Bildgebungsstrategie bei Kniegelenkverletzungen

Injuries of the knees are common. The Ottawa knee rule provides decisional support to determine whether radiographs are indicated or not. With the use of ultrasound it is possible to detect defects of the extensor ligaments and the anterior cruciate ligament. Furthermore, it is possible to detect indirect signs of an intra-articular fracture, e.g. lipohemarthrosis. In complex fractures, e.g. tibial plateau fractures, further diagnostic procedures with multislice computed tomography (CT) are needed for accurate classification and preoperative planning. Multislice CT with CT angiography enables three-dimensional reconstruction of the knee and non-invasive vascular imaging for detection of vascular injury. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for detection of occult fractures and injuries of the ligaments and menisci. Higher field strengths can be used to improve the diagnostics of cartilage lesions. Virtual MR arthrography is superior to conventional MRI for detection of cartilage lesions especially after meniscus surgery.     

创伤性膝关节积脂血症的CT及MRI诊断

目的 分析创伤性膝关节积脂血症的CT及MRI表现特点.方法 回顾性分析50例创伤性膝关节积脂血症患者的CT及MRI的影像学特征,所有患者于受伤后1h～7天内行MRI或CT检查.结果 CT和MR成像50例关节积脂血症患者均有关节内骨折,关节积脂血症CT和MRI表现为关节囊内单液-液平面或双液-液平面.其中36例表现为单液-液平面积液征象,14例表现为双液-液平面积液征象.单液-液平面及双液-液平面的不同成份在CT和MRI上密度和信号不同,但上层均为脂肪.结论 关节积脂血症在CT和MRI上具有特征性表现,可做出明确诊断,关节积脂血症均与关节内骨折并存,可作为关节内骨折的可靠间接征象.     

Computed tomography for occult fractures of the proximal femur,pelvis, and sacrum in clinical practice: single institution,dual-site experience

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CT for assessment of occult fractures of the proximal femur, pelvis, and sacrum.

Materials and methods

A retrospective review was performed on patients who received a CT of the hip or pelvis for suspected occult fracture after negative or equivocal radiographs performed within 24 h. The official radiology report was utilized for the determination of CT findings and calculation of sensitivity and specificity. Surgical reports, MRI reports, and clinical follow-up were used as the standard of reference. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Seventy-four patients received CT of the hip or pelvis for clinical concern for occult fracture after negative or equivocal radiographs. By the reference standard, a total of 40 fractures were present in 25/74 (33.8%) patients, including 35 conservatively treated fractures of the greater trochanter, pelvis, and sacrum, and 5 operatively treated proximal femoral fractures. A total of 14/74 (18.9%) of patients had an MRI within 1 day of CT. MRI identified an operatively treated femoral neck fracture not seen on CT and an operatively treated intertrochanteric fracture, which CT described as a greater trochanteric fracture. There were two false negative conservatively treated pelvic fractures not seen on CT but diagnosed on MRI. On a per-patient basis, CT had an overall sensitivity of 88% (22/25; 95% confidence intervals 69–97%), specificity of 98% (48/49; 95% confidence intervals 89–100%), and negative predictive value of 94%. For the five operative proximal femoral fractures, the sensitivity of CT was 60% (3/5; 95% confidence intervals 15–95%), specificity was 99% (68/69; 95% confidence intervals 92–100%), and negative predictive value was 97%.

Conclusions

In the clinical setting of suspected occult fracture, the sensitivity of clinical CT reports for detection of any type of fracture of the proximal femur, pelvis, or sacrum was 88%. For the small number of operatively treated proximal femoral fractures seen in the study, sensitivity of CT was 60% (3/5) and negative predictive value was 97%, although the relatively few patients needing fixation precludes statistical analysis.

     

关节积脂血征的影像学表现

目的：分析外伤所致关节积脂血征的X线、CT和MRI表现,总结其影像学特征表现。方法：回顾性分析46例关节积脂血征的X线、CT和MRI特点,其中膝关节32例、髋关节4例、肩关节4例、踝关节5例及肘关节1例。结果：仅4例在X线上有特征性表现,CT或MRI上46例关节积脂血征患者均有关节内骨折,关节积脂血征CT和MRI表现为关节囊内单液-液平面或双液-液平面,单液-液平面及双液-液平面的不同成份在CT和MRI上密度和信号不同,但上层均为脂肪。结论：关节积脂血征在CT和MRI上具有特征性表现,可做出明确诊断,关节积脂血征均与关节内骨折并存,可作为关节内骨折的可靠间接征象。     

