颅内感染患儿血及脑脊液β-内啡肽及C-反应蛋白的变化

目的探讨颅内感染患儿联合检测血及脑脊液(CSF)β-内啡肽(-βEP)及C-反应蛋白(CRP)的临床意义。方法65例确诊颅内感染患儿为观察组,其中病毒性脑炎组(病脑组)48例,化脓性脑膜炎组(化脑组)12例,结核性脑膜炎组(结脑组)5例,用放射免疫法分别测定急性期及恢复期血及CSF中-βEP及CRP含量;另外24例有神经系统表现但非颅内感染患儿作为对照组。结果感染早期观察组血及CSF中-βEP含量均明显升高,高于对照组;恢复期上述指标明显下降。化脑组与病脑组、结脑组及对照组比较,血清CRP浓度在急性期明显升高,恢复期明显下降;而病脑组和结脑组始终在正常范围;各组CSFCRP浓度在急性期及恢复期无明显变化。结论测定血及CSF中-βEP含量有助于早期诊断颅内感染,同时检测血清CRP有助于早期鉴别化脓性及非化脓性感染。     

中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液及血清S100B蛋白变化的意义

目的 探讨中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液(CSF)及血清S100B蛋白水平变化的意义.方法 中枢神经系统感染患儿43例,其中结核性脑膜炎(简称结脑)12例,化脓性脑膜炎(简称化脑)9例,病毒性脑炎(简称病脑)22例.对照组患儿18例,其中先天性心脏病、肠套叠各6例,血管瘤、急性阑尾炎各3例.中枢神经系统患儿治疗前后留取血清及CSF标本,对照组术前留取血清及CSF标本.CSF及血清S100B蛋白水平均采用ELISA检测.结果 治疗前结脑、化脑和病脑患儿CSF及血清S100B蛋白水平均明显高于对照组(Pa＜0.001).恢复期结脑、化脑和病脑患儿CSF及血清中S100B蛋白水平均明显下降,但结脑患儿CSF及血清S100B蛋白水平仍均高于对照组(Pa＜0.01),而化脑组和病脑组患儿CSF及血清S100B蛋白水平与对照组比较差异均无显著性意义(Pa＞0.05).结论 CSF及血清S100B蛋白水平测定有助于中枢神经系统感染患儿的诊断及预后的判断.     

中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液和血清补体C3、C4变化

目的：观察中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液（CSF）和血清补体C3、C4水平变化。方法：采用免疫透射比浊法检测14例细菌性脑膜炎（化脑组）及18例病毒性脑炎（病脑组）患儿急性期CSF和血清中补体C3、C4水平，并选取上呼吸道感染患儿16例为对照组，同时检测对照组CSF及血清补体C3、C4水平。对3组进行对照分析。结果：1．化脑组CSF和血清补体C3、C4水平明显高于病脑和对照组（F=46．878，93．104，22．603，80．647 Pa〈0．01），病脑与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（Pa〉0．05）。2．化脑组CSF中补体C3、C4水平与其血清水平均无相关性（r=0．036，0．129 Pa〉0．05）。结论：测定CSF和血清补体C3、C4水平有助于早期诊断及鉴别诊断中枢神经系统感染。     

儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病血清IGF-1和IGFBP-3表达变化及其意义

目的：探讨急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患儿血清中胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3（IGFBP-3）水平的表达变化及其临床意义。 方法：36例ALL患儿分别在治疗前和完全缓解后6个月留取血清, 对照组血清来自30例外科疾病患儿。应用放射免疫法（RIA）测定IGF-1和免疫放射法（IRMA）测定IGFBP-3水平。结果：ALL组治疗前血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平分别为19±4 ng/mL和1216±132 ng/mL,低于对照组的IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平（分别为32±3 ng/mL、2104±191 ng/mL）, 差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。结论：ALL患儿血清IGF-1和IGFBP-3水平降低,并随着病情缓解而升高。提示IGF-1和IGFBP-3可能可以作为儿童ALL诊断及疗效判断的有效指标。     

