腕管综合征治疗分析

目的 对比分析不同方法治疗腕管综合征的疗效.方法 回顾分析2005年1月至2010年1月收治的150例腕管综合征患者,其中轻度88例,重度52例,正中神经完全损伤型10例.分别采用保守治疗、单纯腕管松解术、腕管松解结合掌腱膜完全松解术治疗,比较治疗前后患者临床表现等指标.结果 150例患者治疗后获1～6年随访.轻度腕管...     

腕管综合征治疗分析

目的对比分析不同方法治疗腕管综合征的疗效。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2010年1月收治的150例腕管综合征患者,其中轻度88例,重度52例,正中神经完全损伤型10例。分别采用保守治疗、单纯腕管松解术、腕管松解结合掌腱膜完全松解术治疗,比较治疗前后患者临床表现等指标。结果150例患者治疗后获1～6年随访。轻度腕管综合征：3种治疗方法均有效,临床症状改善明显,手术治疗效果较保守治疗无明显优势;重度腕管综合征：3种治疗方法均有效,手术治疗效果优于保守治疗;正中神经完全损伤型腕管综合征：治疗后临床症状改善均不明显。结论早期发现、及时治疗并去除发病诱因是促进腕管综合征患者恢复的有效措施。针对腕管综合征不同损伤程度,采用合理的治疗方法可获得满意疗效。     

掌长肌腱移位一期治疗严重腕管综合征

目的评价采用正中神经松解结合掌长肌腱移位拇对掌功能重建术治疗重症腕管综合征的手术效果。方法2004--2008年，选择拇指对掌功能障碍的严重腕管综合征患者24例，分组治疗。14例采用传统手术，10例采用神经松解一期肌腱移位手术，观察术后疗效。结果神经松解肌腱移位手术组术后疗效明显优于传统手术组。结论重症腕管综合征患者在行正中神经松解的同时应用掌长肌腱移位重建拇指对掌功能，能够早期恢复拇指功能，免除二次手术。     

腕管综合征的显微外科治疗

[目的]报道腕管综合征的显微外科治疗效果.[方法]术中在显微镜下神经外膜松解,彻底松解腕管部分的正中神经,并在神经周围放置醋酸泼尼松龙,术后观察其疗效.[结果]术后随访1个月～2年,147例症状完全消失,15例大部分症状缓解,拇、食、中指术后指腹两点辨别觉恢复正常,大鱼际萎缩者,肌萎缩明显改善,拇指对掌功能恢复.无1例产生腕掌部瘢痕痛及正中神经、掌浅弓、正中神经返支损伤等并发症.[结论]显微外科神经松解是治疗腕管综合征的有效方法.     

复发的腕管综合征的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨复发的腕管综合征(CTS)的显微外科治疗效果. 方法 2001年6月至2009年12月采用显微神经松解联合带血管蒂小鱼际皮下脂肪瓣(HTFPF)治疗21例复发的CTS患者,男5例,女16例;年龄35～78岁,平均52.2岁.17例采用腕管切开松解减压术后复发,4例采用内镜下腕管松解术后复发.术后复发时间5 ～35个月,平均19.6个月.按照CTS分型:中度8例,重度13例.所有患者桡侧3～4个手指麻木、疼痛,有麻刺感;Tinel征均阳性;食指指腹两点分辨觉5～14mm,平均9.3mm;握力6～18 kg,平均11.7 kg.所有患者复发后采取保守治疗3周均无效.结果 21例患者术后获18 ～48个月(平均24.4个月)随访.正中神经卡压症状明显改善时间2～14d,平均7.2d;两点辨别觉提高至2～8mm,平均4.0 mm;握力18～37 kg,平均23.5 kg.所有患者手指活动、感觉正常,麻木、针刺感消失,无明显的腕部疼痛,拇指对掌功能正常,肌电图检查均阴性,Tinel征、Phalen征、Reverse Phalen征均阴性.术后18个月,按CTS功能评定标准:优16例,良4例,可1例,优良率为95.2％,腕部主观疼痛减轻率达100％.所有患者均恢复正常工作和生活.全部患者术后未出现支柱疼痛、小鱼际疼痛、反射性交感神经营养不良、正中神经及其返支、掌浅弓损伤等并发症. 结论 显微外科治疗是治疗复发的CTS的有效方法,显微神经松解联合HTFPF可以恢复正中神经的滑动,并提供良好的软组织营养基床,显著改善复发的CTS患者的症状.     

