Mediating effect of social support on the relationship between resilience and burden in caregivers of people with dementia

ObjectiveThis study examined different predictive factors of burden in a sample of family caregivers of patients with dementia (PWD). In particular, the influence of social support and resilience on burden was tested, considering potential mediation effects.MethodsA total of 283 primary and family caregivers in Spain were evaluated using a standardized protocol to assess sociodemographic characteristics, clinical state of PWD and specific variables of caregiving and care providers.ResultsThe role of caregiver of PWD was more common in women, reporting significantly higher levels of burden than men. Resilience and social support accounted for most of the variance in burden. Furthermore, social support partially mediated the relationship between resilience and burden in caregivers.ConclusionsCaregivers’ resilience and social support are protective factors against burden in caregivers of PWD. Both factors should be considered for tailored interventions aimed at reducing the health costs of burden in this population.     

社区老年高血压患者焦虑、抑郁与社会支持的相关性研究

目的探讨社区老年高血压患者情绪状态与社会支持之间的相关性。方法采用自行设计的一般情况问卷、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）对老年高血压患者500例进行评定分析。结果社区老年高血压患者焦虑评分与社会支持总分、主观支持总分、客观支持总分及对支持的利用度呈负相关（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）; 社区老年高血压患者抑郁评分与社会支持总分、主观支持总分、客观支持总分及对支持的利用度呈负相关（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论社区老年高血压患者的焦虑、抑郁和社会支持密切相关,提高社区老年高血压人群的社会支持可能有助于促进其身心健康。     

Mediating effect of social support on the association between life events and depression: A cross-sectional study of adolescents in Chongqing China

Depression is one of the most common mental health problems in adolescents. The link between negative life events and depression has been well established. However, our understanding about the role of social support in the link, which is likely culture-dependent, is quite limited. This study aimed to determine the mediating effect of social support on the association between life events and depression in adolescents in Chongqing China.A total of 1512 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years old in Chongqing of China were selected using a stratified cluster sampling strategy. Depression symptoms, negative life events, and perceived social support of the participants were measured using the Children''s Depression Inventory, Adolescent Life Event Scale, and Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale, respectively. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to detect their associations. A multivariate linear regression model was established to determine the association between life events and depression after adjustment for variations in socio-demographic variables. The mediating effect of social support on the association between negative life events and depression was tested using the structural equation model.About 16.8% of the participants were detected with depression. Depression was associated with negative life events and low levels of social support (P < .05). Both frequency and perceived importance of social support showed a mediating effect on the association between life events and depression.Social support has a mediating effect on the association between life events and depression. Strengthening social support may be considered as an effective interventional strategy on depression in adolescents.     

肺动脉高压患者血浆肾上腺髓质素水平与肺动脉压力的关系

目的探讨肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension，PH)患者血浆肾上腺髓质素(adrenomedullin，AM)的浓度与肺动脉压力的关系。方法选择正常肺动脉压力患者和轻度、中度、重度肺动脉高压患者各10例，在术中分别从肺动脉和肺静脉中抽血用放射免疫法测定AM含量。结果肺动脉血浆AM浓度与肺动脉压力呈显著正相关；肺静脉血浆AM浓度低于肺动脉AM浓度，且其浓度差值与肺动脉压力呈显著正相关。结论AM参与了肺动脉高压的病理生理过程，并在肺内部分代谢，对肺血管张力的调节起重要作用。     

Moderating effect of mindfulness on the relationship between anxiety and somatization symptoms in middle-aged and elderly female patients with hypertension

