血液流变学与微循环

人 体的各个细胞、组织、器官只有在微循环血液的正常灌流下 ,才能维持正常的生理功能 ,而微循环的正常灌流必须依赖微循环中血管组织、形态、生理功能和血液流变特性二方面的正常 ,血液流变性单方面的异常 ,也会造成微循环障碍。以下单从血液流变学方面联系临床讨论与微循环关系的有关基础知识 :1　何谓血液流变学流变学是研究物体流动和变形特性的科学 ,血液流变学也就是研究血液流动特性的科学 ,而临床血液流变学又侧重于研究各种疾病病理状态下血液流动的特性 ,与疾病发生、发展、诊断、疗效、预后等的意义。2　检测血液流变学指标的临…     

血液流变学研究进展与问题

本文根据大量资料归纳整理，扼要介绍我国临床血液流变学发展现状，基本研究方法，总体成就，红细胞、血浆流变性异常和高粘滞综合症的分子流变学基础及存在问题。     

227例血液高粘滞综合征流变学分析

本文报道227例血液高粘滞综合征(简称高粘征)患者9个流变学指标(ηb、ηre、Hct、EET、PET、ηp、ESR、Kesr、IR)的检测结果。提示,与正常对照组差异有显著性意义。并将其流变学变化分为血液粘度增高等五型;认为高粘征的血液粘滞因素分别是血液粘度、红细胞变形性和红细胞压积。     

高血压病的微循环与血液流变学改变

本文报告284例高血压病的甲襞微循环及血液流变学的主要改变。甲襞微循环改变的主要表现为红细胞聚集,血流减慢,管襻输入枝管径变细,襻顶宽度变窄,长襻型管襻比正常组明显增多。血液流变学的主要改变是血液的高粘滞,高凝和高聚状态,这两方面的变化与高血压病有较好的相关性和平行性。     

企业家的微循环和血液流变学变化

我们对246名企业家的检查发现存在着明显的微循环功能异常和高粘滞血症现象。微循环功能障碍与体内丙二醛（MDA）蓄积相关联。提示：企业家的保健必须注意改善微循环功能，降低血液粘度等。     

企业家的微循环和血液流变学变化

我们对２４６名企业家的检查发现存在着明显的微循环功能异常和高粘滞血症现象。微循环功能障碍与体内丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）蓄积相关联。提示：企业家的保健必须注意改善微循环功能，降低血液粘度等。     

糖尿病肾病的血液流变学改变

本文对21例糖尿病肾病、14例糖尿病非肾病以及16例正常对照的血液流变学检查结果进行了分析.结果表明,两组糖尿病患者均呈现高粘滞血症,尤以糖尿病肾病组为著.糖尿病肾病组患者尿蛋白排泄量与血浆比粘度、红细胞刚性指数、血小板粘附率呈正相关.内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)与上述三项指标呈负相关.     

高粘滞血症患者血液流变学指标的观察与探讨

高粘滞血症是血液粘度异常综合征中常见的一种类型,多发生于老年前期及老年期,严重危害老年人的身心健康.因此,了解血液流变学各项指标的变化,为临床预防、诊断、治疗这些疾病可提供有价值的定量指标.本文对160例高粘滞血症患者血液流变学九项指标进行了观察.     

菊藤降压胶囊对高血压患者血液流变学的影响

目的观察纯中药制剂菊藤降压胶囊(JTJYC)对原发性高血压(EssentialHypertension,EH)患者血液流变学的影响。方法口服JTJYC每次5粒 ,3次/d ,1月为1疗程 ,采用NEX -1型锥板黏度仪测定全血黏度 ,JB多功能电脑毛细血管黏度仪测定血浆比黏度 ,观察服药后各项指标的变化。结果临床降压有效率84.0 % ,血液流变学主要指标有明显改善 (P<0.05)。结论JTJYC可用于EH和血液高黏滞综合征等病的治疗。     

