The effect of Ulinastatin on autophagy and apoptosis in the acute paraquat poisoning rats lung cellular北大核心CSCD

Objective: To investigate the effects of ulinastatin on autophagy and apoptosis of lung cells in rats with acute paraquat poisoning. Methods: A total of 150 Wistar rats were randomly (random number) divided into three groups. The rats in control group had stomach lavaged once with 1 mL of normal saline followed by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL normal saline twice a day. PQ poisoning model was produced by stomach lavaged once with 1 mL of 40 mg/kg PQ solution followed by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL normal saline once a day. In PQ + ulinastatin (PU) group, UTI in dose of 12 000 U/kg was intraperitoneally injected in rats twice a day. The lung tissue was obtained on the 7th day after modeling, and the histopathological changes were observed under microscope after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The positive expressions of autophagy-related LC3 protein LC3 and Bcl-2 pretein in lung tissue were observed after immunohistochemistry staining, and the levels of LC3, Bax, Bcl-2 proteins were determined by Western blot. Results HE staining Results showed: it was observed from the PQ poisoning group that the abnormal cellular structure, enlargement in the pulmonary alveoli, leaking a lot of inflammatory cells, increased thickness of the alveoli wall and bleeding in the local area of lung tissue. Compared with the PQ poisoning group, the above changes in ulinastatin groups were relieved. Western blot Results showed; compared with the control group, the protein expressions of LC3-A/B were significantly increased in PQ poisoning group [LC3-A/B expression (A scale):0.22 ±0.05 vs. 0.14±0.03, F = 22.48, P < 0.01]. compared with PQ group, the expression of LC3 A/B obviously increased in the group of PU [LC3-A/B expression (A scale): 0.36 ± 0.08 vs. 0.22 ± 0.05, F = 22.78, P < 0.01]. compared with Con group, the expression of Bcl-2/Bax obviously decreased in the group of PQ [Bcl-2/Bax expression (A scale), 0.11 ± 0.04 vs. 0.83 ± 0.09, F = 154.43, P < 0.01]. Compared with PQ poisoning group, the protein expressions of Bcl-2/Bax were obviously increased in PU groups [Bcl-2/Bax expression (A scale): (0.63 ± 018) vs. (0.11 ± 0.04), F = 154.43, P < 0.01]. Immunohistochemistry result; compared with Con group, the expression of LC3 and Bcl-2 obviously decreased in the group of PQ [LC3 expression (A scale); (78.34±10.71) vs. (117.58 ±15.26), F =31.63, P < 0.01) (Bcl-2 expression (A scale): (62.54 ± 9.74) vs. (130.52 ± 9.86, F = 118.44, P < 0.01). Compared with PQ poisoning group, the protein expressions of LC3 and Bcl-2 were obviously increased in PU groups [LC3expression (A scale): (162.58 ±25.76) vs. (78.34 ± 10.71), F = 31.63, P < 0.01]; [Bcl-2 expression (A scale): (145.56 ±10.26) as. (62.54 ±9.74), F = 118.44, P < 0.01]. Conclusions: The endoplasmic reticulum stress - autophagy is activated in the lung cells of rats with acute PQ poisoning. UTI can adjust endoplasmic reticulum stress, increased the expression of Bcl-2 and enhance the proportion of Bcl-2/Bax to protect the lungs of rats from acute PQ poisoning.     

