Male partners of women with genital human papillomavirus infection. An assessment of colposcopic abnormalities by histological examination and human papillomavirus hybridization

Men whose female sexual partners showed histological evidence of human papillomavirus infection were examined. Human papillomavirus DNA was identified in 29 of 35 biopsy samples of colposcopically-identified penile lesions. Human papillomavirus strains that were related to human papillomavirus genotypes 6/11 were observed most commonly (seven of eight patients) in the partners of patients with warty atypia or condylomata, while human papillomavirus strains that were related to human papillomavirus genotypes 16/18 were most-commonly (eight of 15 patients) observed in tissue from the partners of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Measurement of human papillomavirus DNA in lesions by the filter in-situ hybridization technique more-frequently indicated human papillomavirus infection (29 of 35 lesions) than did conventional histopathological assessment (21 of 35 lesions) in this "high-risk" group. We conclude that colposcopically-identifiable lesions in male sexual partners are likely to contain human papillomavirus DNA, even if is no definite histological evidence of human papillomavirus infection is present, and that such lesions frequently contain strains of human papillomavirus that have been associated with the development of anogenital carcinoma.     

Nuclear DNA analysis of koilocytic and premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix

Cervical biopsy samples were taken from 79 patients who had various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or who showed evidence, in the form of koilocytosis, of human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix and from 10 women with normal cervices. The DNA content of the cells in the samples was analysed by flow cytometry. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the biopsy samples from women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus lesions contained significantly more dividing cells (31.2% of cells from human papillomavirus lesions with no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 33.06%, 29.89%, and 31.76% of cells from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades I, II, and III, respectively) than those from women with normal cervices (21.6%). The proportion of aneuploid samples from the group who showed evidence of human papillomavirus infection only (18.2%) did not differ significantly from the group with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (21.2%). Aneuploidy and an increased rate of cellular proliferation are recognised characteristics of malignancy. These results therefore support the view that human papillomavirus plays an important part in the aetiology of cervical carcinoma and are relevant to the clinical management of patients.     

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal papillomavirus infection among homosexual males with group IV HIV disease

Ninety-seven male homosexuals with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or other group IV human immunodeficiency virus disease were studied for anal human papillomavirus infection and intra-anal cytological abnormalities. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 52 subjects (54%), and 38 subjects (39%) were found to have abnormal anal cytological findings; anal intraepithelial neoplasia was detected in 15 specimens (15%). Abnormalities on anal cytological smear were significantly associated with the presence of human papillomavirus DNA, with a risk ratio of 4.6. Infection with multiple human papillomavirus types was common (12%) and was associated with a risk ratio for cytological abnormalities of 39.0. Median T4 counts of subjects with abnormal cytological findings were significantly lower than those with normal findings. These studies indicate that immunosuppressed male homosexuals have a high prevalence of anal human papillomavirus infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia, and this population may be at significant risk for the development of anal cancer.     

Presence of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Twenty two patients referred to a district colposcopy clinic because of an abnormal cervical cytology report or a suspicious cervix and found to have a cervical epithelial abnormality were studied. The techniques of cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry, and DNA-DNA hybridisation were used to detect infection by human papillomavirus. Using an indirect immunoalkaline phosphatase technique human papillomavirus antigen was found in biopsy specimens from six of the 22 patients and DNA of papillomavirus type 6 in biopsy specimens from 13 of these women, including four out of six whose histological diagnosis was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3. In eight cases where cytological, colposcopical, and histological investigations all indicated the presence of wart virus infection, papillomavirus type 6 DNA was found in seven. Papillomavirus type 6 DNA was found in more than half of the proved cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The presence of this viral DNA in women with no cervical abnormality is to be studied.     

Human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix of women without cytological signs of neoplasia

One hundred and six patients were studied whose cervical smears showed only non-specific inflammatory changes. Screening for genital pathogens yielded only a few positive cases. Histological examination of biopsy specimens taken by colposcopically directed tissue sampling showed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in 13 of the women (12.3%). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridisation techniques were used to detect human papillomavirus, which was found in 24 patients (22.6%). In a second group of 104 patients with normal cervical cytology tissue biopsy samples were obtained and examined histologically but in no case was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia found. On DNA hybridisation, however, 12 patients (11.5%) were found to be positive for human papillomavirus. In this group finding human papillomavirus DNA was usually associated with a columnar ectopy. An association between human papillomavirus type 16 DNA and both cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer is well established. In this study it was type 16 which occurred most frequently in both groups.     

