Sonography of solitary fibrofolliculoma with histologic correlation

We present a case of 15-year old male with solitary fibrofolliculoma on the ear and we demonstrate the use of ultrasound in outlining the features of this rare benign skin tumor with histological correlation. Fibrofolliculoma can be associated with a rare syndrome known as Birt–Hogg–Dubé which affects the skin, lungs and kidneys.     

Sonography in primary hyperparathyroidism: review with emphasis on scanning technique.

OBJECTIVE: To review the sonographic features and focused sonographic scanning techniques that may assist in the preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: The sonographic findings were reviewed in 54 of 58 consecutive patients with pathologically proven parathyroid adenomas. A systematic scanning approach including real-time gray scale, color and power Doppler, and graded compression gray scale imaging was used in all patients. RESULTS: Fifty-four (93%) of 58 proven adenomas were correctly identified by sonography. Gray scale imaging alone was sufficient for identifying 26 (100%) of 26 large (> or =1-cm) and 3 (11%) of 25 small (<1-cm) parathyroid adenomas. However, for 25 (89%) of 28 small adenomas, a combination of color and power Doppler and graded compression real-time gray scale imaging was required for sonographic localization and identification. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of typical locations and characteristic imaging features, as well as a systematic scanning approach, can result in accurate preoperative sonographic localization of parathyroid adenomas.     

Sonography of hemorrhagic cysts with computed tomographic correlation

Hemorrhagic cysts have a potential for malignancy. The sonographic appearance is not pathognomonic. Three cases of benign hemorrhagic renal cysts defined sonographically demonstrate a varied appearance. Computed tomography, angiography, and aspiration offer additional clarification, but surgery is the procedure of choice for a definitive diagnosis, because aspiration of a septated lesion may fail to define malignant cytology in a separate compartment and, in addition, cytologies can be falsely negative.     

Sonography of partial-thickness quadriceps tendon tears with surgical correlation.

OBJECTIVE: With the use of surgical findings as the reference standard, the purpose of this study was to describe the sonographic findings of partial-thickness and complete tears of the quadriceps tendon and to determine whether sonography can potentially aid diagnosis. METHODS: Three hundred eighty-nine consecutive sonographic reports (January 1996 to April 2001) of the knee/quadriceps tendon were reviewed retrospectively and assessed for subsequent surgery on the quadriceps tendon. Seven cases were thus identified. Findings at surgery (complete versus partial tears) were compared with the original sonography reports. RESULTS: All 4 partial tears and 1 of 2 complete tears were diagnosed correctly on the basis of sonography. One complete tear was described as a partial tear on the basis of sonography. In a seventh case, complete disruption of the extensor mechanism with osseous avulsion of the superior pole of the patella was identified correctly. Dynamic scanning was essential in diagnosing a partial quadriceps tendon tear in 1 case. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography, including the use of dynamic evaluation, was helpful in the diagnosis of partial-thickness tears of the quadriceps tendon and may aid in differentiation of such cases from complete quadriceps tendon tears, particularly in the acute setting. The presence of scar tissue in the setting of chronic injury may represent a potential pit-fall in the assessment of partial versus complete quadriceps tears. Further study is needed to define the accuracy of sonography for detecting quadriceps tendon tears.     

先天性心脏病胎儿胎盘病理特征分析

目的探讨先天性心脏病胎儿胎盘病变的病理特征。 方法选取2010年8月至2014年4月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院超声心动图二部胎儿心脏病母胎医学会诊中心胎儿心脏病母胎医学数据库样本库中先天性心脏病胎儿20例（心脏病组,均为心脏畸形引产胎儿）,另选取产前超声及产后检查均正常,但因胎膜早破、羊水过少、妊娠期糖尿病、子痫前期、胎儿窘迫、先兆临产、孕妇心律失常引产的胎儿34例（对照组）,对两组胎儿产前超声及产后胎盘病理检查结果进行分析。 结果先天性心脏病组胎儿中17例为妊娠中期胎盘,3例为妊娠晚期胎盘;对照组34例均为妊娠晚期胎盘。产后胎盘病理检查显示：（1）心脏病组20例胎儿胎盘病变18例（18/20）,以重度绒毛膜炎（77.8%,14/18）、灶状钙化（44.4%,8/18）和血栓形成（16.7%,3/18）为主,1例胎盘梗死,2例胎盘脐带未见显著变化。（2）心脏病组10例致死性先天性心脏病胎儿的胎盘病变重于10例非致死性心脏畸形胎儿。（3）对照组34例（34/34）胎儿均显示胎盘病变,以轻度绒毛膜炎（61.8%,21/34）、灶状钙化（79.4%,27/34）、纤维素样物沉着为主（97.1%,33/34）,部分为重度绒毛膜炎（26.5%,9/34）。（4）心脏病组与对照组胎儿胎盘病理检查结果对照显示,心脏病组胎儿的胎盘病变程度重于对照组胎儿;两组胎儿胎盘病变的病理特征不同,超声表现亦不同。 结论先天性心脏病组胎儿胎盘重度绒毛膜炎、灶状钙化和血栓形成影响母胎血液循环及营养物质交换,可能与先天性心脏病的发生有相关性。     