创伤性关节积脂血征的CT及MRI诊断

目的 分析创伤性关节积脂血征的CT及MRI表现特点，探讨CT及MR／对创伤性关节积脂血征的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析50例创伤性关节积脂血征患者的CT及MRI的影像学特征。其中膝关节36例、髋关节8例、肘关节4例及肩关节2例。所有患者均于受伤后1h至4d内行CT及MRI检查。结果 50例创伤性关节积脂血征患者均存在关节内骨折，创伤性关节积脂血征的CT及MRI表现为在关节囊内特征性的单液-液平面或双液-液平面积液征象。其中22例表现为单液-液平面积液征象，28例表现为双液-液平面积液征象。构成单液-液平面上、下2层液体和双液-液平面的上、中、下3层液体有明显不同的CT值和所有扫描序列中MRI信号强度。结论 创伤性关节积脂血征的CT及MRI检查均有特征性表现，CT及MRI检查可明确诊断创伤性关节积脂血征，创伤性关节积脂血征与关节内骨折并存，可以作为关节内骨折的可靠的间接征象。     

A screening method for knee trauma

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors performed this study to evaluate whether any one conventional radiographic view is sufficient as a screening method in the detection of acute knee trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors prospectively assessed the efficacy of a single conventional radiograph of the knee in the detection of signs of knee fractures in 214 consecutive adults with acute knee trauma. The evaluated efficacy parameters included specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value. The percentage reduction in the need for additional conventional radiographs was also calculated. RESULTS: Fifty-three of the 214 patients (24.8%) had a knee fracture. The sensitivity of the single lateral view in the detection of knee fractures was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 94.3, 100). The lateral view of the traumatized knee was normal in 143 patients (66.8%). The probability of not having a fracture if the lateral view was normal (NPV) was also 100% (95% CI = 97.9, 100). The need for additional radiographs was reduced 67%. CONCLUSION: A single lateral view as a screening tool for knee fractures has a very high sensitivity and NPV. Because more than 65% of the patients had a normal lateral view in this study, there can be a considerable amount of savings in terms of radiology services for these patients.     

Evaluation of deep vein thrombosis with multidetector row CT after orthopedic arthroplasty: a prospective study for comparison with Doppler sonography

OBJECTIVE: This prospective study evaluated the ability of indirect 16-row multidetector CT venography, in comparison with Doppler sonography, to detect deep vein thrombosis after total hip or knee replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-two patients had undergone orthopedic replacement surgery on a total of 30 hip joints and 54 knee joints. The CT venography (scan delay time: 180 seconds; slice thickness/increment: 2/1.5 mm) and Doppler sonography were performed 8 to 40 days after surgery. We measured the z-axis length of the beam hardening artifact that degraded the image quality so that the presence of deep vein thrombosis couldn't be evaluated on the axial CT images. The incidence and location of deep vein thrombosis was analyzed. The diagnostic performance of the CT venograms was evaluated and compared with that of Doppler sonography as a standard of reference. RESULTS: The z-axis length (mean +/- standard deviation) of the beam hardening artifact was 4.5 +/- 0.8 cm in the arthroplastic knees and 3.9 +/- 2.9 cm in the arthroplastic hips. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was found in the popliteal or calf veins on Doppler sonography in 30 (48%) of the 62 patients. The CT venography has a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 90%, 97%, 96%, 91% and 94%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ability of CT venography to detect DVT was comparable to that of Doppler sonography despite of beam hardening artifact. Therefore, CT venography is feasible to use as an alternative modality for evaluating post-arthroplasty patients.     

CT与MRI对创伤性膝关节积脂血症的诊断价值

目的探讨CT与MRI对创伤性膝关节积脂血症(traumaticlipohemarthrosis,TLH)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析34例TLH的普通X线平片、CT及MRI的影像学表现,并探讨其诊断价值。结果 34例患者中,左膝关节22例,右侧膝关节12例。34例均行普通X线平片检查,提示膝关节骨折32例;16例行CT检查,15例可见明确脂肪、关节液、血液不同成分的分层密度改变。18例行MRI检查,均可见"脂肪-血液接口征"。并拟诊隐性骨折2例。结论 X线平片对骨折的诊断意义大,对积脂血症的诊断帮助不大。CT及MRI均能很好显示创伤性TLH,均有"脂肪-血液接口征"这一特征性表现,尤其MRI除显示积脂血症的典型征象外,对隐性骨折的诊断更有意义。     

