Associations between PXK and TYK2 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether phox homology domain containing serine/threonine kinase (PXK) and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) confer susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Materials and methods

The authors conducted meta-analyses on associations between SLE susceptibility and the rs6445975 polymorphism of PXK and the rs2304256, rs12720270, rs280519, and rs1272036 polymorphisms of TYK2.

Results

A total of 13 separate comparisons studies were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis identified an association between SLE and the 2 allele of the rs6445975 polymorphism in the overall population [odds ratio (OR)?=?1.151, 95?% confidence interval (CI)?=?1.086–1.291, P?=?1.8E?06]. Stratification by ethnicity identified a significant association between this polymorphism and SLE in Europeans (OR?=?1.198, 95?% CI?=?1.118–1.285, P?=?3.4E?07), but not in Asians. Meta-analysis identified a significant negative association between SLE and the 2 allele of the rs2304256 polymorphism in the overall population (OR?=?0.808, 95?% CI?=?0.659–0.990, P?=?0.040), and a significant negative association was found in Europeans, but not in Asians.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis shows that the rs6445975 polymorphism of PXK and the rs2304256 polymorphism of TYK2 are associated with the development of SLE in Europeans.     

Associations between interleukin-10 polymorphisms and susceptibility to psoriasis: a meta-analysis

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether three specific interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms confer susceptibility to psoriasis.

Methods

A meta-analysis was conducted on the associations between the IL-10-1082 G/A, -592 C/A polymorphisms and haplotypes of the IL-10-1082 G/A, -592 C/A, -819 C/T polymorphisms and psoriasis.

Results

A total of eight studies involving 1,018 psoriasis patients and 1,186 controls were considered in the meta-analysis. No association was found between psoriasis and the IL-10-1082 G allele in all study subjects [odds ratio (OR)?=?1.098, 95?% confidence interval (CI)?=?0.923?1.306, p?=?0.291] or between this allele and psoriasis in Europeans (OR?=?0.990, 95?% CI?=?0.809?1.214, p?=?0.925), but a significant association was found in Asians (OR?=?1.785, 95?% CI?=?1.144?2.76, p?=?0.011). Three polymorphisms at the promoter region of IL-10 (-1082 G/A, -819 C/T, -592 C/A) are known to be in complete linkage disequilibrium, but no association was found between the haplotype and psoriasis.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis shows that the IL-10-1082 G/A polymorphism confers susceptibility to psoriasis in Asians, and suggests that the IL-10 promoter -1082 polymorphism has an ethnicity-specific effect.     

A disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 (ADAM33) gene polymorphisms and the risk of asthma: A meta-analysis

Polymorphisms in the ADAM33 gene have been associated with asthma, but the data are controversial. Therefore, we reviewed the related studies and quantitatively summarized the associations between ADAM33 polymorphisms and asthma risk using meta-analysis. A dominant model (AA+Aa vs. aa), recessive model (AA vs. Aa+aa), additive model (AA vs. aa) and allelic model (A vs. a) were used to estimate the association between ADAM33 polymorphism and asthma risk. A total of 29 case–control studies referring to 14 SNPs were identified: rs2280091(T1), rs2787094(V4), rs528557(S2), rs2280090(T2), rs511898(F+1), rs44707(ST+4), rs3918396(S1), rs543749(V−1), rs574174(ST+7), rs597980(ST+5), rs2853209(S+1), rs2280089(T+1), rs612709(Q−1), and rs3746631(V5). The results indicated that S1, V−1, V5, S+1, S2, ST+4, ST+7, ST+5, and Q−1 were not associated with asthma. Significant associations were found with the T1, V4, F+1 and T+1 polymorphisms in the overall population. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, a positive result was only found for the T1, V4, F+1 and T2 polymorphisms in Asia but not in Europe or Latin America. This meta-analysis provides evidence that the T1, V4, F+1, T2, and T+1 polymorphisms in the ADAM33 gene are risk factors for asthma, especially in the Asian population.     