闭经妇女血液流变学变化的探讨

本文测定62例闭经妇女血液流变学各项指标及体外血栓形成试验，发现全血低切粘度、血浆粘度，还原粘度、K值、血栓长度、血栓湿重与对照组比较均有非常显著差异（P＜0．01）。说明闭经妇女存在着高粘血症。且血液流变学的改变不随着闭经年限的延长及闭经年龄的增大而相应增高。同时指出血液流变学的检测可对闭经妇女的高粘血症作出早期诊断、并可作为指导治疗及疗效观察的客观依据。     

胰岛素缓释载体材料应用研究与问题

BACKGROUND: Sustained-release carriers of insulin shaped as microspheres made of different biomaterials have become an issue of concern. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the carrier materials and methods to prepare sustained-release microspheres of insulin. METHODS: Wanfang and PubMed databases were retrieved by computer for articles related to sustained-release carriers of insulin published from 1997 to 2015. The search terms were “insulin, controlled-release carrier, biomaterials” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Natural biodegradable polymer materials are preferred to prepare sustained-release microspheres of insulin, including gelatin, alginate, chitosan and its derivatives. These natural materials have good biocompatibility, degradability, film-forming and microsphere-forming abilities. Synthetic biodegradable polymer materials as carrier materials can promote drug stability and effective utilization, and realize targeted drug delivery. According to different physicochemical properties of materials, sustained-release carriers of insulin that meet different requirements can be prepared using emulsion-chemical crosslinking, spray drying and solvent evaporation methods. This review provides new insight into the development of stable drug carriers.     

组织玻璃化冻存技术：优势与尚未完全解决的问题

文题释义：玻璃化冷冻保存：是利用这些高浓度的低温保护剂组合成玻璃化冻存液,通过与水分子发生强烈的水合作用,增加溶液黏性,降低冰晶形成速度,从而使细胞在快速降温或复温过程中得以保护。 玻璃化：对于非晶高分子,当高分子通过降温从高弹态转变为玻璃态,或者通过升温从玻璃态转变为高弹态的过程称之为玻璃化转变,发生玻璃化转变的温度叫玻璃化转变温度。对于结晶高分子,玻璃化转变是指其非晶部分所发生的由高弹态向玻璃态(或者玻璃态向高弹态)的转变。因此,玻璃化转变是高分子中普遍存在的现象。但是玻璃化转变现象并不局限于高分子,一些小分子化合物也存在玻璃化转变。 背景：玻璃化冷冻保存是一种应用前途广阔的低温冷冻方法,通过使用高浓度的玻璃化冻存试剂将生物材料进行玻璃态转变,从而实现活性保存。 目的：就玻璃化冻存的生物学原理及玻璃化冻存试剂的分类,卵巢、皮肤与角膜等医学组织标本的玻璃化冻存进行综述。 方法：以“tissue;vitrification;cryopreservation”为英文检索词;“组织;玻璃化;冷冻保存”为中文检索词,检索1994年1月至2019年10月 PubMed 数据库及万方医学网相关文献。按照纳入与排除标准筛选后,对最终纳入的45篇文献进行归纳总结。 结果与结论：玻璃化冻存可以防止细胞内外冰晶形成,避免了冰晶给细胞带来的多种损伤,有效保留了细胞的生物活性与基本功能。玻璃化冻存试剂主要分为渗透性和非渗透性2种,其操作简便、高效,唯一的缺点是高浓度的冻存试剂对细胞具有一定的毒性损伤。为了降低对组织整体损伤风险,可以混合使用多种低毒冻存试剂。目前玻璃化冻存技术已经成功应用于多种细胞,但组织冻存的技术难题尚未完全解决。 ORCID: 0000-0003-0140-9935(张源) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Clinical significance and problems in HCV measurement--comparison of CLEIA method with PCR method