Thromboembolic disease: comparison of combined CT pulmonary angiography and venography with bilateral leg sonography in 70 patients

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare combined CT pulmonary angiography and venography with leg sonography for accuracy and relative efficacy in diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis from the popliteal vein to the common femoral vein. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Seventy consecutive patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism underwent both combined CT pulmonary angiography and venography and bilateral leg sonography within 24 hr. CT venograms were analyzed independently in a blinded fashion for quality of venous opacification and patency by two observers. CT venography was compared with sonography for femoropopliteal vein thrombosis, and the final assessment based on multiple subjective and objective clinical and imaging criteria was recorded in three categories: 1, CT venography better than sonography; 2, CT venography equivalent to sonography; and 3, sonography better than CT venography. RESULTS. Sixty-eight patients (97%) had a satisfactory or good quality CT venography examination. Two CT venography studies had false-positive findings due to flow artifacts. Both CT venography and sonography had positive findings for deep venous thrombosis in five patients, and both had negative findings in 63 patients (100% sensitivity, 97% specificity, 100% negative predictive value, and 71% positive predictive value). CT venography was better and more efficacious than sonography (category 1) in 25 patients (36%). CT venography was equivalent to sonography (category 2) in 26 patients (37%), and sonography was better than CT venography (category 3) in 19 patients (27%). CONCLUSION. Compared with sonography, CT venography in addition to CT pulmonary angiography is a relatively accurate method for evaluation of femoropopliteal venous thrombosis. Combined CT pulmonary angiography and CT venography may be more efficacious than sonography or two separate examinations in selected patients.     

创伤性膝关节脂血症和血症的影像诊断

目的 探讨膝关节脂血症和血症的X线平片、CT、MRI、超声的影像表现及其诊断价值.方法 对经手术(27例)或穿刺(3例)证实的关节血症(12例)及脂血症(18例)的仰卧位水平摄影X线平片(16例)、CT(30例)、MRI(30例)、超声(24例)4种影像检查方法和结果进行研究.结果 (1)X线平片:9例脂血症中8例见脂-液平面,1例脂血症和7例血症见髌上囊密度增高,与肌肉近似.正确诊断骨折13例.(2)CT:18例脂血症中双液-液平面11例,单液·液平面7例.12例血症中3例见单液-液平面.9例呈中等密度,4例见卵圆形稍高密度血凝块.30例均正确诊断骨折.(3)MRI:18例脂血症中12例呈双液-液平面,上层呈短T1、长T2高信号及压脂像低信号,中层呈长T1、长T2信号及压脂像高信号,下层呈中等T1、T2信号及压脂像较高信号;6例呈单液-液平面.12例关节血症仅见上述的中、下2层.4例见边缘光滑的血凝块,在T1WI呈中等信号或中等信号伴高信号环,压脂像呈高信号,T2WI及压脂像呈中等或稍高信号伴低信号环.30例均正确诊断骨折.(4)超声:14例脂血症中双液.液平面10例,上层呈中等回声,中层无回声,下层呈云雾状回声;单液-液平面4例.10例关节血症中3例见单液-液平面,即仅见上述的中、下2层;7例呈云雾状回声并见漂浮状物.3例血凝块呈低-等回声类实性团块.均未见骨折线.结论 CT能很好地显示骨折线及关节脂血症和血症,可以替代X线平片.MRI是该病的最佳影像检查方法.超声可诊断关节脂血症和血症,但不能显示骨折.     

创伤性关节脂血症的影像学特征及其诊断价值

目的：分析创伤性关节脂血症的影像学特征．探讨其对关节囊内骨折的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析研究100例经手术或穿刺证实的创伤性关节脂血症患者行X线、CT及MRI检查并分析影像学资料。结果：100例患者经3种检查方法印证均存在关节内骨折。X线表现为关节囊肿胀,密度增高与肌肉近似,经特殊体位投照部分可显示脂液平征象。CT全部清晰显示关节囊内有脂液平征．其中单液-液平征72例,双液-液平征25例,气体脂肪血液单或双液-液平征3例。MRI有明确脂液平征89例,位于膝、髋等大关节。脂液平征不明确者11例,位于踝、腕等小而复杂的关节。构成关节囊内单液-液平征的上下2层液体和双液-液平征的上、中、下3层液体有明显不同的CT值和MRI信号强度,其中最上层CT为脂肪密度、MRI为脂肪信号。结论：CT示脂血症清晰而准确,对大部分囊内骨折能明确诊断。MRI对小关节脂血症的诊断不如CT,但对关节囊内骨折及其附属结构损伤的显示明显优于X线片及CT。创伤性关节脂血症可作为关节内骨折可靠的间接征象。     