Association Study of Common Genetic Variants in Pre-microRNAs in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Background

Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs (miRNA) have been shown to be associated with susceptibility to several human diseases. We evaluated the associations of three SNPs (rs11614913, rs2910164, and rs3746444) in pre-miRNAs (miR-196a2, miR-146a, and miR-499) with the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) in a Japanese population.

Methods

The rs11614913 (T?>?C), rs2910164 (C?>?G), and rs3746444 (A?>?G) SNPs were genotyped in 170 UC and 403 control subjects.

Results

The rs3746444 AG genotype was significantly higher among the UC group (odds ratio (OR)?=?1.51, 95% CI?=?1.03?C2.21, p?=?0.037). The rs3746444 AG genotype was associated with onset at an older age (OR?=?1.70, 95% CI?=?1.04?C2.78, p?=?0.035), left-sided colitis and pancolitis (left-sided colitis, OR?=?2.10, 95% CI?=?1.12?C3.94, p?=?0.024; pancolitis, OR?=?1.81, 95% CI?=?1.09?C3.01, p?=?0.028, left-sided colitis?+?pancolitis, OR?=?1.91, 95% CI?=?1.26?C2.92, p?=?0.003), higher number of times hospitalized (OR?=?2.63, 95% CI?=?1.22?C5.69, p?=?0.017), steroid dependence (OR?=?2.63, 95% CI?=?1.27?C5.44, p?=?0.014), and refractory phenotypes (OR?=?2.76, 95% CI?=?1.46?C5.21, p?=?0.002) while the rs3746444 AA genotype was inversely associated with the number of times hospitalized (2??, OR?=?0.36, 95% CI?=?0.17?C0.79, p?=?0.012), steroid dependence (OR?=?0.42, 95% CI?=?0.21?C0.88, p?=?0.021), and refractory phenotypes (OR?=?0.38, 95% CI?=?0.20?C0.72, p?=?0.003). The rs1161913 TT genotype also held a significantly higher risk of refractory phenotype (T/T vs. T/C?+?C/C, OR?=?2.21, 95% CI?=?1.17?C4.18, p?=?0.016).

Conclusions

Our results provided the first evidence that rs3746444 SNP may influence the susceptibility to UC, and both rs3746444 and rs11614913 SNPs may influence the pathophysiological features of UC.     

Association of IL23R polymorphisms with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a meta-analysis

Background

The association of variants in the IL23R gene with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a robust genetic finding

Objectives

To assess whether combined evidence shows the association between IL23R polymorphisms and susceptibility to psoriasis/PsA.

Methods

We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the association between the IL23R rs11209026 (Q381R), rs7530511 (L310P), and rs2201841 polymorphisms and psoriasis/PsA.

Results

Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria and contributed data to the meta-analysis. For rs11209026, the odds ratios (ORs) of minor alleles for psoriasis and PsA were 0.616 [95?% confidence interval (CI) 0.563–0.674] and 0.630 (95?% CI 0.524–0.757), respectively. For rs7530511, the pooled ORs were 0.820 (95?% CI 0.764–0.879) for psoriasis and 0.875 (95?% CI 0.766–1.000) for PsA; for rs2201841 the OR was 1.121 (95?% CI 1.031–1.219) for psoriasis. In genotypic analysis, the association of rs11209026 (A) and rs7530511 (T) were compatible with the dominant model (P?P?=?0.001 respectively). The overall ORs for GG vs. AA (OR 1.339; 95?% CI 1.151–1.558), GG vs. GA (OR 1.143; 95?% CI 1.004–1.300), dominant (OR 1.226; 95?% CI 1.143–1.316), and recessive (OR 1.254; 95?% CI 1.115–1.411) models of rs2201841 were all significantly increased in psoriasis. No publication bias was present.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate a significant association between IL23R gene polymorphisms and psoriasis/PsA.     

