非偏执型和偏执型精神分裂症血液流变学比较

目的：了解精神分裂症血液流变学性质特点。方法：将150例精神分裂症、60例正常健康人的血流流变学在不同性别上的前瞻性对照比较。结果：患者全血粘度，纤维蛋白原、低切还原粘度比正常高（P＜0．01）；偏执型患者全血粘度，纤维蛋白原比非偏执型患者高（P＜0．05）；女性患者全血粘度、低切还原粘度升高比男性患者高（P＜0．01）。结论：血液流变学性质的改变可以帮助对精神分裂症的诊断，分型和指导用药。     

农村不同性别慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者行为认知差异分析

目的探讨农村不同性别慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者对COPD行为认知的差异。方法采用统一的调查表格,在对年龄、文化程度、病程进行匹配后,以入户面对面调查的方式对146例（男女各73例）COPD患者进行问卷调查．分析比较男女COPD患者的行为认知差异。结果男女患者在吸烟率（69．9％vs19．2％,P〈0．001）、现在吸烟率（30．1％vs10．9％．P〈0．005）、被动吸烟率（43．8％vs26．0％,P〈0．005）、烹饪史（31．5％ vs 75.3％,P〈0．001）和烹饪年限（23．91±15．86年vs39．29±12．90年,P〈0．001）、参加体育锻炼（12.3％vs 1．4％,P〈0．005）以及吸烟对COPD的诱发（56．2％ vs 12．3％,P〈0．001）等认知存在差异：男性患者年医疗费用〈1500元者比率明显多于女性患者（43．8％vs 20．5％,P〈0．001）;男性患者呼吸道疾病住院率低于女性患者（23．3％vs 41．1％,P〈0．002）;男性患者药物治疗率高于女性患者;男性患者多需要治疗知识（93.2％ vs 57．5％,P〈0．001）。女性患者多需要预防知识（79．5％ vs 5．2％,P〈0．001）。结论COPD患者对疾病的认知状况较差,男女患者之间行为认知存在差异。应加强对患者的健康教育．提高患者的生命生活质量。     

腹型肥胖测量指标与动脉硬化的相关性分析

目的探讨体质指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、体脂肪率（FAT％）与动脉硬化的相关性。方法2005年1月-2010年5月,以在某医院健康体检中心进行体检并接受人体成分检测及动脉硬化评价的成人26599人为研究对象,其中男性13663例（51．37％）,女性12936例（48．63％）,平均年龄（45．91±8．07）岁,同时进行血脂、血糖、尿酸等指标的检测,用BMI、WHR、FAT％描述性分析人群肥胖的情况,用颈股脉搏波传导速度（cfPWV）、颈桡脉搏波传导速度（crPWV）来评价动脉硬化,用简单相关及多元逐步回归分析各种肥胖指标与动脉硬化的相关性。结果青年男性和女性WHR与cfPWV均相关（r=0．191,P=0．005;r=-0．306,P〈0．001）,女性BMI也与cfPWV相关（r=0．175,P=-0．006）;中年男性和女性WHR与cfPWV均相关（r=0．239,P〈0．001;r=0．189,P〈0．001）,男性FAT％与crPWV相关（r=0．186,P=0．001）,女性FAT％与cfPWV及crPWV相关（r=0．050,P=0．032;r=0．174,P=0．001）;老年男性WHR与cfPWV及crPWV相关（r=0．134,P=0．011;r=0．145,P=0．001）,FAT％与cfPWV相关（r=0．168,P=0．003）,老年女性WHR与cfPWV相关（r=0．093,P=0．017）,FAT％与cfPWV及crPWV相关（r=0．111,P=0．009;r=-0．116,P=0．015）。在调整血压、血脂、血糖、尿酸等因素后,多元逐步回归的结果表明,中年男性WHR与cfPWV独立相关（P〈0．05）,老年男性WHR与cfPWV、erPWV独立相关（P〈0．05）。青年、中年、老年女性的WHR均与cfPWV独立相关（P〈0．05）,老年女性FAT％与crPWV独立相关（P〈0．05）。结论WHR是PWV的独立相关因素,而BMI与PWV无独立相关关系．老年女性的FAT％是crPwV的釉寺相关因素。     