The added value of cross-sectional imaging in the detection of additional radiographically occult fractures in the setting of a Chopart fracture

Purpose

Radiography has a low sensitivity for the detection of fractures related to the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid articulations, also known as Chopart fractures. The purpose of this study is to determine the sensitivity of radiographs for detecting additional foot and ankle fractures related to Chopart fracture using CT or MRI as the reference standard.

Method

We performed an IRB-approved, retrospective review of radiology reports between 2010 and 2014. Inclusion criteria were (1) diagnosis of a Chopart fracture and (2) at least one radiograph and subsequent cross-sectional imaging (CT or MR). CT or MRI was considered the diagnostic reference standard. Results were stratified by the energy of trauma and by type of radiograph performed (weight-bearing (WB) versus non-WB).

Results

One hundred eight patients met the inclusion criteria. The calcaneocuboid articulation was the most commonly involved type of Chopart fracture, seen in 75% of cases (81/108). Chopart fractures were detected on the initial radiographs in 67.6% of cases (73/108). Additional fractures of the ankle and midfoot were diagnosed in 34.2% of cases (37/108), with 56.7% (21/37) of these cases having at least one additional fracture seen on CT or MRI that was not seen on the initial radiographs, with fractures of the midfoot most often missed. In 56.7% (17/30) patients whose radiographs detected Chopart fractures, at least one additional fracture was missed; 30% of them demonstrated intra-articular extension and 56.7% were considered displaced. High-energy trauma was related to higher incidence of additional fractures. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of radiographs to detect additional fractures between high versus low-energy trauma (p?=?0.3) and WB versus non-WB radiographs (p?=?0.5). Most patients were treated nonoperatively (56.5%, 61/108), with surgical intervention more frequent in patients with a high energy of trauma (51.7% versus 33.3%, p?=?0.05).

Conclusion

In the setting of a Chopart fracture, CT or MRI can add significant value in the detection of additional ankle or midfoot fractures, irrespective of the energy of trauma. Since additional fractures can have important management implications, CT or MRI should be considered as part of the standard workup for all midfoot fractures.

     

A case of intra-articular fracture of the knee joint with three layers within lipohemarthrosis by ultrasonography and computed tomography

We report a case of intra-articular fracture of the knee joint showing three layers within lipohemarthrosis. Sagittal ultrasonography showed three layers (double fluid-fluid level): a superior hyperechoic layer of fat, an intermediate anechoic layer of serum, and an inferior hypoechoic layer of red blood cells. Horizontal computed tomography imaging demonstrated the same three layers. This is the first case of lipohemarthrosis in which three layers of joint effusion were confirmed by both ultrasonography and computed tomography.     

Acute knee trauma: analysis of multidetector computed tomography findings and comparison with conventional radiography

Purpose: To evaluate the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings of acute knee trauma and to compare radiography with MDCT in patients referred to a level 1 trauma center.

Material and Methods: During a 5-year period, a total of 415 MDCT examinations were performed on 409 patients with acute knee trauma to reveal complex fracture anatomy or rule out a fracture. MDCT and primary radiographs were re-evaluated with respect to fracture location and trauma mechanism. Tibial plateau fractures were further analyzed depending on anatomical location: anterior-medial, anterior-lateral, posterior-lateral, and posterior-medial regions. Maximal depression of the tibial articular surface was measured. Findings on the primary knee radiographs were compared with MDCT findings.

Results: Of the 409 patients, 356 (87%) had a knee fracture. A total of 451 fractures were found in all anatomic regions: distal femur (n = 49), proximal tibia (n = 307), patella (n = 23), and proximal fibula (n = 72). Primary radiographs were available in 316 (76%) cases. Of these, 225 (71%) had MDCT in order to reveal the fracture anatomy better, and 91 (29%) had a subsequent MDCT after negative plain radiographs. Overall sensitivity of radiography was 83%, while negative predictive value was 49%. On radiography, tibial plateau articular depression was underestimated in all regions except when the fracture consisted of the whole half of the anterior or posterior plateau. The three main injury mechanisms were traffic accident, a simple fall, and sport. In 49 cases (15%), primary radiographs were suboptimal due to positioning.