颅内感染患儿血和脑脊液C-反应蛋白检测的临床意义

目的：探讨血和脑脊液C-反应蛋白(CRP)的检测对颅内感染鉴别诊断的价值及其动态变化的临床意义。方法：92例诊断明确的各型颅内感染患儿，其中化脓性脑膜炎(化脑组)22例，病毒性脑(膜)炎组(病脑组) 40例，结核性脑膜炎组(结脑组) 30例，用免疫比浊法检测血清和脑脊液CRP浓度，并于治疗7～10 d后复查，另15例有神经系统症状但非颅内感染的患儿作对照组(其中热性惊厥8例，癫痫7例)。结果：化脑组治疗前、后血清CRP浓度分别与对照组、化脑组、病脑组、结脑组比较均有统计学意义，脑脊液CRP浓度各组间比较无统计学意义。结论：化脑组血清CRP浓度明显高于病脑组和结脑组，血清CRP 检测有助于化脑和病脑及结脑的鉴别。     

颅内感染患儿血清和脑脊液中C反应蛋白及神经元特异性烯醇化酶含量变化的研究

目的 观察颅内感染患儿血清和脑脊液中C反应蛋白(CRP)及神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的含量变化及其意义.方法 以49例颅内感染患儿为研究对象,其中病毒性脑炎(病脑)21例,结核性脑膜炎(结脑)12例,化脓性脑膜炎(化脑)16例,分别采用免疫比浊法和放免法测定血清及脑脊液中CRP及NSE含量.结果 结脑组与化脑组血清与脑脊液中CRP含量差异无显著性(P＜0.05),而这两组均明显高于病脑组与对照组(P＜0.05),病脑组与对照组间差异也无显著性(P＜0.05).各组血清与脑脊液中NSE含量差异均有显著性(P＜0.05),依次为病脑组＞结脑组＞化脑组＞对照组.血清和脑脊液中CRP及NSE含量呈高度正相关(P＜0.05).结论 测定血清和脑脊液中CRP及NSE含量的变化有助于颅内感染的鉴别诊断及脑损害程度的判断.?＃     

颅内感染患儿血清和脑脊液中C反应蛋白及神经元特异性烯醇化酶含量变化的研究

目的 观察颅内感染患儿血清和脑脊液中C反应蛋白(CRP)及神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的含量变化及其意义.方法 以49例颅内感染患儿为研究对象,其中病毒性脑炎(病脑)21例,结核性脑膜炎(结脑)12例,化脓性脑膜炎(化脑)16例,分别采用免疫比浊法和放免法测定血清及脑脊液中CRP及NSE含量.结果 结脑组与化脑组血清与脑脊液中CRP含量差异无显著性(P＜0.05),而这两组均明显高于病脑组与对照组(P＜0.05),病脑组与对照组间差异也无显著性(P＜0.05).各组血清与脑脊液中NSE含量差异均有显著性(P＜0.05),依次为病脑组＞结脑组＞化脑组＞对照组.血清和脑脊液中CRP及NSE含量呈高度正相关(P＜0.05).结论 测定血清和脑脊液中CRP及NSE含量的变化有助于颅内感染的鉴别诊断及脑损害程度的判断.?＃     

基质金属蛋白酶检测对鉴别化脓性脑膜炎与病毒性脑炎的价值

目的通过对血清和脑脊液(CSF)基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)水平检测,探讨其对小儿化脓性脑膜炎(化脑)与病毒性脑炎(病脑)的鉴别诊断价值。方法采用ELISA法检测18例化脑及22例病脑患儿急性期血清和CSF中MMP-2、MMP-9水平,并与正常对照组比较。结果化脑、病脑患儿血清和CSF中MMP-2、MMP-9水平显著高于正常对照组(P<0.001),且化脑组显著高于病脑组(P<0.001)。结论血清和CSF中MMP-2、MMP-9检测,对小儿化脑与病脑有早期诊断和鉴别诊断价值,为临床尽早用药提供实验室依据。     

肺表面活性物质对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿血清Th1/Th2平衡的影响

目的：探讨肺表面活性物质(PS)对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（NRDS）患儿血清Th1/Th2平衡和血清IgE浓度的影响。方法：纳入NRDS患儿共58名,其中未接受PS治疗、只给予机械通气和其他一般治疗的患儿 20例作为对照组;除机械通气及一般治疗外,入院1 h内应用牛肺表面活性剂治疗的患儿38例作为PS组。采用ELISA法检测两组患儿在治疗前及治疗后24、48、72 h血清中白细胞介素4（IL-4）、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）及IgE的浓度,同时记录动脉血气、呼吸系统顺应性等呼吸机参数。结果：PS组机械通气时间、氧暴露时间明显低于对照组（均P<0.05）。在治疗后24、48、72 h,PS组肺顺应性显著高于对照组,氧合指数显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后48和72 h,PS组IFN-γ血清浓度分别为120±46、141±40 ng/L,显著低于对照组（48和72 h分别为229±59、282±43 ng/L）;IL-4血清浓度分别为263±48、417±49 pg/mL,显著高于对照组（48和72 h分别为152±45、201±46 pg/mL）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后72 h,PS组血清IgE浓度（115±44 ng/mL）显著低于对照组（199±43 ng/mL）（P<0.05）。结论：PS不仅缩短机械通气和氧暴露时间,还可以调节血清IFN-γ、IL-4、IgE水平,影响Th1/Th2平衡,从而抑制肺部炎症反应,减轻肺损伤。     