不同性别急性心肌梗死患者3h内静脉溶栓的临床疗效分析

目的探讨不同性别急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者3h内静脉溶栓近期疗效的差异及危险因素。方法选择本院心内科收治的符合静脉溶栓适臆证,无禁忌证的AMI患者共98例。根据性别分为男性组76例,女性组22例。两组均于3h内给予静脉溶栓治疗。结果（1）接受静脉溶栓治疗的急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者男性年龄较女性提前（P〈0．05）;（2）两组住院病死率无明显差异（P〉0．05）;（3）男性梗死相关血管再通率大于女性（P〉0．05）;（4）AMI易患因素中,高血压因素两组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;女性高血脂及糖尿病高于男性（P〈0．05）;男性吸烟史显著高于女性（P〈0．01）;（5）女性组并发心力衰竭及房室传导阻滞明显高于男性（P〈0．05）。结论急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者3h内静脉溶栓近期疗效,女性不如男性。     

膳食、社会经济和行为因素对农村男女居民高血压影响的研究

[目的]探讨膳食、社会经济和行为因素对广西农村男女居民发生高血压的影响,为有针对性提出膳食、社会经济行为因素干预措施和策略提供科学依据。[方if ]2007年,利用2002年广西营养与健康调查数据,分析影响农村男女居民高血压发生的膳食、社会经济和行为因素。[结果]在4个农村县调查15岁及以上居民1390人,高血压患者241例,患病率为17．34％。高血压患病率,男性为22．44％,女性为12．79％（P〈0．01）;壮族为17．73％,汉族为24．14％,其他民族为7．14％（P〈0．05）。膳食调查结果,男性高血压患者的畜禽肉类、畜肉、酒、腌菜、水产品、植物油摄人量均明显高于非患者,米及其制品、新鲜蔬菜摄人量明显低于非患者（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;女性高血压患者的动物油、油脂类、内脏摄人量均低于非患者（P〈0．05）;男性的调味品盐、食盐、内脏类、动物油、油脂、酒、米及制品、蔬菜摄人量明显高于女性（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。非条件Logistic回归分析结果,进入男性回归模型的因素有年龄（OR=2．149）、畜肉（OR=1．252）、酒（OR=1．147）,进入女性回归模型的因素只有年龄（OR=3．033）。[结论]年龄是农村居民高血压发生的重要危险因素,吃畜肉多、过量饮酒是农村男性居民高血压患病率高于女性的重要膳食和行为因素。     

女性急性冠状动脉综合征患者临床特点及发病危险因素分析

目的分析女性急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者的临床特点及发病的主要危险因素。方法连续收集重庆市长寿区人民医院2004年1月—2013年12月期间经冠状动脉造影确诊的118例女性ACS患者的临床资料,并以同期的女性非ACS患者作为对照,采用问卷调查的方式收集研究对象的一般资料及相关危险因素,单因素分析采用X。检验和t检验,多因素分析采用logistic回归分析筛选女性ACS患者的危险因素。结果118例女性ACS患者,平均年龄（68．12±12．38）岁,其中60岁以上年龄段人数最多,占78．9％;ACS组与对照组在年龄构成、居住地、文化程度、婚姻状况、平均月收入方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,绝经年龄≥50岁（OR=0．402,95％CI：0．240—0．673,P=0．003）是女性ACS发病的保护因素;高血压（OR=1．937,95％CI：1．314～2．856,P〈0．001）、糖尿病（OR=3．893,95％CI：2．319～6．535,P〈0．001）、早发冠心病家族史（OR=8．954,95％CI：1．783—45．128,P〈0．001）是女性ACS发病的独立危险因素。结论高血压、糖尿病、早发冠心病家族史是女性ACS的重要危险因素,而女性雌激素可能是女性ACS的保护因素。     