小切口神经松解治疗腕管综合征疗效分析

目的评价小切口显微神经松解与传统手术神经松解治疗腕管综合征的疗效。方法本研究为前瞻性随机对照研究,把50例腕管综合征患者分为小切口组及传统组,每组各25例,术前及术后2年对所有病例症状严重程度进行GSS评分(GlobalSymptomScore)。并观察两组腕掌部瘢痕痛发生率。结果小切口组及传统组术前、术后评分差值分别为19.1±5.7、13.3±6.3,小切口组术后症状改善优于传统组(P<0.05)。小切口组无1例发生腕掌部瘢痕痛,传统组发生15例(60%)。结论小切口直视下显微神经松解术治疗腕管综合征疗效优于传统神经松解且术后并发症更少。     

内窥镜下松解腕管综合征的神经并发症

目的 报道内窥镜治疗腕管综合征时引起神经损伤的原因。方法 1997年至2003年，应用内窥镜治疗腕管综合征136例。对其中2例在内窥镜术后发生并发症的患者，在直视下再次进行手术探查，以明确神经损伤的部位及性质，并探讨引起神经损伤的原因。结果 1例正中神经在腕管内与腕横韧带粘连，在切断腕横韧带时同时损伤相连的正中神经外膜与部分束膜。经神经外膜松解后症状缓解。另1例正中神经掌皮支起始部发生变异，在内窥镜插入腕上切口处，直接损伤该皮支；经神经松解后症状缓解。结论 内窥镜治疗腕管综合征，通常是安全有效的。但在解剖变异及内窥镜下手术有困难时，易发生神经损伤，再次进行手术松解，症状缓解。     

小切口加药物注射治疗腕管综合征的临床报告

腕管综合征（carpal tunnel syndrome，CTS）是由于正中神经在腕管内卡压，引起手部感觉分布区的感觉异常，或伴有大鱼际萎缩、肌力下降、拇对掌功能受限的临床综合征。常见于女性，多有夜间麻醒史。近年来在计算机使用人群中的发病率急骤升高，又称鼠标手。目前手术方法主要有开放手术和关节镜手术，对正中神经的处理有显微外科下外膜松解或束膜间松解术。我科于2004年4月-2006年10月，收治42例腕管综合征患者，均采用小切口开放减压手术治疗，并辅以正中神经外膜下药物注射，取得了满意疗效。     

痛风引起腕管综合征诊疗的临床研究

[目的]探讨痛风引起的腕管综合征[痛风性腕管综合征(carpal tunnel syndrome, CTS)]的发病率、诊治方案及手术疗效。[方法]回顾2016年1月～2019年12月佛山市中医院修复重建外科手术治疗的252名腕管综合征患者的临床资料,其中男72例,女80例,平均年龄(53.50±10.04)岁,均采用手术治疗,统计痛风性CTS的发病率,观察治疗效果。[结果]痛风性CTS共16例,占比6.35%,全部为男性;全部病例均清理了痛风结石,解除腕管内正中神经卡压,手指麻木症状好转,皮肤无坏死,伤口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后随访6个月～3年,平均(15.64±2.76)个月,未见患肢腕管综合征复发,腕部及手部外形及功能满意。[结论]痛风石沉积累及正中神经可引起腕管综合征,及早的手术治疗可明显改善正中神经功能及屈伸指功能。     