病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液和血清S-100β蛋白测定的意义

目的探讨病毒性脑炎(病脑)患儿脑脊液(CSF)和血清S-100β蛋白变化的临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验双抗体夹心法对36例病脑和20例无神经系统疾病而需外科手术的腰麻患儿CSF和血清S-100β蛋白进行测定。比较昏迷组与无昏迷组、惊厥组与无惊厥组、有后遗症组与无后遗症组CSF和血清S-100β蛋白水平的差异。结果 1．病例组和对照组CSF 中S-100β蛋白水平分别为(0.641±0．390)、(0．037±0．014)μg/L,血清S-100β蛋白水平分别为(0．444±0．257)、(0．023± 0．009)μg/L,两组CSF、和血清S-100β蛋白水平均有显著性差异(P<0．01,0．05);昏迷组CSF和血清S-100β蛋白均显著高于无昏迷组(P均<0 01);惊厥组CSF和血清S-100β蛋白水平均高于无惊厥组(P均<0．01);后遗症组CSF和血清S-100β蛋白均高于无后遗症组(P均<0．01)。结论病脑患儿CSF和血清S-100β蛋白水平与疾病严重程度相关,检测病脑患儿S-100β蛋白水平的变化,有助于判定脑组织受损的严重程度及评估患儿的预后。     

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目的观察中枢神经系统感染患儿血清和脑脊液(CSF)中基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-2、MMP-9)水平,并结合CSF白蛋白指数(AQ),探讨MMP-2、MMP-9在中枢神经系统感染血脑屏障(blood-brainbarrier,BBB)破坏中的作用。方法2004-09—2005-10河北医大附属二院采用ELISA法检测18例化脓性脑膜炎患儿急性期、恢复期及22例病毒性脑炎患儿急性期血清和CSF中MMP-2、MMP-9水平,并与非中枢神经系统感染对照组比较。结果化脓性脑膜炎(化脑)、病毒性脑炎(病脑)患儿急性期血清和CSF中MMP-2、MMP-9水平显著高于正常对照组(P<0·001),且化脑组显著高于病脑组(P<0·001)。化脑组恢复期患儿血清和CSF中MMP-2、MMP-9水平与对照组无明显差异(P>0·05)。结论中枢神经系统感染患儿血清和CSF中MMP-2、MMP-9水平显著增高,提示MMP-2、MMP-9可能参与了中枢神经系统感染的病理过程。     

细菌性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液和血清B7-H3、白细胞介素-1β水平变化及其临床意义

目的观察急性期细菌性脑膜炎(BM)和病毒性脑炎(VEM)患儿血清和脑脊液中可溶性协同刺激分子B7-H3(CD276)、IL-1β的水平变化,探讨其临床意义。方法收集2010年7月-2011年11月在本院神经内科住院的BM患儿17例、VEM患儿12例的急性期脑脊液和血清。采用双抗体酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测各组对象血清和脑脊液B7-H3和IL-1β水平,应用SPSS 17.0统计软件对各组进行分析,并对B7-H3和IL-1β进行相关性分析。结果 BM组患儿脑脊液中B7-H3与IL-1β水平均显著高于VEM组(P<0.01,0.05);BM组患儿血清中B7-H3水平明显高于VEM组(P<0.05)。BM组和VEM组血清IL-1β的变化无统计学差异(P>0.05)。BM组脑脊液中B7-H3与IL-1β水平变化呈正相关(r=0.526,P<0.05)。结论协同刺激分子B7-H3在脑脊液和血清中的水平测定具有急性期BM和VEM的鉴别诊断价值;B7-H3与IL-1β水平可以作为BM的早期诊断的参考指标之一。协同刺激分子B7-H3与炎症因子IL-1β参与了细菌性脑膜炎的急性期炎症反应过程。     