Histological and cytological evidence of viral infection and human papillomavirus type 16 DNA sequences in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and normal tissue in the west of Scotland: evaluation of treatment policy

Biopsy samples from 27 patients referred to a colposcopy clinic in Glasgow for cervical abnormalities were assessed for the relations among colposcopic appearances, cytological and histological diagnosis, expression of papillomavirus antigen, and the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences. Specimens were from colposcopically abnormal areas of the transformation zone and from colposcopically apparently normal areas of the zone in the same patients (paired matched internal control tissue). All 27 women referred for abnormal smears had colposcopic abnormalities. HPV-16 or 18 DNA sequences were detected in 20 of the 27 colposcopically abnormal biopsy samples and 13 of the 27 paired normal samples. Twelve samples of colposcopically normal tissue contained histological evidence of viral infection but only four of these contained HPV DNA sequences. The other nine samples of colposcopically normal tissue which contained HPV DNA sequences were, however, histologically apparently normal. HPV-6 and 11 were not detected. Integration of the HPV-16 genome into the host chromosome was indicated in both cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and control tissues. In two thirds of the HPV DNA positive samples the histological grade was classed as normal, viral atypia, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1. Papillomavirus antigen was detected in only six of the abnormal and three of the normal biopsy samples, and HPV DNA was detected in all of these. The detection of HPV DNA correlates well with a combination of histological and cytological evidence of viral infection (20 of 22 cases in this series). A poor correlation between the site on the cervix of histologically confirmed colposcopic abnormality and the presence of HPV DNA sequences implies that a cofactor other than HPV is required for preneoplastic disease to develop. A separate study in two further sets of biopsy samples examined the state of HPV DNA alone. The sets were (a) 43 samples from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and nine external controls and (b) 155 samples from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, vulval intraepithelial neoplasia, and vulval cancer and external controls. HPV-11 was found in only two (4.7%) of the 43 specimens from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, whereas HPV-16 was found in 90 (58%) of the other 155 specimens. These results also suggest that HPV subtype is subject to geographical location rather than being an indicator of severity of the lesion or of prognosis.     

西安交通大学第一附属医院8581名妇女生殖道人乳头瘤病毒感染筛查

目的 调查陕西地区妇女生殖道人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染情况,了解本地区妇女生殖道HPV感染特征。方法 采用PCR+导流杂交技术检测2009年2月至2012年12月在西安交通大学第一附属医院妇科就诊的8581名陕西地区妇女生殖道HPV-DNA,必要时进行宫颈细胞学或组织学检查。结果 8581名陕西地区妇女中,生殖道HPV感染率为33.06%,高危型HPV(HR-HPV)感染率为30.08％,复合型别感染者占27.18%;最常见感染型别依次为HPV-16、HPV-52、HPV-58、HPV-6和HPV-18。HPV感染存在年龄差异,感染高峰年龄为25岁以下和51岁以上。HR-HPV感染者中宫颈组织学正常、轻度上皮内瘤变(CINⅠ)、中度上皮内瘤变(CINⅡ)、重度上皮内瘤变(CINⅢ)和宫颈癌(CC)组中,感染率分别为88.72%、97.48%、97.35%、95.88%和99.23%;常见致癌型别依次为HPV-16、HPV-18、HPV-58、HPV-52和HPV-33。HPV-16、18和58共同引起94.62%的宫颈癌。结论 陕西地区妇女生殖道HPV感染比较普遍,最常见的感染型别是HPV-16、HPV-52、HPV-58、HPV-6和HPV-18,常见致癌型别依次为HPV-16、HPV-18、HPV-58、HPV-52和HPV-33。HPV-16、18和58引起94.62%的宫颈癌。高危型HPV感染和宫颈病变显著相关,HR-HPV复合感染不是宫颈病变的危险因素。     