To explore the moderating effect of mindfulness on the relationship between anxiety and somatization symptoms in middle-aged and elderly female patients with hypertension and provide a foundation for the development of more effective mindfulness intervention strategies. A total of 109 middle-aged and elderly female patients with hypertension participated in this cross-sectional study from April to July 2022 and provided valid responses to the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Somatization Symptom Self-rating Scale (SSS). The moderating effect of mindfulness was determined using multiple linear regression. The participants’ average scores were as follows: mindfulness: 123.86 ± 10.49; anxiety: 7.41 ± 3.62; and somatization symptoms: 41.2 ± 9.44. The anxiety (P = .000) and somatization symptoms (P = .001) of participants with high mindfulness were significantly reduced. Anxiety was positively correlated with somatization symptoms (r = 0.606, P = .000), while mindfulness was negatively correlated with both anxiety (r = -0.468, P = .000) and somatization symptoms (r = -0.439, P = .000). Moreover, mindfulness had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between anxiety and somatization symptoms (n = 109) (B = -0.166, t = -2.125, P = .036). The effect of mindfulness on anxiety and somatization symptoms was more significant in participants with low mindfulness levels (n = 56) (B = 0.144, t = 2.805, P = .008) than in participants with high mindfulness levels (n = 53) (B = -0.037, t = -0.864, P = .393). The moderating effect analysis based on regression analysis showed that mindfulness had a significant moderating effect on anxiety and somatization symptoms, especially in participants with low mindfulness levels.     

The relationship between inflammation and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension

BACKGROUND: Data about the correlation between augmentation index (AIx), timing of the reflected waveform (T(r)) and inflammatory markers in patients with essential hypertension are not yet well established. The aim of this study was to compare plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), white blood cell count and fibrinogen in hypertensive patients and in normotensive controls and to assess the relationship between inflammatory markers and arterial stiffness. METHODS: Forty-two healthy middle-aged patients with untreated stage I-II essential hypertension and 42 sex- and age-matched controls were recruited in the study. Pulse wave analysis was used to assess AIx and T(r). RESULTS: Plasma hsCRP, white blood cell count, AIx and T(r) were significantly higher in the patients with essential hypertension. In multiple regression analysis, AIx correlated positively with age, female gender, mean arterial pressure and log(hsCRP), and negatively with heart rate and height (R(2)=0.75, p<0.001). T(r) correlated negatively with log(hsCRP) (r=-0.34, p=0.002) for the whole study group. However, after adjusting for mean arterial pressure, age, height, heart rate and sex to the regression model, no correlation was revealed between log(hsCRP) and T(r) (p=0.35) as the dependent variable (R(2)=0.48, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Untreated hypertensive patients with low or moderate total cardiovascular risk had significantly increased blood hsCRP and white blood cell count and arterial stiffness, expressed as AIx and T(r). AIx correlated independently with hsCRP in multiple regression analysis. Measurement of arterial stiffness and inflammation can be suggested as an additional tool to assess cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with low or moderate total cardiovascular risk as estimated by traditional risk factors.     

Moderators of the effect of social support on depressive symptoms in cardiac patients

Social support and depression have been shown to affect the prognosis of coronary patients, and social support has been found to influence depression in community and patient samples. We investigated the characteristics of coronary patients whose depressive symptomatology was most likely to improve with social support. We predicted that social support would be most beneficial for the most severely depressed, the old, the poor, the most severely ill, and those with poor functional status. Patients (n = 590) with documented coronary artery disease were assessed for depressive symptoms, social support, and functional status while in hospital. They were reassessed for depression 1 month later during a home visit. Depression scores were lower at follow-up (p = 0.001), and improvement was more marked among those reporting more support (p <0.001). The social support effect was strongest among those with high levels of depression at baseline (p <0.001) and those with lower income (p = 0.01). Unexpectedly, social support was more strongly associated with improvement in younger patients (p = 0.01). Social support did not interact with gender, disease severity, or functional status. These findings are partially consistent with the notion that social support is most effective for those who are most vulnerable and/or have few coping resources. These findings also have implications for the design and interpretation of psychosocial interventions.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发肺动脉高压与炎症反应的相关性研究