Conclusion: In severely injured patients, diagnostically sufficient radiographs are difficult to obtain, and therefore a negative radiograph is not reliable in ruling out a fracture. In these patients, MDCT is a fast and accurate examination and is also recommended in patients with tibial plateau fractures or complex knee injuries in order to evaluate the fracture adequately.     

Under-reporting of osteoporotic vertebral fractures on computed tomography

Purpose

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are frequently asymptomatic. They are often not diagnosed clinically or radiologically. Despite this, prevalent osteoporotic vertebral fractures predict future osteoporotic fractures and are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Appropriate management of osteoporosis can reduce future fracture risk. Fractures on lateral chest radiographs taken for other conditions are frequently overlooked by radiologists. Our aim was to assess the value of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of vertebral fracture and identify the frequency with which significant fractures are missed.

Materials and methods

The thoracic CT scans of 100 consecutive male and 100 consecutive female patients over 55 years were reviewed. CT images were acquired on General Electric Lightspeed multi-detector (MD) CT scanners (16 or 32 row) using 1.25 mm slice thickness. Midline sagittal images were reconstructed from the 3D volume images. The presence of moderate (25–40% height loss) or severe (>40% height loss) vertebral fractures between T1 and L1 was determined using an established semi-quantitative method and confirmed by morphological measurement. Results were compared with the formal CT report.

Results

Scans of 192 patients were analysed (95 female; 97 male); mean age 70.1 years. Thirty-eight (19.8%) patients had one or more moderate to severe vertebral fractures. Only 5 (13%) were correctly reported as having osteoporotic fractures in the official report. The sensitivity of axial CT images to vertebral fracture was 0.35.

Conclusion

Incidental osteoporotic vertebral fractures are under-reported on CT. The sensitivity of axial images in detecting these fractures is poor. Sagittal reformations are strongly recommended to improve the detection rate.     

Occult fractures of the waist of the scaphoid: early diagnosis by high-spatial-resolution sonography

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of high-spatial-resolution sonography in the diagnosis of occult fractures of the waist of the scaphoid. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sonography of the scaphoid bone with a 12-MHz transducer was performed in 54 patients with clinically suspected scaphoid fracture and normal findings on initial radiographs, including specific scaphoid images. Three levels of clinical suspicion were considered: high (20%), moderate (30%), and low (50%). Attention was paid to the continuity of the scaphoid cortex and to the surrounding soft tissues (i.e., hemarthrosis or hematoma). Data from early sonograms were then compared with the results of radiography repeated 10-14 days after the initial trauma. In cases of persistent suspicion despite normal findings on follow-up radiographs, the presence of fracture was evaluated on CT (four patients), MR imaging (one patient), or bone scanning (one patient). RESULTS: Follow-up examinations proved fracture of the scaphoid waist in five patients. In all patients, diagnosis of fracture was suspected on initial sonograms showing cortical disruption associated with soft-tissue abnormalities. There was one false-positive finding and no false-negative results. Using cortical disruption as a diagnostic criterion, we found the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of high-resolution sonography for the depiction of scaphoid fracture to be 100%, 98%, and 98%, respectively. Using soft-tissue abnormalities alone as a criterion, we found the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of high-resolution sonography to be 100%, 65%, and 68%, respectively. The overall prevalence of occult fracture was 9%, ranging from 3.7% for low suspicion to 27% for high suspicion of fracture. CONCLUSION: High-resolution sonography is a reliable and accurate method of evaluating occult fractures of the scaphoid waist. Cortical disruption is the diagnostic key. Soft-tissue abnormalities alone lack specificity.     

Occult scaphoid fractures: comparison of multidetector CT and MR imaging--initial experience