人乳头瘤病毒亚型在其感染相关疾病中检测的意义

目的 通过分析人乳头瘤病毒(human papiilomavirus,HPV)不同亚型的分布特点,探讨不同的基因型与HPV感染相关疾病的关系.方法 回顾性分析在门诊确诊为宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.CIN)Ⅰ、CIN Ⅱ、CINⅢ、宫颈浸润癌、生殖道湿疣、宫颈HPV亚临床感染共353例患者的HPV哑型的分布情况.结果 353例妇女中HPV阳性176例,阳性率为49.86%.浸润癌中HPV的检出率为100%,且均为高危性HPV感染;HPV感染率在CIN Ⅰ、CIN Ⅱ、CINⅢ、浸润癌逐渐增高,与病变程度密切相关(P<0.05).共检测出15种HPV亚型,依次为16、58、52、33、53、11、31、6、18型等,前4种亚型在宫颈癌和癌前病变中最常见,16、58型等高危型HPV感染在HPV感染相关的良性疾病中仍然最常见,低危型HPV在生殖道湿疣、亚临床感染中却相对少见.结论 HPV检测和分型具有重要意义,HPV感染的型别具有地域差异性;HPV16型的感染仍是女性健康的最大威胁;应重视生殖道湿疣和SPI等良性病变患者的治疗和随访.     

DNA sequences of human papillomavirus types 11, 16, and 18 in lesions of the uterine cervix in the west of Scotland

Punch biopsy specimens of the cervix were examined both histologically and for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA sequences. The presence of HPV DNA sequences was sought with the Southern blot technique using radioactively labelled HPV-6, 11, 16, and 18 DNA probes, both together and separately. Twenty six biopsy specimens were examined. Histological examination showed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 in 16 specimens, viral changes (koilocytosis) in four, and inflammation or a normal appearance in three. Eleven specimens were negative for HPV DNA sequences, 10 contained HPV-16 DNA, four contained HPV-18 DNA, and one contained both HPV-18 and HPV-11 DNA. Episomal HPV-16 DNA was detected in one case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and in five cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 with koilocytosis; and episomal HPV-18 DNA was found in two specimens classed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3, one of which also contained HPV-11 DNA, and in one specimen that showed viral changes alone. Integrated HPV DNA was found in six specimens (four with HPV-16 DNA and two with HPV-18 DNA), including two cases of chronically inflamed cervix with no histological evidence of viral infection or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Detection of viral DNA in early lesions may identify patients at risk of malignant progression. This is the first report of HPV-18 DNA in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Scotland.     

Changing risk factors for HIV infection

BACKGROUND: HIV infection in women is a growing problem in developing countries. Risk factors for HIV infection vary from country to country and may change with time. METHODS: We describe a retrospective review of the epidemiologic characteristics and associated gynecologic diseases of all HIV-infected women seen at two tertiary-care hospitals in Mexico City. RESULTS: One hundred thirty consecutive patients were included in the study from March 1985 to January 1996. Mean age at HIV diagnosis was 36.2 years (range: 16-76). Of the 75 women diagnosed with AIDS prior to 1992, 58 (69%) were infected through blood transfusion and 17 (20%) through sexual contact. After January 1992, 11 (23%) acquired infection through blood transfusion and 28 (60%) through sexual contact; these differences were statistically significant (p <0.0001). Prior to 1992, 66 (90%) women presented in stage IV, whereas after that year only 29 (51%) (p <0.001) presented in stage IV. Of 92 patients on whom a cervico-vaginal smear was carried out, human papillomavirus infection was identified in 22 (24%) women, nine (9.8%) had morphologic evidence of a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (four with mild or moderate dysplasia and five with in situ cervical carcinoma). Four patients had invasive cervical carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The main risk factor for HIV infection in Mexican women with AIDS changed from transfusion acquired to sexually acquired in 1992. As a country, we were successful in providing safe blood but failed to prevent sexual transmission. Our patients had a high frequency of cervical carcinoma and precursor lesions associated with human papilloma virus.     

[Fréquence des maladies transmises sexuellement chez des étudiants universitaires.]

