusion SPECT to obtain information about the resting perfusion status and cardiac systolic function. The results from myocardial perfusion SPECT can lead to initiation of cardiovascular treatment and eventually perioperative precautions.     

Retraining an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Calculate Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Pediatrics

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