目的:通过对C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)及B型脑尿钠肽(BNP)的检测,观察炎症反应与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发肺动脉高压的关系。方法:收集首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院呼吸科及急诊重症监护病房,2011年9月至2012年7月收治的COPD患者80例,其中女性32例,男性48例;平均年龄(74±9)岁;平均FEV1%预计值为(59.4±29.4)%;根据彩色多普勒超声心动仪测定肺动脉收缩压;颗粒增强免疫透射比浊法(PETIA)测定血清CRP,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清IL-6及TNF-α,化学发光微粒子免疫检测法(CMIA)测定血浆BNP。结果:80例患者中COPD并发肺动脉高压组(A组)及COPD肺动脉压正常组(B组)各40例。A组CRP[中位数6.5(2.7～21.1)mg/L]、IL-6[中位数106.6(41.0-368.6)ng/L]、TNF-α[(19.4±10.2)ng/L]、BNP[中位数137.0(92.2～299.6)ng/L],均高于B组患者:CRP[中位数1.9(0.6～5.2)ng/L]、IL-6[中位数73.9(12.0～152.1)ng/L、TNF-α[(14.9±5.3)ng/L]、BNP[中位数45.1(20.4-98.5)ng/L]。各因子水平存在显著差异,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析提示CRP、BNP与COPD并发肺动脉高压相关。结论:COPD并发肺动脉高压患者CRP、IL-6、TNF-α及BNP较COPD肺动脉压正常患者高,提示炎症反应可能是COPD患者形成肺动脉高压的重要因素。     

自我效能在老年功能性消化不良患者社会支持和健康促进生活方式间的中介作用

背景自我效能和社会支持均能影响患者健康问题.目前对老年功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia, FD)患者从自我效能和社会支持角度探索研究较少.因此本研究探讨老年FD患者的自我效能在社会支持,健康促进生活方式间的中介作用,为今后临床开展促进老年FD患者健康水平工作提供客观依据.目的探讨自我效能在老年FD患者社会支持和健康促进生活方式间的中介作用.方法选择2018-10/2019-10在浙江省金华市第二医院住院治疗的老年FD患者162例,采用一般自我效能问卷,社会支持量表及健康促进生活方式量表进行调查.结果老年FD患者社会支持总分为37.65分±6.58分,处于中度水平;一般自我效能感量表总分为27.62分±5.48分,属于中度水平;健康促进生活方式量表总分为120.85分±20.73分,处于一般水平.通过Pearson相关性分析表明,老年FD患者健康促进生活方式,社会支持及自我效能均呈正相关(P<0.05),社会支持总分,客观支持维度与一般自我效能呈正相关(P<0.01).以自我效能感作中介变量,社会支持作自变量,健康促进生活方式作因变量进行分层回归分析.中介效应估计值为0.458×0.384=0.175,占总效应之比为(0.458×0.384)/(0.458×0.384+0.431)=28.87%.结果表明,标准化回归系数均达显著水平(P<0.01),说明自我效能在老年FD患者社会支持和健康促进间具有中介作用.在多元线性回归分析基础上,采用非参百分位检验取样方法,取95%的置信区间使用Bootstrap法对自我效能感的中介效应进行检验,结果表明,自我效能感中介效应的95%的置信区间为0.115-0.223,P <0.05,说明自我效能感在社会支持和健康促进生活方式间起中介作用.结论老年FD患者社会支持,自我效能以及健康促进生活方式处于中等或一般水平;自我效能在社会支持与健康促进间起部分中介作用.所以,在临床工作中医护人员要加强老年FD患者的社会支持,提高患者自我效能,从而提升健康促进生活方式水平,改善患者健康情况.     

肺血栓栓塞症患者高敏C反应蛋白水平与肺动脉压相关性的研究

目的探讨急、慢性肺血栓栓塞症患者血清高敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP）的差异及其与肺动脉压之间的相关性。方法选择肺血栓栓塞症患者102例,其中急性44例,慢性58例。所有患者均经多普勒超声心动图检查,将两组患者各自分为肺动脉压正常组与高压组,采用颗粒增强免疫透射比浊法检测hs-CRP水平。结果急性组hs-CRP（24.0±13.4 mg/L）明显高于慢性组（5.2±4.6 mg/L）（P〈0.01）。急性患者中肺动脉压正常组与高压组hs-CRP无明显差异（P=0.338）。慢性患者肺动脉压正常组hs-CRP（3.3±3.0）明显低于高压组（9.5±4.7 mg/L）（P〈0.05）。慢性肺血栓栓塞症肺动脉高压组患者hs-CRP水平和肺动脉压呈正相关（P〈0.05）。结论急性肺血栓栓塞症患者血清hs-CRP水平明显升高,慢性肺血栓栓塞症肺动脉高压组患者血清hs-CRP水平和肺动脉压显著相关。血清hs-CRP水平可用于PTE的危险分层及判断预后。     