掌部小切口治疗腕管综合征

目的介绍应用新型掌部小切口行腕管松解术。方法对确诊为腕管综合征的68例(89侧)患者采用新型掌部小切口行腕管松解术,该切口为纵行、位于鱼际纹尺侧2～3mm、长约2.0～2.5cm,近端不超过远侧腕横纹。结果经术后6个月随访,所有患者症状均消失,拇短展肌肌力、握力、捏力、皮肤感觉功能均明显改善,术前术后差异在统计学极具显著意义(P<0.001)。本组无任何神经血管并发症,无1例出现腕掌部瘢痕疼痛。结论本切口具有安全、损伤小、直视下松解腕管并同时可行正中神经内松解和尺管松解、手术瘢痕小等诸多优点,是腕管松解术的一种新型、可靠的手术入路。     

Ultrasound assessment of the effectiveness of carpal tunnel release on median nerve deformation

To assess the biomechanical effect of carpal tunnel release (CTR), we evaluated the deformation and displacement patterns of the median nerve before and after CTR in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients. Sixteen wrists of 14 idiopathic CTS patients who had open CTR and 26 wrists of 13 asymptomatic volunteers were evaluated by ultrasound. Cross‐sectional images of the carpal tunnel during motion from full finger extension to flexion were recorded. The area, perimeter, aspect ratio of a minimum enclosing rectangle, and circularity of the median nerve were measured in finger extension and flexion positions. Deformation indices, determined by the flexion–extension ratio for each parameter, were compared before and after CTR. After CTR, the deformation indices of perimeter and circularity became significantly larger and the aspect ratio became significantly smaller than those before CTR (p < 0.05). Those differences were more obvious when comparing the values between the patients before CTR and the controls. Since the deformation indices after CTR are similar to the patterns of normal subjects, the surrounding structures and environment of the median nerve may be normalized upon CTR. This may be a way to tell how the median nerves recover after CTR. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:726–730, 2015.     

Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by cysticercosis

We present a case of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) due to compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel, caused by cysticercosis. Nerve conduction studies revealed severe CTS. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested an inflammatory mass compressing the median nerve in carpal tunnel. The histological diagnosis was consistent with cysticercosis. The case resolved with conservative treatment. Such solitary presentation of entrapment median neuropathy as CTS caused by cysticercosis is extremely rare. To our knowledge, this is the only case of its kind reported in literature till date.     

Trigger digits-associated carpal tunnel syndrome: relationship between carpal tunnel release and trigger digits.

Of 875 idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) cases, 101 (11.5%) required trigger digit release operations within three years before and/or after carpal tunnel release (CTR); these 101 cases were investigated, retrospectively. Trigger digit release (TDR) was performed most often after the CTR, especially within three months. Next most common was at the same time as the CTR. The TDR performance rate after CTR was 5.9%. The nerve conduction study (NCS) comparison between trigger digits-associated CTS and isolated CTS showed that pre-operative distal motor latency was significantly more delayed in trigger digits-associated CTS, while there was no evidence of any difference due to age or gender. The difference of operative method (open or endoscopic procedure) did not influence the incidence rate of trigger digits after the CTR. This study suggested that trigger digits-associated CTS has a previously developed wide-ranging narrowing of the flexor tendon sheath.     

Does the severity of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome influence the timing of staged bilateral release?

A retrospective chart analysis was performed of 66 patients with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) who underwent either single endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) or staged bilateral ECTR to determine the frequency and timing of contralateral surgery. Bilateral CTS patients with contralateral severe CTS underwent bilateral staged ECTR 86% of the time and the second operation was performed 6 ± 5 weeks after the initial ECTR. Patients with contralateral moderate CTS underwent bilateral staged ECTR 74% of the time with a mean of 11 ± 3 months between operations. Patients with contralateral mild CTS underwent bilateral staged ECTR 20% of the time and averaged 7 ± 3 years between procedures. For patients with bilateral CTS, the severity of CTS on the contralateral side to the initial release affects both the frequency and timing of the contralateral surgery. This information may be used to establish guidelines for treatment with bilateral simultaneous CTR.     

