Clinicopathological study of Fox–Fordyce disease

Fox–Fordyce disease (FFD) is a rare skin disease manifesting as multiple pruritic follicular papules involving the skin-bearing apocrine glands. Reports of FFD in Asian people are scant. In this retrospective study, we describe the clinicopathological findings of five cases of FFD affecting Taiwanese subjects. Clinically, all patients presented with numerous uniform, 2–3-mm, skin-colored to light brown, dome-shaped papules with smooth surface, which were distributed in the apocrine gland-containing areas. Pruritus varied from mild to severe. The histopathology is characterized by focal spongiosis in the upper infundibulum with perifollicular fibrosis and lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. FFD needs to be differentiated from lichen amyloidosis, Darier's disease, syringoma, lichen simplex chronicus and spongiotic dermatitis clinically or pathologically. The findings of focal spongiosis in upper infundibulum associated with a perifollicular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate can facilitate the diagnosis of FFD.     

中国反常性痤疮/化脓性汗腺炎诊疗专家共识（2021版）

【摘要】 反常性痤疮（AI）/化脓性汗腺炎（HS）是一种因毛囊闭锁导致毛囊皮脂腺单位受累的慢性复发性炎症性皮肤病,好发于顶泌汗腺分布区域,主要表现为青春期开始出现的疼痛性、深在性、炎症性皮损。AI/HS发病与遗传、炎症与免疫、微生物、肥胖及吸烟等因素相关。AI/HS治疗困难,目前的治疗以控制皮损发作频率和发作持续时间、提高患者生活质量为主。医生应根据病情严重程度分级治疗,药物治疗包括抗生素、维A酸类、生物制剂、免疫抑制剂以及抗雄激素药物等,辅助治疗包括外科手术或光电治疗。该共识旨在进一步规范中国AI/HS诊断与治疗方法,提高诊疗水平。     

反常性痤疮17例临床分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨反常性痤疮患者的临床特点以及治疗方案。 方法 对门诊诊治的17例反常性痤疮患者的一般情况、临床特点、治疗方案进行回顾性分析。 结果 17例患者均为男性,发病年龄20岁左右,病程2 ~ 50年,主要临床表现为颈部、腋窝、腹股沟、会阴、臀部出现疼痛性炎性丘疹、结节、脓肿,伴瘘管窦道形成,反复发作。10例患者有家族史,7例为散发病例。治疗方法主要是口服维A酸类药物联合抗生素治疗,较严重的患者采用外科手术治疗。 结论 反常性痤疮患者以顶泌汗腺部位出现脓肿、窦道、瘢痕为主要临床表现,治疗应根据皮损的严重程度选择不同的治疗方案。     

PsAPASH: a rare and recent autoinflammatory syndrome associated with hidradenitis suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which affects 1% of the population, being more common in young, obese and smokers, and mainly affects armpits and groin, with formation of pustules, nodules, abscesses, scars and fistulas. Recently, its association with other autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, pyogenic arthritis and ulcerative colitis have been reported. These associated forms are usually resistant to standard treatment, with immunobiologicals as promising therapy. The case of a rare form of association is reported, with only one case previously described in the literature: psoriasis arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acne and hidradenitis suppurativa.     

Two cases of Hidradenitis suppurativa and botulinum toxin type a therapy: A novel approach for a pathology that is still difficult to manage

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic skin disease with an intense inflammatory activation. It typically affects the intertriginous areas with cysts, fistulae, and scarring extremely painful. Patients suffer from severe psychological impact. HS still results in a high unmet medical need with several underdiagnosed cases, probably due to the incomplete knowledge of the pathogenesis of HS. The use of botulinum toxin a has recently been proposed as an effective therapy for HS.     

Uso de la espironolactona en dermatología: acné, hidradenitis supurativa,alopecia femenina e hirsutismo

Spironolactone is an economical potassium-sparing diuretic with an anti-androgenic effect and a good safety profile. Our experience suggests that this diuretic is underexploited in dermatology even though there is evidence supporting its use in several skin conditions. When prescribed for acne in female patients (level 1–2 evidence; strength of recommendation, B), for example, it can reduce the need for antibiotics and possibly isotretinoin. Other diseases in which spironolactone is potentially useful are hidradenitis suppurativa and female androgenetic alopecia. We discuss the indications for spironolactone, dosing in dermatology, precautions to consider, and adverse effects. We also review new evidence that stresses the safety of long-term therapy and supports the use of this drug without the need for complementary testing in young women. We think that spironolactone merits a place among the medications commonly used in routine clinical practice.     