脉冲强磁场对膀胱肿瘤BIU-87细胞生长相关基因表达的影响

目的 研究脉冲强磁场对人膀胱肿瘤BIU-87细胞生长相关基因表达的影响.方法 将体外培养的人膀胱肿瘤BIU-87细胞分为磁场组及对照组.磁场组细胞给予脉冲强磁场干预(磁场强度为8 T,频率为15 Hz),每天持续干预2 h;对照组细胞亦置于相同环境中,但未给予曝磁处理.分别于实验进行24 h、48 h及72 h后采用逆转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测各组细胞B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病基因-2(Bcl-2)、促凋亡基因(Bax)及凋亡促进因子-3(caspase-3)mRNA表达,采用流式细胞仪检测Bcl-2、Bax及caspase-3蛋白表达.结果 实验进行24 h、48 h及72 h后,发现磁场组Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白表达在上述各时间点均较对照组明显降低,Bax mRNA及蛋白表达均较对照组显著增强(P＜0.05);caspase-3 mRNA及蛋白表达在上述各时间点组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 脉冲强磁场能抑制膀胱肿瘤BIU-87细胞生长,促其凋亡,其机制可能与脉冲强磁场促进Bax mRNA及蛋白表达、抑制Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To estimate any influence of strong pulsed magnetic fields on the expression of growth-related genes in human bladder cancer BIU-87 cells. Methods Human BIU-87 cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into a magnetic field group and a control group. Each group was further divided into 24 h, 48 h and 72 h sub-groups. The magnetic field group cells were exposed to an 8 T magnetic field pulsed at 15 Hz for 2 h every day. The control group cells also placed on the same environment, but not exposed to any strong, pulsed magnetic field. The expression of B cell lymphoma/leukemia gene-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA, Bax mRNA and caspase-3 mRNA was measured with RT-PCR, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of the Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 genes of the tumor cells in vitro. Results The expression of Bax mRNA and protein was significantly higher in the cells exposed to the magnetic field than in the control groups. The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein was significantly less. The expression of caspase-3 mRNA and protein in the two groups showed no significant differences.Conclusions A strong, pulsed magnetic field can inhibit the growth of bladder tumor BIU-87 cells and promote their apoptosis. The mechanism is probably related with the magnetic field promoting Bax mRNA and protein expression and inhibiting Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression.     

乌司他丁对脓毒症大鼠肺脏的保护作用

目的 观察乌司他丁(Ulinastatin)对脓毒症大鼠肺脏的保护作用,并从细胞凋亡的角度分析其可能的作用机制.方法 40只雌性SD大鼠随机(随机数字法)分为对照组及治疗组(乌司他丁30万U/kg)各20只.以经典盲肠结扎穿孔法(CLP)成功制作脓毒症大鼠模型,并在术后脓毒症的症状出现时(术后3 h),治疗组按设计剂量经腹腔给药,而对照组给于同等量的PBS溶液.用药后12 h取两组大鼠肺组织通过透射电子显微镜观察其超微结构变化,并通过免疫组织化学技术法检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2及Bax在肺组织内的表达情况,用图片分析软件(Image-pro plus,IPP)检测Bcl-2及Bax累积光密度值(IOD),并计算Bcl-2/Bax比值.结果 透射电子显微镜观察对照组大鼠肺组织,可见肺泡壁明显充血水肿、肺泡腔萎陷缩小,腔内大量渗出液等炎症改变,而治疗组(30万U/kg)大鼠肺组织充血、渗出等改变减轻.免疫组织化学检测结果提示抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2在对照组与治疗组大鼠肺组织内表达的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且治疗组表达高于对照组;而促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达在对照组较治疗组高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);Bcl-2/Bax 比值结果提示治疗组比值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 乌司他丁对脓毒症大鼠的肺组织有明确的保护作用,可能通过抑制炎症反应的同时也抑制细胞的凋亡而发挥作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prottective effect of ulinstatin on lung of rats with sepsis and its mechanism of ameliorating cell apoptosis. Method A total of 40 female SD rats were randomly (random number)divided into the control group and the therapy group (ulinastatin 300 000 u/kg). The rat models of sepsis were produced by the classical method of cecal ligature and puncture (CLP), and the designed doses ulinastatin were given intra-peritoneally to the rats of the ulinastatin group and the same amounts of PBS (phosphate buffered solution) instead of ulinastatin were administered intra-peritoneally to the rats of the control group when the sepsis symptoms appeared usually in 3 hours after modeling. In 12 hours after treatment, lung tissues of rats in two groups were taken for observation under the transmission electron microscopy and detecting the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in lung tissues by using immunohistochemical technique. The levels of the integrated optical density(IOD)of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were detected by using Image-pro plus software and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was calculated. Results Transmission electron microscope showed that lung tissue in control group had inflmmatory changes such as severe congestion and consolidation, and those changes in ulinastatin treatment group (300 000 u/kg)were significantly slighter. There were significant differences in the levels of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in lung tissue of rats between two groups(P＜0.01), and the level of protein Bcl-2 in ulinas tatin group were higher than those in control group. The level of pro-apoptotic protein Bax in control group were higher than that in ulinastatin group (P＜0.01). The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in ulinas tatin group was higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ulinastatin has protective effect on lung tissue in septic rats, and it may inhibit the inflammatory response and in the same time plays a role in inhibiting cell apoptosis.     