ASSOCIATION OF OBESITY,GENDER, AGE AND OCCUPATION WITH CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

Background : The present study determines the association of obesity, gender, age and occupation in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in a New Zealand population. Methods : Analysis of questionnaires and clinical review of patients who had undergone surgical decompression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. Results : The age and gender distribution of 655 hands (512 patients) that had undergone carpal tunnel release (CTR) were compared with the age and gender distribution of the New Zealand population. The results indicate that the 3-year-period prevalence of CTS in females is more than double that in males. Proportionally there were more patients over age 55 than in the general population. The findings also indicate that, proportionally, six times the number of females who worked in moderate manual work underwent CTR compared with the general female population and proportionally twice the number of males who worked in heavy office/clerical work underwent CTR compared with the general male population. It was also found that CTR patients are twice as likely to be overweight (body mass index [BMI] > 25) than the general population and female patients are twice as likely to be obese (BMI > 30) than the general population. Conclusions : Carpal tunnel syndrome is more than twice as common in females as it is in males, and patients aged more than 55 years are more likely to suffer from CTS. Females with CTS are more likely to work in moderate manual work and males with CTS are more likely to work in heavy office/clerical work. Obesity and CTS are related statistically.     

Current concepts of carpal tunnel syndrome: pathophysiology, treatment, and evaluation

The current concepts of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with respect to its pathophysiology, treatment, and evaluation are discussed. With regard to the pathophysiology of idiopathic CTS, biomechanical studies to determine the kinematics of the flexor tendon, and the median nerve inside the carpal tunnel may provide valuable insights. Different degrees of excursion between the flexor tendons and the median nerve could cause strain and microdamage to the synovial tissue; this has been microscopically observed. A biomechanical approach for elucidating the events that trigger the development of CTS seems interesting; however, there are limitations to its applications. Endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) is a useful technique for achieving median nerve decompression. However, it is not considered superior to conventional open carpal tunnel release in terms of fast recovery of hand function. Unless the effect of inserting a cannula into the diseased carpal tunnel on the median nerve function is quantitatively elucidated, ECTR will not be regarded as a standard procedure for relieving the median nerve from chronic compression. The treatment of CTS should be evaluated on the basis of patient-oriented questionnaires as well as conventional instruments because these questionnaires have been validated and found to be highly responsive to the treatment. It should be noted that nerve conduction studies exclusively evaluate the function of the median nerve, whereas patient-oriented questionnaires take into account not only the symptoms of CTS but other accompanying pathologies as well, such as flexor tenosynovitis. In Japan, the number of CTS patients is expected to rise; this may be attributed to a general increase in the life-span of the Japanese and increase in the number of diabetic patients. Thus, more efforts should be directed toward elucidating the pathophysiology of so-called idiopathic CTS, so that new treatment strategies can be established for CTS of different pathologies.     

A mini-incision carpal tunnel release technique to prevent pillar pain: A technical note

Pillar pain represents one of the most common complications of classic open carpal tunnel release (CTR). This complication causes a sense of discomfort worse than the compression syndrome itself. We, herein, introduce a new treatment method for CTR through a mini-incision, which allows subcutaneously cutting the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) and releasing the median nerve without neurovascular complications. This mini-incision approach can allow the direct visualization and preservation of the thenar motor branch in those rare cases where it has an aberrant origin. For the past 10 years, we have consecutively performed this technique in the surgical treatment of 318 patients with the diagnosis of primary CTS, without developing any neurovascular and tendon injuries as well as pillar pain.     