四川省中老年居民骨关节炎流行现况调查

目的了解四川省40岁及以上居民骨关节炎（OA）的患病情况,比较不同特征人群OA的患病率,分析OA发病的相关影响因素,为该病的早期预防及干预提供科学依据。方法通过多阶段随机抽样方法,对四川省部分市县848名40岁及以上居民进行问卷调查、骨科体检并拍摄x线片。结果骨关节炎总患病率为42．0％,随着年龄的增加,骨关节炎患病率也随之增高（X2=62．25,P〈0.001）;城市居民颈椎患病率高于农村居民（X2=7．79,P=0．005）,而腰椎患病率低于农村居民（x2=9．05,P=0．003）;女性膝关节和手关节患病率均高于男性（X2=8．30,P=0．004;x2=4．29,P=0．038）;体质指数（BMI）正常、超重、肥胖者的患病率呈递增趋势（X2=10．93,P=0．012）;高血压、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、骨质疏松患者,OA的患病率均比非患者的患病率高,差异均有统计学意义（x2=27．04,P〈0．001;X2=21．67,P〈0．001;X2=22．77,P〈0．001;）x2=27．39,P〈0．001）。结论四川省中老年居民OA患病率较高。年龄、性别、地区、BMI、高血压、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、骨质疏松等是OA患病的影响因素。     

河南省疾病监测系统2011年居民死亡原因分析

目的了解河南省居民2011年死亡状况,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法利用河南省居民2011年疾病监测系统资料,采用SPSS16．0软件进行分析。结果河南省居民粗死亡率为585．07／10万。全省传染病、慢性非传染性疾病（慢病）和伤害3大类疾病男性构成比分别为：4．61％、85．72％和8．12％,女性分别为：4．17％、86．94％和5．91％;女性城市地区和农村地区3大类疾病构成基本一致（χ2=2．01,P=0．367）,而城市地区和农村地区（χ2=7．12,P=0．028）,城市男性和女性（χ2=38．57,P〈0．001）、农村男性和女性（χ2=1．88,P〈0．001）、城市男性和农村男性（χ2=7．03,P=0．028）差异均有统计学意义。结论慢性病已经成为危害河南省居民身心健康的主要疾病,应采取综合措施降低人群危险因素水平,从而降低人群慢性病的发病率和死亡水平。     

认知疗法对偏执型精神分裂症患者的预后影响

目的 探讨认知疗法对偏执型精神分裂症患的预后影响。方法 对1999年1月－1999年10月住院的偏执型精神分裂症患采取随机抽样原则共抽取60人随机分为两组，实验组采用认知疗法合并抗精神病药物治疗，对照组采用支持性心理治疗合并抗精神病药物治疗。两组在年龄、性别、病程、药物治疗量、维持量、住院天数，经统计学处理SDSS（社会功能缺陷筛选量表）、ADL（日常生活能力量表）各测查一次。入院系统治疗一月后，实验组采用合并认知疗法，对照组仅合用一般性的支持性心理治疗。出院时及一年以后随访的方式再用三个量表对各组测查，比较两组疗效的差异。结果 入院时与出院时三个量表测查分值经统计学处理（P＞0．05），差异无统计学意义。而出院时及1年以后三个量表测查，两组分值经统计学处理（P＜0．01），差异有统计学意义。结论 认知疗法能改善偏执型精神分裂症患的症状，提高病人的生活质量，提高服药依从性，降低疾病的复发率，最终可能促进病人整体功能的恢复。     

精神分裂症患者病情复发相关因素的分析

目的探讨精神分裂症患者病情复发的相关因素。方法采用回顾性分析的方法，针对笔者所在医院收治的120例精神分裂症复发患者的临床资料，分析总结复发的相关因素。结果20～35岁、高中以下文化水平、离异或丧偶、家庭经济情况较差、阳性家族史、内向是患者一般资料中复发率升高的主要因素。另外有急性发作、病程〈1年、偏执型等病情特点的精神分裂症患者复发率较高（P〈0．05），应激性生活事件中家庭问题引起复发的比率明显高于工作问题（P〈0．05），除此之外，患者服药依从性较差也是其复发率增高较重要的因素之一。结论对精神分裂症患者病情复发相关因素有针对性的长期维持治疗对于预防复发具有重要的临床意义。     

精神分裂症患者吸烟原因及尼古丁依赖程度调查

目的：调查精神分裂症住院患者的吸烟情况、原因及尼古丁依赖情况。方法采用自编调查表、尼古丁依赖严重程度量表（FNTD）和Russell吸烟原因问卷对245例精神分裂症住院患者的吸烟情况进行调查和分析。结果在245例精神分裂症住院患者中,现在吸烟者占17.55％,其中男性占95.35％,女性占4.65％。FNTD均分为4.15±2.18,尼古丁依赖达中重度以上的患者占48.84％,均为男性。Russell量表评分,男女性患者吸烟原因总分分别为22.92±12.89和27.67±17.36,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;吸烟问卷均分最高分别为瘾、手口活动和镇静。结论精神分裂症住院患者男性尼古丁依赖较严重,主要原因是瘾、手口活动和镇静。     