The association between interleukin-6 polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether the functional interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter ?174 G/C and ?572 G/C polymorphisms confer susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in ethnically different populations.

Methods

Meta-analysis was conducted on the associations between these IL-6 polymorphisms and RA.

Results

A total of nine studies involving 3,851 subjects (RA 2,053 and controls 1,798) were considered in this study and ethnicity-specific meta-analysis was performed on European subjects. In all study subjects, meta-analysis revealed a trend toward to an association between RA and the IL-6 ?174 G allele (odds ratio [OR]?=?0.699, 95?% confidence interval [CI]?=?0.463–1.054, p?=?0.088). Stratification by ethnicity indicated a significant association between RA and the IL-6 ?174 G/C polymorphism in Europeans using the dominant (OR?=?0.329, 95?% CI?=?0.155–0.699, p?=?0.004) and recessive (OR?=?0.823, 95?% CI?=?0.679–0.997, p?=?0.047) models. Meta-analysis of the IL-6 ?572 G/C polymorphism showed no association between RA and the IL-6 ?572 G allele in all study subjects (OR?=?1.641, 95?% CI?=?0.613–4.397, p?=?0.324).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis shows that the IL-6 ?174 G/C polymorphism may confer susceptibility to RA in Europeans.     

T1 polymorphism in a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33 (<Emphasis Type="Italic">ADAM33</Emphasis>) gene may contribute to the risk of childhood asthma in Asians

Objective

Polymorphisms in ADAM33 gene have been implicated in susceptibility to the risk of childhood asthma. However, the results remain controversial. We performed meta-analyses to clarify the relationship between them.

Methods

Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of the associations.

Results

Fourteen studies with five ADAM33 polymorphisms (F?+?1, T1, T2, S2, and V4) were identified, involving 2687 cases and 2996 controls. ADAM33 F?+?1, T2, and T1 polymorphisms showed significant associations with asthma risks in the overall and Caucasian children, Asian children, and Caucasian and Chinese children, respectively; however, these significant results were unstable in sensitivity analysis. T1 revealed significant and stable associations with asthma risks among Asian children in the dominant (OR?=?2.00, 95% CI?=?1.40–2.87, P?=?0.0002) and codominant (OR?=?3.06, 95% CI?=?1.71–5.50, P?=?0.0002) models; in cumulative meta-analyses, these significant results were robust. Concerning S2 or V4 polymorphism, no significant associations were observed.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that ADAM33 T1 polymorphism might be a potential susceptible predictor of asthma for Asian children. Further functional studies between this polymorphism and asthma risks are warranted.

     

Associations between interleukin-23R and interleukin-12B polymorphisms and psoriasis susceptibility: a meta-analysis

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether interleukin (IL)-23?R and IL-12B polymorphisms confer susceptibility to psoriasis.

Methods: The authors conducted a meta-analysis on associations between the IL-23?R and IL-12B polymorphisms and psoriasis susceptibility.

Results: A total of 14 comparison studies were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis identified a significant association between psoriasis and 2 alleles of the rs11209026 and rs7530511 polymorphisms in Europeans (odds ratio [OR]?=?0.624, 95% confidence interval [CI]?=?0.565–0.697, p?<?1.0?×?10^?8; OR?=?0.804, 95% CI?=?0.743–0.869, p?=?3.0?×?10^?7, respectively). Meta-analysis of IL-12B showed a significant association between the 2 alleles of the rs6887695 and rs3212227 polymorphisms and the risk of developing psoriasis (OR?=?0.710, 95% CI?=?0.673–0.749, p?<?1.0?×?10^?8; OR?=?0.684, 95% CI?=?0.639–0.731, p?<?1.0?×?10^?8, respectively). Stratification by ethnicity identified an association between the rs6887695 and rs3212227 polymorphisms and psoriasis in Europeans.

Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed that the IL-23?R (rs11209026 and rs7530511) polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis risk in Europeans and that the IL-12B (rs6887695 and rs3212227) polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to psoriasis in Europeans.     

Polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 Gene and Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility: A Meta-analysis

Introduction

The +49A/G polymorphism and CT60 polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene have been extensively examined for the association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, results of different studies have been inconclusive. The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the genetic risks of +49A/G and CT60 polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 gene for RA.

Methods

A meta-analysis was carried out to analyze the association of +49A/G and CT60 polymorphisms with RA risk.

Results

A total of 30 case?Ccontrol studies in 20 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that the variant G allele carriers (GG + GA) of +49A/G polymorphism had an 18% increased risk of RA when compared with the homozygote AA (odds ratio (OR)?=?1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04?C1.34 for GG + AG vs. AA). In addition, the variant CT60 A allele carriers of CT60 polymorphism had a 14% decreased risk of RA when compared with the homozygote GG (OR?=?0.86, 95%CI?=?0.78?C0.95 for AA + AG vs. GG). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant elevated RA risks were associated with +49G allele carriers in Asians, but not in Europeans. However, for CT60 polymorphism, significant decreased RA risks were associated with CT60 A allele carriers in Europeans, but not in Asians.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis suggested that the +49A/G and CT60 polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 gene may be risk factors for RA.     

Association of ADAM33 gene polymorphisms with asthma in Indian children

Asthma is the most common chronic disorder in childhood, and asthma exacerbation is an important cause of childhood morbidity and hospitalization. In the present study, the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ADAM33 gene and asthma in Indian children has been examined using a case-control study. Five SNPs of the ADAM33 gene, F+1(rs511898) G/A, S2 (rs528557) G/C, ST+4 (rs44707) A/C, ST+5 (rs597980) C/T and V4 (rs2787094) C/G, were analyzed in 211 asthma cases and 137 controls aged 1-15 years using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Data were statistically analyzed using the χ(2)-test and logistic regression model. Haplotype estimation and linkage disequilibrium were conducted using the expectation-maximization algorithm. The genotypes and allele frequencies of SNPs S2 and ST+5 of the ADAM33 gene were significantly associated with asthma risk (P = 0.020 - < 0.001), whereas F+1, ST+4, V4 homozygous mutant genotypes and mutant alleles were significantly associated with increased asthma risk (P = 0.031 - < 0.001). A positive association was also found with haplotypes AGCCT, GGACT and AGCCC (P = < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 6.10-6.50), whereas ACAGT, AGCGC, AGCGT, GCAGC and GCCGT showed protective association with asthma (P = 0.019-0.000, OR = 0.50-0.20). Taken together, out results suggest that ADAM33 gene polymorphisms may modify individual susceptibility to develop childhood asthma in the Indian population.     

Association of polymorphic variants of IL-1β and IL-1RN genes in the development of Graves’ disease in Kashmiri population (North India)

Purpose

Graves’ disease (GD) is a multigenic, organ specific autoimmune disorder with a strong genetic predisposition and IL-1β has been shown to be involved in its pathogenesis. The present study was aimed to determine the genetic associations between polymorphisms of IL-1β gene promoter region (?511?T>C) (rs16944), exon 5 (+3954 C>T) (rs1143634) and IL-1RN gene VNTR (rs2234663) polymorphism in patients with GD in ethnic Kashmiri population.

PTPN22 1858C > T polymorphism and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis update