乳腺良恶性叶状肿瘤MRI表现及病理特征分析

目的：分析良恶性乳腺叶状肿瘤（PT）的MRI表现特征及其与病理的相关性。材料与方法回顾性分析于我院行术前MRI并经手术病理证实的16例PT影像学表现,比较良恶性组间差异,并分析BI-RADS分类评估与病理分类间相关性。结果（1）16例PT术后病理诊断良性10例、交界性4例、恶性2例;其中2例恶性者均有乳腺肿瘤手术史。（2）T1WI以等信号为主、STIR以高信号为主,大病灶内部更易出血、变性而呈混杂信号。（3）非良性组直径更大、更易呈多结节融合状、TIC更易呈流出型、ADC值更低。（4）MRI对PT的检出率为100%,对PT良恶性判断的准确率为62.5%;BI-RADS分类与PT病理低度相关。结论乳腺叶状肿瘤MRI表现多样, MRI对PT的诊断有一定提示作用,穿刺活检甚至术中冰冻对PT的诊断不可靠,确诊仍需对整个病灶行组织病理学检查。     

Sonography of fetal midgut herniation: normal size criteria and correlation with crown-rump length

Forty-eight fetuses were prospectively evaluated to (1) determine the normal size range of herniated midgut and (2) correlate sonographically the timing of midgut herniation with CRL. All fetuses of CRL 38 mm or less, and two of six fetuses with a CRL of 40 to 42 mm, demonstrated midgut herniation. No fetuses with a CRL greater than 44 mm had this finding. The cord containing midgut increased roughly from 4 to 7 mm, in maximum dimensions, for CRL of 19 to 41 mm. An anterior abdominal wall mass greater than 7 mm at any CRL, or of any size in a fetus of CRL greater than 44 mm, is suggestive of a fetal anomaly. Alternatively, a cord base "mass" within the 4 to 7 mm range for a CRL of 19 to 44 mm can be considered normal and not to require any follow-up.     

Pathological variants of hepatocellular carcinoma on MRI: emphasis on histopathologic correlation

Abdominal Radiology - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a unique tumor because it is one of the few cancers which can be treated based on imaging alone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) carries...     

脑节细胞胶质瘤MRI表现与临床病理联系

目的：探讨脑节细胞胶质瘤的MRI与临床病理的特点。方法：回顾分析20例脑节细胞胶质瘤的MRI和临床病理特点。结果：病灶全部为单发,幕上18例,幕下2例。额叶8例,颞叶7例,顶叶、枕顶叶、额颞叶及小脑、延颈髓各1例。17例为术前检出肿瘤,3例为术后检出肿瘤,其中2例为原发灶复发,1例为非原发灶部位新发肿瘤。MRI上肿瘤信号呈多样性,根据MRI表现可分囊性为主型和实性为主型,增强后,肿瘤强化呈多样性,囊性为主型可无强化或伴壁结节强化,实性为主型可局灶强化、弥漫强化。瘤周水肿多较轻或无。脑电联合同步功能磁共振成像结果显示,最大激活区与病理灶位置一致。结论：脑节细胞胶质瘤的MRI表现具有一定特征性,结合应用脑电联合同步功能磁共振成像有助于临床术前评价。     

Transvaginal color Doppler sonography of ovarian masses with pathological correlation.