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic performance of multidetector computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients clinically suspected of having a scaphoid fracture and who had normal initial radiographs, with radiographs obtained 6 weeks after trauma as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethics committee approved the study, and all patients gave written informed consent. Twenty-nine patients (17 male, 12 female; age range, 17-62 years; mean age, 34 years +/- 13) underwent multidetector CT and MR imaging within 6 days after trauma. CT data were obtained with 0.5-mm collimation. For image review, 0.7-mm-thick multiplanar reformations were performed in transverse, coronal, and sagittal planes relative to the wrist. The 1.0-T MR examination consisted of coronal and transverse short inversion time inversion-recovery, coronal and transverse T1-weighted spin-echo, and coronal volume-rendered T2-weighted gradient-echo sequences. Two radiologists analyzed the CT and MR images. A binomial test was used to evaluate the significance of the differences between MR imaging and CT in detection of scaphoid fractures and cortical involvement (P < .05). RESULTS: The 6-week follow-up radiographs depicted a scaphoid fracture in 11 (38%) patients. Eight patients had a cortical fracture, while three patients had only a bandlike lucency within the trabecular portion of the scaphoid. MR imaging depicted all 11 fractures but only three [corrected] cortical fractures. Multidetector CT depicted all eight cortical fractures but failed to depict trabecular fractures. No false-positive fractures were seen on MR or CT images. Differences between MR imaging and CT were not significant for the detection of scaphoid fractures (P = .25) but were significant for cortical involvement (P = .03). CONCLUSION: Multidetector CT is highly accurate in depicting occult cortical scaphoid fractures but appears inferior to MR imaging in depicting solely trabecular injury. MR imaging is inferior to multidetector CT in depicting cortical involvement.     

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: comparative study with sonography and CT

Fifty-one patients were studied to determine the relative accuracy of sonography and computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Both sonography and CT permitted detection of intrahepatic bile duct dilatation in all patients. Nonunion of right and left intrahepatic bile ducts was identified with sonography in 90% and with CT in 94% of patients. The tumor per se was depicted by sonography in 21% and by CT in 40% of patients. Forty tumors (78%) were of the infiltrating type, seven (14%) were exophytic, and four (8%) were polypoid. With sonography, infiltrating and exophytic tumors were difficult to depict, whereas polypoid tumors were well identified. With CT, infiltrating tumors were more difficult to depict than were exophytic or polypoid tumors. On CT scans, depicted tumors of the infiltrating type showed high attenuation and an indistinct margin, whereas exophytic and polypoid tumors showed low attenuation and a well-defined margin. Sonography and CT were comparably accurate in determining the level of obstruction in hilar cholangiocarcinoma even when no mass was depicted. CT was superior to sonography in depicting tumor per se and in demonstrating associated findings.     

Computed tomographic assessment of old calcaneal fractures

Prolonged pain and disability are common complications of calcaneal fractures. A prospective study was conducted on the value of computed tomography (CT) in 63 patients with 73 calcaneal fractures sustained more than 6 months before. The fractures were classified from the initial plain radiographs, and the patients' current clinical condition assessed in terms of a "disability score". The mean disability scores (MDS) associated with the different types of fracture were correlated with the CT findings. The highest MDS was found in the intra-articular fracture group which comprised 71% of the series. In this group the MDS was increased in the presence of post-traumatic osteoarthrosis of the subtalar joint (61% of cases), involvement of the calcaneocuboid joint (39% of cases) and subluxation/dislocation of the peroneal tendons (47% of cases). Structural abnormalities of the peroneal tendons were associated with a higher MDS including chronic tenosynovitis (eight cases), chronic partial tendon rupture (eight cases), complete peroneus brevis tendon rupture (two cases) and scarring indicating stenosing tenosynovitis (14 cases). A similar spectrum of appearances affecting the medial tendons of the hindfoot was identified in eight cases. Direct CT measurements of the degree of comminution did not correlate well with the patients' MDS. In the patient with persistent symptoms, CT is of value in the later assessment of long-term complications by revealing abnormalities of the subtalar joints and adjacent tendons.     

螺旋CT三维成像对髋臼骨折的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT三维成像埘髋F1骨折的诊断价值。方法州顾性分析68例患者共75侧髋臼骨折的X线平片、轴位cT平扫和CT三维成像资料．比较3种检查方法检测骨折线和关节内骨碎片的能力和在Letournel—Judet分型中的价值。各组数据进行X^2检验。结果对髋臼骨折线的检出,轴位CT组（134处,97．1％）和三维CT组（138处,100％）优于x线组（99处,71．7％）;对于骨折分型的价值,三维CT组（75处,100％）〉轴位CT组（69处,92．0％）〉X线组（48处,64．0％）;经X^2检验,差异具有统计学意义。34侧髋臼骨折合并关节内骨碎片,X线组检出19例,轴位CT组和三维CT组无漏诊。结论螺旋CT三维成像能立体直观地观察髋臼骨折并准确进行分型．从而指导临床治疗．