Studies performed in the past years showed PTNP22 1858?C?>?T (rs2476601) polymorphism as associated with systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility, although conflicting findings are still found. In this context, a powerful statistical study, such as meta-analysis, is necessary to establish a consensus. The aim of this study was to evaluate association studies between the PTPN22 1858?C?>?T polymorphism and SLE by a meta-analysis update, including three recently published studies in the last three?years. A total of 3868 SLE patients and 7458 healthy individuals were considered herein, enclosing 19 studies from Asian, American, European and Latin ethnic groups. Odds ratio (OR) was performed for allelic, dominant and recessive genetic models. Statistically significant association was found between the PTPN22 1858?C?>?T polymorphism and susceptibility to SLE in all inheritance models. Allelic genetic model data (OR?=?1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI)?=?1.38–1.72, p value=.000) shows that T allele confers increased SLE susceptibility. As well as recessive genetic model (OR?=?2.04, 95% CI?=?1.09–3.82, p value?=?.030) for T/T genotype. Instead, dominant genetic model shows that C/C genotype confers lower susceptibility for SLE development (OR?=?0.62, 95% CI?=?0.54–0.72, p value?=?.000). In addition, we provided an ethnicity-derived meta-analysis. The results showed association in Caucasian (OR?=?1.47, p value?=?.000) and Latin (OR?=?2.41, p value?=?.000) ethnic groups. However, rs2476601 polymorphism is not associated nor in Asian (OR=?1.31; p value?=?.54) and African (OR?=?2.04; p value=.22) populations. In conclusion, present meta-analysis update confirms that T allele and T/T genotype in PTPN22 1858?C?>?T polymorphism confers SLE susceptibility, particular in Caucasian and Latin groups, suggesting PTPN22 1858?C?>?T as a potential genetic marker in SLE susceptibility.     

The relevance of Tim-3 polymorphisms and F protein to the outcomes of HCV infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of liver inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) polymorphisms and the alternate reading frame protein (F protein) with the outcomes of HCV infection. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs10053538, rs12186731, and rs13170556) of Tim-3 were genotyped in this study, which included 203 healthy controls, 558 hepatitis C anti-F-positive patients, and 163 hepatitis C anti-F-negative patients. The results revealed that the rs12186731 CT and rs13170556 TC and CC genotypes were significantly less frequent in the anti-F-positive patients [odds ratio (OR)?=?0.54, 95 % confidence interval (CI)?=?0.35–0.83, p?=?0.005; OR?=?0.26, 95 % CI?=?0.18–0.39, p?<?0.001; and OR?=?0.19, 95 % CI?=?0.10–0.35, p?<?0.001, respectively), and the rs13170556 TC genotype was more frequent in the chronic HCV (CHC) patients (OR?=?1.70, 95 % CI?=?1.20–2.40, p?=?0.002). The combined analysis of the rs12186731 CT and rs13170556 TC/CC genotypes revealed a locus-dosage protective effect in the anti-F-positive patients (OR?=?0.22, 95 % CI?=?0.14–0.33, p _trend?<?0.001). Stratified analyses revealed that the frequencies of the rs12186731 (CT?+?TT) genotypes were significantly lower in the older (OR?=?0.31, 95 % CI?=?0.15–0.65, p?=?0.002) and female (OR?=?0.30, 95 % CI?=?0.17–0.52, p?<?0.001) subgroups, and rs13170556 (TC?+?CC) genotypes exhibited the same effect in all subgroups (all p?<?0.001) in the anti-F antibody generations. Moreover, the rs13170556 (TC?+?CC) genotypes were significantly more frequent in the younger (OR?=?1.86, 95 % CI?=?1.18–2.94, p?=?0.007) and female (OR?=?2.38, 95 % CI?=?1.48–3.83, p?<?0.001) subgroups of CHC patients. These findings suggest that the rs12186731 CT and rs13170556 TC/CC genotypes of Tim-3 provide potential protective effects with the F protein in the outcomes of HCV infection and that these effects are related to sex and age.     