Investigation of the relationship between arterial stiffness and sleep architecture in patients with essential hypertension

A change in sleep architecture might increase the risk of hypertension and worsen target organs. This study thus aimed to study the features of sleep architecture and examine its relationship with pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, in patients with essential hypertension and healthy people aged 45–65 years (n?=?106). We collected data on demographics, the serum index, overnight polysomnography, vascular testing and ambulatory blood pressure in addition to measuring arterial stiffness and monitoring sleep respiration. We found that patients with hypertension had longer sleep latency and shorter duration. Their sleep efficiency and the ratio of N3 in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement were lower, while the micro-arousal index (MI), N1 and N2 in NREM, and the apnea-hypopnea index were higher than normal people in controls. PWV raised with a decrease in N3 and an increase in the MI. In summary, there were notable changes in sleep architecture and with a decrease in N3 and increase in MI can accelerate arterial stiffness and then worsen target organ damage in patients with hypertension.     

国产阿托伐他汀钙治疗肺动脉高压的初步疗效观察

目的评价国产阿托伐他汀钙治疗肺动脉高压（PAH）的疗效,探讨其疗效的作用机制。方法选择2008年1月至2012年1月在我院住院的52例PAH患者：包括先天性体肺分流导致的PAH（CAD—PAH）28例、特发性PAH（IPAH）16例．结缔组织病相关的PAH（CTD—PAH）8例。将患者随机分为对照组和观察组：两组患者均给予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上加用国产阿托伐他汀钙口服,20mg／d。分别观察治疗前、治疗6个月后患者的平均肺动脉压（mPAP）、动脉血气分析指标（PaO,）、超声心动图观察右室内径的变化（RVD）;测定6min步行试验距离（6MWD）、血肌酸激酶（CK）及转氨酶（ALT／AST）的变化。结果（1）观察组患者治疗6个月后mPAP较治疗前及对照组有所降低（P〈0．05）;（2）治疗后两组患者PaO,升高,且观察组升高更明显,（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;（3）治疗后RVD无明显缩小（P〉0,05）;（4）两组患者治疗后6MWD均有所延长,但两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉·0．05）;（5）所有患者未出现明显不良反应,如肌肉痛、肌酶及转氨酶升高等（P〉0．05）。结论国产阿托伐他汀钙治疗6个月后能使PAH患者mPAP有所下降,血氧饱和度升高;但右室内径无明显缩小、运动耐量提高不明显。估计与样本量较小,治疗观察时间过短有关,长期疗效尚需进一步研究。     

尘肺合并肺结核患者心理健康与社会支持相关性分析

<正>尘肺(pneumoconiosis)是由于各类有机和无机粉尘的吸入,并在肺内潴留而引起的慢性进行性肺组织弥漫性纤维化的全身性疾病,《我国卫生健康事业发展统计公报》数据显示,2017年尘肺占我国新报告职业病病例总数的84.84%,累积报告85万例以上,是患病率最高的职业病~([1])。尘肺缺乏有效治疗手段,其进行性的弥漫性肺组织纤维化,导致呼吸系统防御功能下降,同时巨噬细胞因吞噬肺尘而裂解死亡,     

Bosentan therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: the relationship between improvements in 6 minute walk distance and quality of life