住院康复期精神分裂症患者心理健康状况与社会支持的调查

目的:探讨住院康复期精神分裂症患者心理健康状况与社会支持的相关性。方法:采用症状自评量表和社会支持量表对住院康复期137例精神分裂症患者进行问卷调查。结果:患者的心理健康状况较常模差;患者的社会支持度较常模低(P<0.01)。结论:社会支持与住院康复期精神分裂症患者的心理健康密切相关,护士在患者住院治疗的同时,应充分评估和利用患者的社会支持,促进身心康复。     

Factors that impede the discharge of long-term schizophrenic inpatients

The aim of the present study was to explore factors that impede the discharge of long-term schizophrenic inpatients, and it was focused on the patients' subjective views. Semi-structured interviews based on the Occupational Self Assessment (OSA) of 73 long-term inpatients with schizophrenia and 24 schizophrenic patients who had been discharged from hospitals after a long-term stay were conducted. Logistic regression analysis was performed. The results revealed that the factors that impeded the discharge of schizophrenic patients from hospitals were advanced age, severe mental symptoms, and higher rating of one's own capabilities in daily living. These results suggest that schizophrenic long-term inpatients require occupational interventions that help patients to have a realistic image of their daily life after discharge and that invite them to update their self-assessments of competence related to the skills needed for daily life.     

抑郁症症状与性激素和甲状腺激素的相关性研究

目的探讨抑郁症症状与性激素、甲状腺激素的相关性,为抑郁症治疗提供理论依据。方法对44例首发女性抑郁症患者进行量表评定与激素检验。结果（1）孕激素与躯体化、偏执、其他因子呈正相关,与抑郁、敌对、精神病性因子呈负相关;（2）总甲状腺三碘原氨酸与抑郁因子呈负相关,与焦虑因子呈正相关;促甲状腺素与强迫、精神病性因子呈正相关,与恐惧因子呈负相关,与汉密尔顿抑郁量表总分呈负相关。结论首发女性抑郁症患者的临床症状与其性激素、甲状腺激素水平有相关性。     

北京市某精神专科医院住院患者特点与管理对策建议

目的 分析北京市某三级甲等精神专科医院住院精神病患者的疾病谱特点,以期为医院有针对性地提出管理策略.方法 收集该院2012年-2019年精神疾病住院患者20917例的病案首页数据,回顾性分析患者基本情况、病种分布、不同性别和年龄段的病种变化趋势.结果 住院患者男女之比为1:1.48;患者年龄中位数为31岁,青年组最多(...     

Regional cerebral blood flow changes in schizophrenic patients detected by SPECT studies under resting and active conditions]

Brain SPECT studies in schizophrenia revealed changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The rCBF changes can be detected more accurate by activating tests. The aim of this study was to assess rCBF changes under resting and activation condition by the Raven test. Four control patients (2 male, 2 female, average age 45 years, 26-57 years) and 11 chronic, treated schizophrenic patients (4 male, 7 female, average age: 46 years, 33-56 years) were studied in two HMPAO brain SPECT sessions, 48 hours apart, both resting and during activation task. The images were evaluated visually and semiquantitatively. Under resting condition in the control group, there were no significant rCBF changes. In the Raven activation test, a significantly higher blood flow in the prefrontal region was seen (p < 0.05). The schizophrenic group had a significantly lower rCBF in the temporal region under resting condition (p < 0.05): four patients displayed left, 4 right temporal hypoperfusion and 3 exhibited no rCBF abnormality. In the Raven activation tests 5 patients had prefrontal hyperperfusion, and the remaining 6 patients had no such activation answer. Five patients had hypoperfusion in the temporal region. In our sample, patients with chronic schizophrenia displayed significant temporal hypoperfusion. Moreover the chronic schizophrenic group exhibited a poor response to prefrontal activation compared to the control group.     