急性中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液中IL-6和TNF水平的测定及临床意义

目的　探讨急性中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液 (CSF)中白细胞介素 - 6 (IL - 6 )和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)水平的变化及临床意义。方法　采用ELISA法对 5 0例初诊为中枢神经系统感染患儿 ,其中化脓性脑膜炎(PM ) 1 8例 ,病毒性脑膜脑炎 (VE) 32例 ,进行了CSF中IL - 6和TNF水平测定 ,并与 1 2例对照组测定值进行比较。结果　PM组患儿CSF中IL - 6和TNF水平 (分别为 746± 499pg/ml和 5 6 5± 371 pg/ml)明显高于VE组 (分别为 1 6 5± 1 76 pg/ml和 75± 73pg/ml)和对照组 (分别 1 0± 1 7pg/ml和 2 1± 2 6pg/ml) (均 P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,VE组CSF中IL - 6和TNF水平亦明显高于对照组 (分别P <0 .0 1和P <0 .0 5 )。患儿CSF中IL - 6和TNF水平与脑脊液白细胞计数之间相关性分析 ,未见显著性意义。结论　IL - 6和TNF参与了急性中枢神经系统感染的病理生理过程 ,CSF中IL - 6和TNF的测定可能对化脓性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜脑炎的鉴别具有一定的意义。     

急性脑损伤患儿下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子水平的变化

目的 探讨急性脑损伤患儿下丘脑神经元促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)分泌水平的变化.方法 选择我院儿科监护病房51例颅内感染和11例非颅内感染脑损伤患儿为研究对象,用Glasgow评分对其脑损伤严重程度进行评估,用放射免疫法测定脑脊液中CRF水平与血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白细胞介素(IL)-6水平.结果 颅内感染组和非颅内感染组患儿的Glasgow评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.302 6),颅内感染组患儿的脑脊液中CRF浓度低于非颅内感染组(P＜0.01),TNF-α、IL-6水平高于非颅内感染组(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).与Glasgow评分为6～7分的患儿相比,Glasgow评分为4～5分的患儿脑脊液CRF及血清TNF-x和IL-6水平显著增加(P＜0.05,P＜0.001).结论 颅内感染组和非颅内感染组患儿脑脊液中CRF水平是变化的,这可能与TNF-α、IL-6和低氧应激刺激脑损伤患儿下丘脑CRF神经元分泌有关.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the changes of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) levels secreted by hypothalamus neuron in children with acute brain injury. Methods Fifty-one intracranial-infection children with brain injury and 11 intracranial-noninfection children with brain injury were chosen from pediatric intensive care unit of our hospital. Severities of their brain damage were evaluated by Glasgow score,and CRF level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results There was no significant difference of Glasgow scores between the intracranial infection group and intracranial-noninfection group ( P = 0. 302 6 ), CSF CRF level of intracranial infection group was significantly lower than that of intracranial-noninfection group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels of intracranial infection group were significantly higher than those of intracranial-noninfection group ( P ＜ 0. 01,P ＜0. 001 ). As comparing to the children with Glasgow score of 6 ～ 7, the levels of CSF CRF and serum TNF-α and IL-6 in children with Glasgow score of 4 ～ 5 were significantly increased ( P ＜ 0. 05, P ＜ 0. 001 ).Conclusion CSF CRF level of the children with acute brain injury is changing, which may be concerned with the secretion of hypothalamus CRF neuron stimulated by TNF-α, IL-6 and hypoxia stress in children with brain injury.     

急性中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液中IL-6和TNF水平的测定及临床意义

目的　探讨急性中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液 (CSF)中白细胞介素 - 6 (IL - 6 )和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)水平的变化及临床意义。方法　采用ELISA法对 5 0例初诊为中枢神经系统感染患儿 ,其中化脓性脑膜炎(PM ) 1 8例 ,病毒性脑膜脑炎 (VE) 32例 ,进行了CSF中IL - 6和TNF水平测定 ,并与 1 2例对照组测定值进行比较。结果　PM组患儿CSF中IL - 6和TNF水平 (分别为 746± 499pg/ml和 5 6 5± 371 pg/ml)明显高于VE组 (分别为 1 6 5± 1 76 pg/ml和 75± 73pg/ml)和对照组 (分别 1 0± 1 7pg/ml和 2 1± 2 6pg/ml) (均 P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,VE组CSF中IL - 6和TNF水平亦明显高于对照组 (分别P <0 .0 1和P <0 .0 5 )。患儿CSF中IL - 6和TNF水平与脑脊液白细胞计数之间相关性分析 ,未见显著性意义。结论　IL - 6和TNF参与了急性中枢神经系统感染的病理生理过程 ,CSF中IL - 6和TNF的测定可能对化脓性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜脑炎的鉴别具有一定的意义。     