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence rate of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among university students and evaluate the associated sociodemographic factors. DESIGN: Mail survey in April 1990. Included in the questionnaire were questions about the subjects' STD experience since their admission to the university and the type and date of the infection. SUBJECTS: Of the 19,682 undergraduate students 2920 subjects, in 10 groups of 292, were randomly selected. A total of 1731 (59.4%) completed the questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Estimated annualized incidence rates of genital human papillomavirus infection and Chlamydia infection. RESULTS: The estimated annualized incidence rates of genital human papillomavirus and Chlamydia infections were 2.2% and 1.5% respectively. Among the students who indicated being infected with genital human papillomavirus 59% were 18 to 21 years old (p < 0.05), 76% were women (p < 0.01) and 69% had more than one sexual partner (p < 0.01). No statistically significant associations were observed between age, sex and Chlamydia infection. On the other hand, 95% of the cases of Chlamydia infection were found among those who had more than one sexual partner (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: University students continue to have sexual activities at risk for STDs and should be specifically targetted by general practitioners and health services in an effort to slow the spread of STDs.     

Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in different cervical lesion among organized health-examination women in Shanghai, China

Background Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer among women worldwide. Human papillomavirus （HPV） plays a central role in the etiology of cervical cancer. It is important to describe the prevalence of HPV infection in different types of cervical lesions and to explore the relation between HPV viral load and the severity of cervical lesions. Methods To describe the HPV infection prevalence and viral load in different age groups, we retrospectively investigated 6405 cases of women who were organized by their units to take health-examination. They were given Hybrid Capture II tests between January 2005 and December 2006. The correlation between HPV viral load and pathology was assessed. Results Overall HPV infection prevalence was 29.1% （1864/6405）, while in women 18-20 years old it was 54.4% （31/57）, the highest among all age groups. After declining rapidly, HPV prevalence stabilized at about 30.0% in women aged 30 and older. Of the 6405 women, 1483 women had a colposcopic biopsy and 33.2% （492/1483） were positive for HPV DNA. Twenty-one percent of women with a normal diagnosis （238/1095） had HPV infection, a statistically significantly lower prevalence than in women with cervical lesions, including those with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （68.8% in CIN1,66.7% in CIN2, and 76.5% in CIN3） or with cervical cancer （94.1%）. The correlation coefficient between viral load and cervical lesion severity was 0.134, which was not statistically significant （P=0.075）. Viral load values in women with CINs and cervical cancer were calculated, and no significant differences were identified. Conclusions The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection among women attending hospitals for health-examination in Shanghai is similar to the worldwide rate. HPV viral load can distinguish cervical lesions from normal individuals but cannot adequately predict the severity of cervical lesions.     

宫颈疾病968例临床分析

目的探讨宫颈疾病的发病原因及特点,为宫颈癌的早期预防提供临床依据。方法对2005年1月～2008年12月在我院第二门诊就诊的968例宫颈疾病患者的临床资料进行多因素及相关危险因素临床分析。结果宫颈良性病变占92.56%（其中宫颈炎性病变占83.78%）,宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN,宫颈癌前病变）占7.02%,宫颈癌占0.42%。在宫颈良性病变患者中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）阳性率仅为18.19%,而宫颈上皮内瘤样病变及宫颈癌中人乳头瘤病毒阳性率分别高达66.18%、75.00%。宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的高峰年龄为30～50岁,调查分析显示性生活过早（特别是〈16岁）、多性伴、不洁性行为、性伴包皮过长、有性传播疾病史、慢性宫颈炎、HPV感染是发病的高危因素。结论大力宣传性卫生知识,防治性传播疾病,积极治疗宫颈炎性病变,特别对30～50岁有慢性宫颈炎,且HPV感染的已婚妇女行液基细胞学检测系统（LCT）宫颈癌的早期筛查。     

Screening for cervical cancer: a new scope for general practitioners? Results of the first year of colposcopy in general practice