Background and objective:   Bosentan, an oral, dual endothelin receptor antagonist, significantly improves functional status, haemodynamic measures and survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, there are limited data on the effect of bosentan on quality of life (QOL) and its relationship to changes in functional status, as measured by the 6 minute walk distance (6MWD).
Methods:   A retrospective analysis was performed of a large, open-label, multicentre trial (VITAL) of bosentan in patients with PAH. Data for 6MWD were collected at baseline, 3 or 6 months and these results were correlated with QOL measurements collected as part of the assessment of patients enrolled in the trial.
Results:   Sixty-nine patients with PAH (mean age 52 years) who were enrolled in the trial had valid QOL (SF-36) measurements and 6MWD data that could be retrieved from clinical notes. At 3 and 6 months, bosentan therapy improved 6MWD compared with baseline (49.5 m and 47.2 m, respectively, P  < 0.001) as well as QOL domains, with a significant correlation between these two markers on cross-sectional analysis. However, there was a poor relationship when comparing changes in 6MWD with changes in QOL, in response to therapy.
Conclusion:   Bosentan therapy was associated with improvements in QOL and 6MWD for at least 6 months. At all measured time points, there was a close correlation between 6MWD and most QOL domains. QOL is an important parameter and should be considered as part of the standard assessment for any trial investigating therapy in PAH.     

Clinical aspects of pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

Clinical aspects and pathology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been reported to be similar to those in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). To determine whether PH in these patients is similar, we compared the clinical characteristics, hemodynamics at diagnosis, and survival in groups of patients with SLE–PH and IPAH. We reviewed the case records of 20 patients with SLE–PH and 34 patients with IPAH, who had been assessed by echocardiography or right cardiac catheterization at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, from January 1995 to October 2003. Clinical features, laboratory data, chest X-rays, electrocardiogram results, pulmonary function tests, pulmonary perfusion scans, echocardiographic findings, serologic profiles, and survival were compared in the two groups of patients. The mean follow-up period was 18.1±20.6 months for patients with SLE–PH and 33.0±23.4 months for patients with IPAH. During follow-up, 12 SLE–PH (60%) and 11 IPAH (32%) patients died. For SLE–PH, the 3-year survival rate was 44.9% and the 5-year survival rate was 16.8%. For IPAH, the 3-year survival rate was 73.4% and the 5-year survival rate was 68.2% (p=0.02). There were no other significant differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory data between the two groups. In contrast to previous reports that the prognosis of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with collagen vascular disease was better than that of patients with IPAH, we found that the prognosis of patients with SLE–PH was much worse than that of patients with IPAH.     

恢复期脑卒中后残疾患者抑郁状态与残疾的关系

目的探讨恢复期脑卒中后残疾患者抑郁状态与残疾的关系及自我效能、社会支持的中介效应。方法采用改良Barthel指数量表、抑郁自评量表、一般自我效能感量表、社会支持评定量表,对恢复期脑卒中后残疾患者进行调查。结果恢复期脑卒中后残疾患者抑郁状态、自我效能均可直接预测其残疾状况,自我效能、社会支持在患者抑郁状态与残疾间发挥部分中介效应。结论对恢复期脑卒中后残疾患者进行康复训练时,应以结构方程模型为基础,通过对患者的全面评估给予个体针对性的干预措施,提高患者的自我效能,增强对患者的社会支持,从而有效改善患者的残疾状况。     

肺动脉高压患者血浆肾上腺髓质素水平与肺动脉压力的关系

目的：探讨肺动脉高压（pulmonary hypertension,PH)患者血浆肾上腺髓质素（a-drenomedullin,AM)的浓度与肺动脉压力的关系。方法：选择正常肺动脉压力患者和轻度、中度、重度肺动脉高压患者各10例，在术中分别从肺动脉和肺静脉中抽血用放射免疫法测定AM含量。结果：肺动脉血浆AM浓度与肺动脉压力呈显著正相关；肺静脉血浆AM浓度低于肺动脉AM浓度，且其浓度差值与肺动脉压力呈显著正相关。结论：AM参与了肺动脉高压的病理生理过程，并在肺内部分代谢，对肺血管张力的调节起重要作用。