The importance of social comparisons for high levels of subjective quality of life in chronic schizophrenic patients

In schizophrenic patients, quality of life (QoL) studies often find high levels of general life satisfaction and satisfaction in various life domains despite deprived living conditions. Therefore, the usefulness of QoL as an outcome indicator has been questioned. Since social comparison processes have been postulated to be related to the level of satisfaction, this hypothesis was analysed empirically by the present study in schizophrenic patients. Satisfaction and social comparisons of 148 schizophrenic inpatients and 66 mentally healthy controls were examined with regard to the domains ‘health’ and ‘family’ by means of a standardised interview. The schizophrenic patients had a history of either long-term (n = 75) or short-term (n = 73) restricted and deprived living conditions. Long-term patients showed significantly higher satisfaction levels than short-term patients. They compared themselves predominantly laterally or downwards with fellow inpatients. Significant relationships between the direction of social comparisons and satisfaction ratings were found in all three samples. Social comparisons proved to be important for the level of satisfaction in schizophrenic patients. Results indicate that experiences of restricted and deprived living conditions induce accommodation processes and response-shifts that should be taken into account in the interpretation of quality-of-life data. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Somatotypic characteristic of schizophrenic patients

AIM: Introduction of quantitative metric methods of somatotype assessment in schizophrenic patients to make clinical diagnosis more objective, the diagnosis being otherwise based exclusively on the clinical interview and assessment of the mental status of patients and thus involving certain subjectivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 67 schizophrenic inpatients (38 men, 29 women) consecutively admitted to the Clinic of Psychiatry in Plovdiv. Their mean age was 31.47 years (SD = 9.43, range 16-56), mean duration of illness 6.86 (SD = 6.09, range 1-27), mean number of hospitalizations 4.22 (SD = 4.08, range 1-19). The patients satisfied DSM-IV criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The control group comprised 69 subjects (36 men, 33 women) with a mean age 39.24 years (SD = 10.18, range 22-68) and socioeconomic background matching that of the patients. RESULTS: The data showed statistically significant differences in the three somatotype component and in almost all somatotypological variables between male schizophrenic patients and control subjects. The somatotype categories were more extensively presented in the schizophrenic patients. There was a tendency to higher frequency of the ectomorphic categories (ectomorphic mesomorph, mesomorphic ectomorph and endomorph-ectomorph). No statistically significant differences were found in the somatotype components and somatotypological variables between the female schizophrenic patients and control subjects. CONCLUSION: The data of the examination of the somatotype of schizophrenic patients and control subjects evince a definite sexually related body constitution characteristic that differentiates the groups. Schizophrenic patients and control subjects are clearly determined somatotypically only in the group of males.     

精神分裂症患者ABO血型调查

目的探讨精神分裂症与ABO血型之间的关系。方法用试管正反定型法对患者ABO血型进行检测,并与正常人血型对照。结果 554例精神分裂症患者ABO血型分布与1 177例正常人比较,差异无统计学意义;男性与女性患者血型分布比较;A、B及O型血型分布在两性别间差异无统计学意义,但AB型分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.600 6,P0.01),男性中AB型比例远高于女性。结论精神分裂症在河南地区男性患者中A型比例较高,女性患者中O型比例较高;AB型男性患者比例远高于女性患者比例。     

Genetic Toxicology of the Diet

The pathophysiological condition and potential drug interactions may influence nutritional status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine, separately in male and female schizophrenic subjects, the influence of neuroleptic treatment on different indices of nutritional status.

The survey was conducted at a 750-bed mental hospital in 311 custodial care patients, where anthropometric and hematological estimations were measured.

In the present study, prevalence of obesity, (assessed by weight-for-height) increased by 10% in males and 18% in females on neuroleptic medication as compared to psychotropic-free schizophrenic subjects. Those taking neuroleptic medication also had larger fat and protein body compartments. Statistical differences between the groups (controls vs neuroleptics) were found for triceps skinfold and arm-muscle circumference as indices of body composition, being more marked in female patients. Neuroleptic administration was associated with changes in iron status, plasma protein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides in males, while only plasma protein levels were affected in the female schizophrenic group under antipsychotic therapy.

This study provides further evidence of adverse consequences of neuroleptic drugs on anthropometric and biochemical markers of nutritional status, and also shows differences between male and female patients in their response to psychotropic medications.