A survey was carried out over one year of all the women who attended a colposcopy clinic in a general practice. During the year 1254 women underwent cytological screening in the practice and 197 of these underwent colposcopy. Of 79 women with abnormal smears that suggested cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 62 (79%) were confirmed by biopsy to have cervical premalignancy. In addition, the remaining 118 women with normal or inflammatory smears underwent colposcopy either because of their history or because they requested the investigation. A general underestimate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia when cytology alone was used was discovered. Seven out of 28 women with inflammatory smears were found to have important cervical premalignancy. Mildly dyskaryotic smears led to a falsely reassuring estimate of the degree of severity of cervical lesions. Seven out of 13 patients who underwent colposcopy because they were thought to be at high risk of neoplasia because of a history of genital warts, unexplained recurrent cystitis, heroin abuse, or immunosuppression had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia proved at biopsy. This report shows that both in screening for and in the follow up of known cervical disease a normal smear cannot guarantee normal pathology. Diagnostic colposcopy is a valuable complementary investigation that could be carried out in a general practice.     

Cervical cancer--what role for human papillomavirus?

OBJECTIVE: To review the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) as a causative agent of cancer of the cervix. DATA SOURCES, data synthesis, study selection: Medical journals, recently published text books related to cancer of the cervix and HPV and Papillomavirus Reports were examined to review the pathology of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions, its epidemiology in Australia and overseas, methods of detection of HPV (in particular molecular biology techniques used to diagnose HPV) and evidence linking HPV with genital neoplasia. CONCLUSION: While there is compelling evidence strongly linking certain HPV types with genital cancer, a causative role is yet to be proven and the aetiology is most likely multifactorial. Detection and typing of high risk genotypes of HPV in the genital tract as a diagnostic exercise to identify those women most at risk of developing genital neoplasia is not currently recommended.     

北京地区已婚妇女宫颈病变相关因素分析

目的 掌握北京地区已婚妇女宫颈病变(CIN)的发病特点及相关影响因素.方法 采用横断面调杏方法,于2007年3月至2008年9月对北京地区12个区县共137个社区内随机抽取25～54岁已婚育龄妇女6339例,进行问卷调查,妇科检查,宫颈涂片液基细胞学检测、宫颈分泌物高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)检测,并对宫颈细胞学异常者行阴道镜检查及活检.结果 (1)6339例调查对象,宫颈病变患者374例,患病率为5.9%;(2)在细胞学阳性的调查者中,随着细胞学异常级别的升高,宫颈病变发生率也升高;(3)30～34岁是北京地区宫颈病变的发病高峰年龄,尤其是高度病变的发病高峰;(4)HR-HPV感染率9.9%,细胞学检查阳性者HR-HPV感染率为41.2%,明显高于细胞学阴性者的感染率6.6%;(5)HR-HPV感染率随宫颈病变级别升高而提高,HR-HPV负荷量也呈逐渐增高趋势.结论 30～34岁为北京地区已婚妇女宫颈病变的高发年龄,HR-HPV感染是其患病的独立风险因素.宫颈细胞学检查可以早期提示宫颈病变的发生.应通过对已婚妇女的联合筛查及时发现宫颈病变,及时治疗,阻断宫颈癌的发生.     

p16INK4a蛋白在宫颈疾病中的表达特点及其与HPV感染的关系

目的 研究伴有高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high-risk human papillomavirus,hr-HPV)感染及无hr-HPV感染的宫颈癌(cervical cancer,CC)、宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)及宫颈炎中p16INK4a蛋白表达水平的变化及意义,探讨宫颈癌及癌前病变中p16INK4a蛋白表达与HPV感染的相关性.方法 应用免疫组化方法检测126例宫颈疾病(CC 40例,CIN 67例和宫颈炎19例)组织中p16INK4a蛋白的表达,其中,hr-HPV( )宫颈疾病89例(CC 32例,CIN 48例和宫颈炎9例),hr-HPV(-)宫颈疾病37例(CC 8例,CIN 19例和宫颈炎10例),进行半定量分析及统计学检验.结果 40例CC中,p16INK4a全部阳性表达;48例hr-HPV( )和19例hr-HPV(-)CIN中,p16INK4a阳性表达分别为39例和12例;9例hr-HPV( )和10例hr-HPV(-)宫颈炎组织中,p16INK4a阳性表达均为4例.hr-HPV( )或hr-HPV(-)宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤变和宫颈癌组织中p16INK4a蛋白表达水平均依次升高.CC和CIN中p16INK4a蛋白表达与hr-HPV感染相互间无显著相关性(P＞0.05).结论 细胞周期抑制蛋白p16INK4a在CC及癌前病变中过表达,且与hr-HPV感染无关,提示p16INK4a蛋白在宫颈癌的发生、发展中所起的作用和作用机制可能与其在其他恶性肿瘤中不同.检测p16INK4a蛋白表达有助于CC的早期诊断.     