A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of IL-21 Gene is Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Chinese Population

The aim of this study was to examine the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-21 gene with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Chinese population. A total of 605 independent SLE patients and 666 unrelated healthy controls were recruited for the case?Ccontrol association study. Two SNPs (rs2221903 and rs907715) within the IL-21 gene intronic region were genotyped by TaqMan SNP allelic discrimination methods. The allele T frequency of SNP rs2221903 in patients and healthy controls was 89.4?% and 86.8?%, respectively [T versus C, odds ratio (OR)?=?1.287, 95?% confidence interval (CI)?=?1.010?C1.640]. No significant differences in genotype frequencies were shown between SLE patients and healthy controls (P value?=?0.705, 0.406, respectively). However, the effect of recessive model (TT versus CC?+?CT, OR?=?1.368, 95?% CI?=?1.050?C1.781) was observed. Distributions of allele and genotype frequencies of the SNP rs907715 showed no significant differences between SLE patients and controls. Analysis of the haplotypes revealed that CC haplotype was significantly associated with SLE (OR?=?0.734, 95?% CI?=?0.573?C0.941). In conclusion, our findings suggest that a SNP (rs2221903) and CC haplotype (rs2221903 and rs907715) of the IL-21 gene is associated with SLE in the Chinese population. However, further studies are needed to determine the functional consequences of this polymorphism with SLE susceptibility.     

Association of tumor necrosis factor-�� (TNF-��) promoter polymorphisms with overweight/obesity in a Korean population

Objective

Obesity is characterized by the activation of an inflammatory process leading to an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines. This study was designed to investigate the genetic association between tumor necrosis factor-?? (TNF-??) polymorphisms and the risk of obesity in the Korean population.

Methods

Three single nucleotide polymorphisms [G-238A (rs361525), C-857T (rs1799724), and C-863A (rs1800630)] in the promoter region of TNF-?? gene were analyzed in 123 control [body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 23] and 208 overweight/obese (BMI????23) subjects.

Results

The mean values of BMI in the control and overweight/obese groups were 21.1?±?1.4 and 25.4?±?1.8, respectively. Of the three SNPs, G-238A presented a significant association with overweight/obesity in the codominant model; the frequency of the G/G genotype in the overweight/obese group was 9.3% higher than that in the control group (P?=?0.0046). When control and overweight/obesity subjects were combined together and analyzed, the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly higher in the C-857T C/C type SNP (P?Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the G allele of G-238A in TNF-?? gene may be a risk factor for overweight/obesity in the Korean population and that the C allele of C-857T may be an protective factor in relation to the HDL level in the general Korean population.     

Association of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory state. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a critical mediator of innate immunity. Polymorphisms in TLR4 gene have been shown to be associated with impaired inflammatory response. Here, we investigated the association of TLR4 polymorphisms with T2DM. Four TLR4 polymorphisms (+986A/G, +1196C/T, +3725G/C, and +11367G/C) were genotyped in a total number of 822 T2DM patients and 835 healthy controls. Results showed that the +986A/G and +1196C/T polymorphisms did not exist in the Han Chinese population. The prevalence of TLR4 +3725GC and CC genotypes were significantly decreased in T2DM cases than in controls (odds ratio (OR)?=?0.62, 95 % confidence interval (CI)?=?0.50–0.78, p?=?3.48?×?10^?5, and OR?=?0.36, 95 % CI?=?0.22–0.59, p?=?1.55?×?10^?5, respectively). Also, the frequency of TLR4 +3725C allele was significantly lower in T2DM patients (p?=?2.46?×?10^?9). When analyzing the TLR4 +11367G/C polymorphism, the +11367CC genotype revealed lower numbers in patients compared to healthy controls (OR?=?0.46, 95 % CI?=?0.27–0.78, p?=?0.0032). Analysis of the clinical features on the control subjects demonstrated no correlations between these TLR4 polymorphisms and sex, age, body mass index, etc. (p?>?0.05). In conclusion, these data indicate that TLR4 +3725G/C and +11367G/C polymorphisms may be novel protective factors against T2DM in the Chinese population.     

Genetic association between CD86 polymorphisms and the risk of sepsis in a Chinese Han population

Background

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that is frequently observed after injury or infection, representing a leading cause of mortality worldwide. CD86 (B7-2) is a co-stimulatory molecule on antigen-presenting cells, and plays critical roles in immune responses.