腕管综合征手术方式的选择和治疗效果分析

目的回顾性分析不同类型腕管综合征（carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS）的手术方式选择并初步分析其临床疗效。 方法84例（108侧）诊断为CTS并实施手术治疗的患者,术式为腕管切开减压神经松解术或内镜下腕横韧带切断术,随访时根据患者术前是否有夜间因麻木、疼痛而醒来的病史将患者分为滑膜型CTS和卡压型CTS,并根据Kelly标准对术后疗效进行评价。 结果滑膜型CTS患者45例（59侧）,卡压型CTS患者39例（49侧）,滑膜型CTS腕管切开减压术中可见大量滑膜增生及正中神经明显充血水肿,且滑膜组织病理检查可见大量淋巴细胞浸润,而卡压型CTS腕管切开减压术中见正中神经以机械性压迫改变为主,未见大量滑膜增生。74例（98侧）患者获得随访,随访时间平均（30±19.2）个月,疗效根据Kelly标准评估,所有行腕管切开减压术患者随访时的优良率（94.9%）明显高于内镜手术患者（75.0%）（P=0.016）,其中行腕管切开减压术的滑膜型CTS和卡压型CTS患者随访时优良率分别为95.6%和93.9%,两组相比差异无统计学意义（P=0.749）,滑膜型CTS患者中行腕管切开减压术组优良率（95.6%）明显高于内镜手术组（62.5%）（P=0.020）,而卡压型CTS患者行腕管切开减压术组优良率（93.9%）与内镜手术组（83.3%）相比差异无统计学意义（P=0.286）,行内镜手术的两种类型CTS病例数虽均较少,但卡压型CTS组患者的优良率（83.3%）大于滑膜型CTS组（62.5%）。 结论腕管切开减压神经松解术是手术治疗CTS确实有效的方法,内镜下腕横韧带切断术对于卡压型CTS患者可以达到和腕管切开减压手术相近的临床疗效,但对于滑膜型CTS患者则疗效不佳,应慎重选择。     

Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome--caused by an inadequate surgical technique?

The carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common disease, and the decompression of the median nerve is one of the most often performed procedures in surgery. Within our patients from the 1. 12. 1987 to the 1. 12. 1988 we found 16 cases of recurrent CTS. Intraoperatively in more than 60% of the cases we could detect some sort of subluxation or even luxation of the median nerve and severe scarring involving the median nerve and the regenerated transverse carpal ligament in all cases. Considering the anatomy of the transverse carpal ligament, to guide the median nerve and the flexor tendon within the carpal tunnel, as well as serving as origin for the thenar musculature, especially for the opposition, one concludes that the simple dissection of the carpal ligament should be avoided. For the past 4 years we therefore have been performing a widening Z-plasty and reconstruction of the transverse carpal ligament, for the primary CTS as well as for revisions. The favorable postoperative results seem to confirm our theory. We discuss our operative technique as well as the results in CTS revision cases.     

Persistent median artery in carpal tunnel syndrome for a patient with end stage renal disease after thrombosis of the left radiocephalic AV forearm loop graft: A case report

Introduction & importanceCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common neuropathy in the world and is caused by compression of the median nerve. It has many known risk factors, including hemodialysis and a persistent median artery (PMA), which can be an incidental finding during carpal tunnel release (CTR).Case presentationA 65-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis for seven months presented with typical signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) displayed severe neuropathy. Upon carpal tunnel release (CTR) a rare superficial non-calcified persistent median artery critical to the circulation of the hand was found. The patient's symptoms resolved completely within four weeks of the operation.Clinical discussionThe PMA is a relatively common anomaly and could cause carpal tunnel syndrome by: directly pressing the median nerve, thrombosing, or in the setting of an aneurysm. Although usually found deep to the flexor retinaculum, the PMA could also be found superficially. It can be critical to the blood supply of the hand and should therefore be dealt with carefully.ConclusionSurgeons should be aware of the possibility of finding a PMA when performing CTR. The PMA could be deep or superficial to the transverse carpal ligament. Where possible, the PMA should be preserved. Especially if its contributions to the blood supply of the hand are undetermined.