Angiokeratoma of Fordyce response to long pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment

Angiokeratoma of Fordyce can be easily diagnosed by their typical erythra and cured by varied therapeutic methods including surgery, electrocoagulation, cryotherapy, or various laser systems. Which are the optimal therapeutic methods? There are no consentaneous opinions in the reported articles. We present our characteristic treatment with the application of long pulsed neodymium–dopedyttrium–aluminum–garne (lpNd:YAG) laser in the treatment of angiokeratoma of Fordyce. A 1064 nm lpNd:YAG laser (spot size: 5 mm/7 mm, energy:90–130 J/cm², and pulse duration: 10–20 ms.) was used to treat the patient's lesions. The desirable clinical endpoint of the treatment was lesions shrunk and turned pallor immediately after the irradiation. The treatment interval was at least 8 weeks. Of the 11 patients, 9 of them were cured and 2 of them were improved. The mean treatment sessions were 2.2 times. None of them had a scar formation and any other side effects. All of them were satisfied with the treatment results. We conclude that angiokeratoma of Fordyce responded well to lpNd:YAG laser treatment. It provided a simple, rapid, and no bleeding treatment in treating Angiokeratoma of Fordyce.     

Clindamycin Mono-Therapy of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

BackgroundA rifampicin (RF)-clindamycin (CL) combination therapy is recommended as the first-line treatment for moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Although the long-term use of RF requires caution due to the possibility of developing resistant bacteria, only a few studies have investigated alternatives for this combination therapy.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of systemic CL mono-therapy and assess the prevalence and CL resistance of bacterial growth in HS patients.MethodsA total of 53 HS patients treated with CL mono-therapy were included. The efficacy was evaluated by identifying the rate of HS Clinical Response (Hi-SCR) achievers and comparing HS Physician’s Global Assessment (HS-PGA) before (W0) and after (W8) the treatment. Purulent material from HS skin lesions was collected on the W0. Bacterial flora and antibiotic sensitivity were determined by bacterial cultures.ResultsOf 53 HS patients, 34 were eligible for evaluation of the efficacy of the therapy. Twenty-one patients (61.76%) achieved Hi-SCR. The mean scoring of HS-PGA had significantly decreased from 3.24 to 2.15 (p=0.001). The prevalence of CL resistance was 15.00%. No significant differences in the efficacy of the therapy according to the presence of CL-resistant bacteria on the W0 were observed (p=0.906). Adverse events occurred in 26.42% of patients.ConclusionSystemic CL mono-therapy may be a safe and useful alternative to RF-CL combination therapy, and no significant difference in the efficacy of the therapy depending on the presence of CL-resistant bacteria was observed.     

A case of successful treatment of Fordyce spots with a single insulated microneedle radiofrequency device

Fordyce spots are ectopic sebaceous glands which typically present as asymptomatic, multiple whitish, or yellowish 1–3‐mm sized papules on the lips. Several therapeutic approaches have been proposed such as laser, electrical or chemical ablation, and micropunch excision. However, these modalities pose the risk of scarring from inevitable surface damage. In this report, we present a case of Fordyce spots which was successfully treated with intralesional electrocoagulation using a proximally insulated microneedle and monopolar radiofrequency device, resulting in marked cosmetic improvements without surface damage.     

On the propionibacteria in the pilosebaceous ducts of uninvolved skin of acne patients

Summary In 24 persons with a severe inflammatory acne and 48 control subjects, bacteria were sampled from the sebaceous gland excretory ducts with the glass sampling head method according to Holland et al. After anaerobic culture bacterial counts were performed. The total numbers of P. acnes and the frequency of detection of P. granulosum were determined. The bacterial counts of P. acnes were almost idendical in the two collectives. P. granulosum was detected at a significantly higher frequence in the acne patients than in the control subjects. It can be assumed on the basis of the results that an increase in the bacterial counts of P. acnes is not to be regarded as a pathogenetic factor in the inflammatory acne of older patients. On the other hand, they suggest that P. granulosum may have an appreciable role in acne.     

A case series of 11 patients with hormone‐responsive sebaceous adenitis of the labia minora

Sebaceous adenitis, an idiopathic inflammation of the sebaceous gland, is a condition that is well described in animals but has been reported only thrice previously in humans. We present a series of 11 cases of sebaceous adenitis that presented as tender nodular lesions clinically similar to hidradenitis suppurativa, but was confined to the labia minora. All cases responded to tetracyclines and anti‐androgen therapy.     

Report of two angiokeratoma of Fordyce cases treated with a 1064 nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser

Various laser treatment modalities for angiokeratomas have been reported in the literature. A 60-year-old male patient presented for the treatment of multiple angiokeratomas of the scrotum and a 56-year-old female patient presented for the treatment of vulvar angiokeratomas. A 1064 nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to treat the patients' lesions. The patients received two laser treatment sessions at an interval of 2 months. Nd:YAG laser treatment yielded successful results in the treatment of our patients' scrotal and vulvar angiokeratomas following two application sessions. We suggest that a long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser is a safe and effective method for the treatment of angiokeratoma of Fordyce.     

Hidradenitis suppurativa: retrospective study of 20 cases

In this study, twenty cases of severe hidradenitis suppurativa are reported, mainly in non-white people and in axillary areas. Wide surgical excision has offered good results, although relapses have occurred at variable intervals in the follow-up period.