Infection of a hepatitis C virus (HCV) is confirmed by the presence of HCV antibody or HCV-RNA. Recently, a highly sensitive method to examine HCV-core antigen has been developed. In this study, to evaluate the clinical significance of HCV-core antigen determination, we examined serum HCV infection markers, HCV-core antigen, HCV-RNA (AMPLICOR) and HCV-antibody (third generation) concentrations. We determined 225 serum samples, and three patients receiving the treatment with interferon. In 102 HCV-RNA positive samples, significant correlation was observed between HCV-RNA and HCV-core antigen (r=0.734, p<0.0001). However, three out of 102 (2.9%) cases were included within the negative range of HCV-core antigen (20 fmol/l). The HCV-core antigen value in three patients receiving the treatment with interferon paralleled with the amount of HCV-RNA. The determination of HCV-core antigen by CLEIA is a useful and time-saving method, but an attention should be paid to the presence of false-negative cases.     

Molecularly imprinted polymers in clinical diagnostics--future potential and existing problems

The last five years have witnessed a fast progress in the area of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). These have included the development of rational protocols for polymer design (combinatorial and computational), the development of MIPs compatible for use in aqueous environment and the development of various procedures for the integration of MIPs with sensors. The substantial improvements in the performance of imprinted polymers have also been accompanied by a growing number of MIP publications related to solving practical problems associated with their use, e.g. in environmental and clinical analysis. This paper furnishes a detailed analysis of recent achievements in MIPs design and applications related to healthcare, made by our group as well as others worldwide.     

痛风舒浸膏粉对血液流变性及毛细血管通透性的影响

目的 :观察痛风舒浸膏粉对毛细血管通透性以及全血黏度和血浆黏度的影响。方法 :小鼠给以不同剂量的痛风舒浸膏粉 ,用醋酸致腹腔毛细血管通透性增加 ,测定静脉注射伊文思蓝后腹腔洗脱液的吸光度 ,比较不同治疗组的差异。用大剂量的肾上腺素及冰水浸泡处理致大鼠急性血淤模型 ,测定给以痛风舒浸膏粉后全血黏度和血浆黏度。结果 :痛风舒浸膏粉 3.6 g·kg 1、1 .8g·kg 1体重对醋酸致腹腔毛细血管通透性增加有抑制作用。大剂量 ( 3.6g·kg 1体重 )时 ,5s 1切变率的全血黏度和血浆黏度变值均低于模型对照组。结论 :痛风舒浸膏粉可抑制腹腔毛细血管通透性增加 ,并且在较大剂量条件下有一定的活血化瘀作用。     

Clinical tuberculosis problems and management

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused by M. tuberculosis. WHO (World Health Organization) 1993 has estimated that one third of world population has been infected by M. tuberculosis bacillus. It is also estimated that 8 million people contract the disease annually and two to three million deaths occur every year due to TB. Major factors that have aggravated the spread of TB are: 1) ineffective TB control programs, leading to the development of multi drug resistant bacilli, 2) co infection with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) where TB progress rapidly and deadly,3) existence of other co-morbid that need higher expert (Internist etc). Vaccination with BCG does not seem to protect the adult population consistently and effectively from developing pulmonary TB, and has had no significant impact on the global TB epidemiology. Tuberculosis in Indonesia results in high death rate because it is the second highest infection with national prevalence rate of 0.24%. Effective medicine standard of anti-tuberculosis is available, but many obstacles in the program from lack of knowledge among health officers, low consciousness and compliances of person with tuberculosis to carry out the treatment schedule and so on make the success of TB eradication unsatisfied. Clinical appearances of TB are multiple with non-specific symptoms, the cases that are exposed to similar source of infection but will show different clinical consequence from mild to severe. Nevertheless, with the rise of multi drug resistance strains of M. tuberculosis, the spread of HIV infection and the variation of BCG efficacy, the search for more powerful drugs, more effective vaccines, better diagnostics and other intervention strategies have become an urgent goal worldwide. Also written here how to diagnose, choose of category of treatment, cocktail anti TB according the category and some clue in handling problems during treatment.     

Clinical significance.

This article initiates the special section on clinical significance. Within a brief précis and overview, the 4 methodological articles and the integrative commentary of the special section are introduced. A call for the inclusion of the assessment of clinical significance in treatment evaluations is extended.