Seasonal outbreak of enteroviral meningitis during summer 2005: experience of a French pediatric unit]

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and biological characteristics of children presenting with enteroviral (EV) meningitis in a French paediatric unit during summer 2005. METHODS: Retrospective study of children with EV meningitis from May to September 2005, diagnosed by PCR and/or viral culture in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum or throat. RESULTS: We reported 99 cases of EV meningitis (96 confirmed and 3 probable). The sex ratio was 2/1, and the median age was 5 years. Peak incidence was reached during the second week of July. The predominant symptom was meningism. ENT (16%), digestive (10%), cutaneous (15%) or respiratory (4%) symptoms were rare. Blood leucocyte count found a predominance of neutrophils (73%), and lymphopenia in half of the children. The mean value of CRP was 25,5 mg/l. The median leukocyte count in CSF was 65 cells/mm(3), with a prevalence of neutrophils in 60% of cases. Pleiocytosis was absent in 20 children. CSF protein level was increased in 20% of cases. The rate of hospitalization was 57,5%. Intravenous antibiotic treatment, initiated among 18 patients, was stopped in 66,6% of the cases on reception of PCR result. The latter result was obtained in 2,3 days on average. CONCLUSION: The epidemic of 2005 EV meningitis was as widespread as that of summer 2000. Characteristics of these meningitis are strong proportion of CSF without pleiocytose and high prevalence of neutrophils in blood and CSF.     

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein is a potential marker for invasive bacterial infections in children

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that elevated lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) serum concentration is a useful marker in the early diagnosis of invasive bacterial infection in children. We measured LBP in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with proven invasive infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Samples were collected from 39 children (aged 2 months to 17 years) with bacterial sepsis (n = 19) or meningitis (n = 20). Bacterial infection was diagnosed when a blood or CSF culture was positive and clinical signs of invasive infection were present. The control group consisted of serum (n = 60) and CSF (n = 19) samples from children with neurologic disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis or viral infection. In 10 patients with bacterial infection, follow-up samples (24 and 48 hours) were available. LBP values were measured by an immunochemiluminescence analyzer (IMMULITE; DPC Biermann, Bad Nauheim, Germany) and compared with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 concentrations. RESULTS: The median LBP serum concentrations in patients with bacterial infection were markedly elevated compared with the control groups (45.0 [33.1-55.2] versus 8.3 [6.8-10.1] microg/mL [median and 5-95% confidence interval]; P < 0.0001). Follow-up serum values of LBP were persistently elevated despite adequate antibiotic treatment, whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 concentrations decreased. In contrast, LBP concentrations in the CSF were below the detection limit of 0.5 microg/mL in 67% of patients with bacterial meningitis (median <0.5 microg/mL), whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 levels were highly elevated. CONCLUSION: LBP serum concentration is elevated in serum of children with invasive bacterial infection and could be a promising diagnostic marker.     

C-reactive protein in CNS infection.

Serum and CSF levels of CRP were measured by radial immunoassay in 99 subjects consisting of 20 controls, 34 pyogenic meningitis (PM), 21 tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and 24 viral encephalitis (VE). There was significant difference in the CRP levels (p less than 0.01) depending on the type of disease in both serum and CSF. The initial serum and CSF levels of CRP in patients with TBM was intermediate between those of PM and VE and were found to be significantly (p less than 0.001) low when compared with three days post treatment levels in children with PM. Both serum and CSF-CRP levels were significantly high (p less than 0.001) in patients succumbing to death than those who survived. Measurement of CRP in serum and CSF is a useful parameter in differentiating partially treated PM from TBM.     

Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis in the evaluation of childhood infections

Samples of CSF, serum, and urine from 162 children with a clinical diagnosis of possible bacterial infection were examined by CIE within 1 hr of admission to the hospital. Results obtained were compared to information derived from gram stain and bacterial cultures of these specimens. Thirty-eight of 59 patients with culturally proved bacterial infections had positive CIE determinations at the time of admission. Highest correlation between culture and CIE results was in patients with meningitis due to Hemophilus influenzae type b while poorest correlation was obtained in children with pneumococcal septicemia. PRP within serum or CSF was quantitated on 21 occasions in patients with H. influenzae meningitis. Patients who experienced sequelae of their meningitis had significantly (p less than 0.005-0.025) higher levels of PRP within CSF and serum than those whose recovery was uneventful.