This report describes the correlation of pathological findings with transvaginal color Doppler sonography performed preoperatively on 26 ovarian masses. The pulsatility indices of benign lesions (1.9 +/- 0.7) were higher than those of malignant ones (0.7 +/- 0.2) (p = 0.03). Low pulsatility indices (< 1.0) were found in three relatively vascular benign lesions (one immature teratoma, one cystadenoma containing a dermoid cyst, one endometrioma), causing an overlap between the pulsatility indices of some benign and malignant masses. There appears to be significant potential for discrimination between benign and malignant ovarian masses with transvaginal color Doppler sonography.     

结节性甲状腺肿的CT表现及其病理基础

结节性甲状腺肿（Nodular goiter，NG）国外文献报道较少，国内文献相对较多，笔者翻阅以往文献以报道分析NG结节期居多。而甲状腺肿是碘缺乏性疾病，其病理为一渐进性慢性过程，NG、桥本病与甲状腺腺瘤在CT表现上有重叠，     

Sonographic and mammographic appearances of granular cell tumors of the breast with pathological correlation

PURPOSE: To describe the sonographic and mammographic appearance of granular cell tumors (GCTs) of the breast in 6 patients with pathological correlation. METHODS: A search was conducted of the cyto-histopathological database in a single institution from 1990 to 2004 for breast lesions given the diagnosis of GCT of the breast. Six patients with GCT of the breast who underwent mammographic or sonographic examination or both before surgery were included in this study. RESULTS: The mammographic features of GCT of the breast were indeterminate in most patients, often presenting as an isodense mass with indistinct or spiculated margins. Calcifications were not a feature. The sonographic features of GCT of the breast mimicked carcinoma, including heterogeneous echotexture, indistinct margins, and hypervascularity. Hyperechogenicity was noted in 5 of 7 (71%) GCTs in this series. The cytomorphological features of GCT included sheets of large granular cells intersected by arborizing thin-walled blood vessels. The cells had round to oval nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, and abundant, ill-defined granular cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: Breast imagers should be aware that GCT of the breast is an uncommon differential in a minority of neoplasms that can be mistaken for breast cancer.     

Carcinoid tumors of the pancreas: dynamic CT and MRI features with pathological correlation

Background  

Carcinoid tumor of the pancreas is rare, and there are few reports that described its CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. We describe the characteristic CT and MRI findings in four cases of carcinoid tumor of the pancreas.     

前置胎盘类型与妊娠结局的相关性分析

目的探讨前置胎盘（PP）类型与妊娠结局的相关性,为临床前置胎盘患者的诊断和处置提供依据。方法本研究选取2010年1月-2011年12月间在我院进行产前超声诊断为胎盘前置,并最后诊断为胎盘前置的96例患者作为研究对象。从前置类型来看,将患者分为完全性（36例）、部分性（43例）、边缘性（17例）3组。观察并比较3组患者的临床特征、母亲妊娠结局和围生儿结局。结果完全性组的年龄、孕次和剖宫产史率高于边缘性和部分性,方差分析显示,3组间的差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。不同前置胎盘类型在胎盘粘连、胎盘植入、产后出血和子宫切除间的差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。完全性前置胎盘组的新生儿窒息、围生儿死亡率和早产率间高于部分性组和边缘性组,卡方检验显示,3组间的差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论完全性胎盘前置具有更差的妊娠结局和围生儿状况。因此,对于完全性前置胎盘患者,应加强产前保健和监护,并做好充分准备,以改善妊娠结局和围生儿状况。     

Cranial sonography: anatomic and pathological correlation

Through the acoustic window of the anterior fontanelle, coronal and parasagittal sonograms of the infant and premature neonate are easily obtained. Supplementary axial images are obtained through the lateral skull vault. The normal anatomy of axial, coronal, and sagittal sonograms will be demonstrated by correlating normal infant brain images with cadaver brain slices at similar levels. The relevant anatomical structures will be identified and labeled. Pathological entities, i.e., intracerebral hemorrhage, brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations, hydrocephalus, and congenital malformation syndromes will be included. Neonatal ultrasound is an inexpensive, innocuous, and noninvasive technique for examining the brain of the newborn infant. It does not require sedation and can be performed either within the radiology department or in the newborn intensive care unit.