宫颈细胞学、人乳头瘤状病毒检测及阴道镜在宫颈上皮内瘤变的临床诊断与观察

目的研究并探讨联合使用宫颈细胞学、人乳头瘤状病毒检测及阴道镜在宫颈上皮内瘤变的临床诊断与观察,以及采用这种方法是否具有临床的可行性,科学性和安全性。方法该研究选取该院在2011年3月—2011年12月收治的宫颈上皮内瘤样变的100例患者为研究对象（所有患者都自愿接受调查和服从所有准则）。对这些患者联合使用宫颈细胞学、人乳头瘤状病毒检测及阴道镜在宫颈上皮内瘤变的临床诊断与观察,并将所得的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 100例患者经过联合应用宫颈细胞学、人乳头瘤状病毒检测及阴道镜治疗后的效果显示可知,病理组织阳性的有96例,敏感率为95.95%,假阴性率为4%。结论联合使用宫颈细胞学、人乳头瘤状病毒检测及阴道镜在宫颈上皮内瘤变,不但可以提高检出率,而且还可以降低假阴性率,该方法是一种目前有效的宫颈上皮内瘤变诊断和治疗方法。     

Persistent human papillomavirus infection as a predictor of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

CONTEXT: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is believed to be the central cause of cervical cancer, although most of the epidemiological evidence has come from retrospective, case-control studies, which do not provide information on the dynamics of cumulative or persistent exposure to HPV infection. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risks of cervical neoplasia related to prior persistent HPV infections. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal study of the natural history of HPV infection and cervical neoplasia in women residing in the city of S?o Paulo, Brazil, which was conducted between November 1993 and March 1997 and involved repeated measurements of HPV and lesions with follow-up until June 2000. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1611 women with no cytological lesions at enrollment and HPV test results available from the first 2 visits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cervical specimens taken for Papanicolaou cytology and HPV testing every 4 months in the first year and twice yearly thereafter. Incident cervical cancer precursor lesions ascertained by expert review of all cytology smears. RESULTS: The incidence rate of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) was 0.73 per 1000 women-months (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.9) among women free of HPV at the 2 initial visits and 8.68 (95% CI, 2.3-15.1) among women with HPV type 16 or 18 infections persisting over both visits. Relative to those negative for HPV oncogenic types at both initial visits, the relative risk (RR) of incident SIL was 10.19 (95% CI, 5.9-17.6) for persistent infections with any known oncogenic HPV types. The equivalent RR of incident high-grade SIL was 11.67 (95% CI, 4.1-33.3). The RRs of lesions were considerably higher for persistent infections with HPV type 16 or 18. CONCLUSION: A strong relationship exists between persistent HPV infections and SIL incidence, particularly for HPV types 16 and 18.     

平顶山矿务局2011年妇女病普查与HPV感染现况分析总结

目的了解平顶山矿务局妇女宫颈病变及人乳头瘤病毒感染的发生率,为防治工作提供依据。方法 2011年平顶山矿务局妇女病普查共8338例,对其进行宫颈细胞薄层液基细胞学检查,细胞学检查结果为未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞及以上病变的共计204例,对其均进行HPV导流杂交技术检测,发现上皮内瘤变的患者86例均行阴道镜检查并活检,病理确诊。结果低危型HPV感染47例,高危型HPV感染为82例,75例未查见HPV感染。宫颈上皮内瘤变及以上病变的86例,其中宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅰ级47例(40例为低危型HPV感染,高危型HPV感染率4例,3例未见HPV感染),宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅱ级18例,均为高危型HPV感染,宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级11例,均为高危型HPV感染,宫颈原位癌6例,均为高危型HPV感染,早期浸润癌为4例,均为高危型HPV感染。结论高危型人乳头状瘤病毒感染是宫颈病变及宫颈癌的主要原因。