微管相关蛋白1轻链3在新生期大鼠惊厥后海马的表达

Objective To explore the repetitive expressions of autophagy marker protein-rnicrotubule-associ-ated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in hippocampus in newborn rats with recurrent seizure and the influence of 3-methyladeine (3-MA) on LC2 expressions. Method Seventy-two 6-day-old SD rats were randomly (random nam-ber) divided into the recurrent neonatal seizure group (RS group, n = 24), the 3-MA-treated seizure group (3-MA group, n = 24) and control group (n = 24). Rats in RS group were subjected to 55 attacks of seizure induced by flurothyl in 9 successive days from the 6th postnatal day (P6). In 3-MA group, 2 μL of 3-MA was injected every day till seizure induced. Western blot analysis was used to determine LC3 protein level in hippocampus at different intervals of 1.5 h,3 h,6 h and 24 h after the last convulsion. The LC3 protein level was analyzed with Dunnett test after ANOVA. Results LC3 protein levels in RS group at the different intervals were significantly higher than those in the control group and in 3-MA group (F =4.70,5.28,8.51 and 5.89, respectively, P <0.05), and there were no significant differences in LC3 protein level between 3-MA group and control group at those intervals (P > 0.05). Conclusions The autophagy/lysosomal pathway is immediately activated after recurrent seizure evidenced by the elevated expressions of LC3 in hippocampus. The 3-MA is involved in the regulation of autophagy/ lysosomal pathway by down-regulating the expressions of LC3.     

Study on adenovirus mediated antisense p38α fragment gene in suppressing apoptosis of the myocardium of neonatal rat by burn serum and hypoxia

Objective To investigate the relationship between the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in the myocardium and the apoptosis in the presence of burn serum and hypoxia. Methods Ventricular myocardium isolated from neonatal rats were employed in this study, and they were divided into three groups as the normal control group, with the myocardium grew naturally; burn serum+ hypoxia group, in which the myocardium was stimulated by the serum collected from the rat 6 hours after burn injury involving 40% of total body surface area (TBSA), and at the same time exposed to 1%O2, 5% CO2, and 94 %N2; antisense blocking group, in which rats were pretreated by AD-antisense (AS) p38α, then exposed to the same conditions as burn serum+hypoxia group.The phosphorylation of p38 in the myocardium was determined by Western blotting.The level of myocardium apoptosis was determined by DNA ladder and flow cytometry.Results Compared with normal control group, the level of phosphorylation of p38 (gray value) was markedly increased (8.68±0.14 vs.3.21±0.05, P＜0.01＝ after being exposed to burn serum and hypoxia, and at the same time myocardium apoptosis was strikingly increased[(50.367±0.451)% vs.(2.063±0.111)%, P＜0.01＝.When the myocardium was transfected by AD-ASp38α, the phosphorylation of p38 (gray level) was decreased remarkably (5.46±0.16 vs.8.68±0.14, P＜0.01＝, the rate of the apoptosis was lowered remarkably[(13.200 ± 0.121 ) % vs.(50.367 ± 0.451)%, P ＜ 0.01]. Conclusion Burn serum combined with hypoxia can induce apoptosis of the myocardium by activating p38MAPK;blockage of p38MAPK signal transduction pathway may lessen the damage of the myocardium in early period of severe burn.     

脊髓损伤大鼠核因子kappa B与细胞凋亡及肢体功能间的相关性分析

Objective To investigate the relationship of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB),Bcl-2 and Bax with limb function after acute spinal cord injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight rats were divided at random into a control group and an experimental group with 24 rats in each.The spinal cords of the rats in the experimental group were injured at the T8,9,10 level through moderate compression.Four hours,8 h,and 1,3,7 and 14 days after the injury,4 rats were selected randomly from each group and graded with a BBB score.They were then sacrificed and their spinal cords were collected.Immunohistochemical measurements were used to observe the expression of NF-κB, Bcl-2 and Bax. Results NF-κB,Bcl-2 and Bax were observed in the injured spinal nerve cells of rats in the exper imental group but were absent in the control group.After injury,the expression of these factors increased at first and then decreased.BBB scores for limb function increased gradually.No correlation was found between the changes in NF-κB and Bcl-2,but the expression of NF-κB was positively correlated with that of Bax.There was negative correla tion between NF-kB levels and BBB scores,and between NF-kB levels and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. Conclusion In rats,there is a close negative correlation between NF-kappa B levels,the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and limb function after acute spinaI cord iujury.     

超声辐照载羟基喜树碱微泡对肝癌SMMC-7721 细胞凋亡及相关蛋白表达的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of ultrasound irradiating hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT)-loaded microbubbles on apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells, and to clarify its probable mechanism. Methods The SMMC-7721 cells were randomly divided into six groups as follows: control group, blank liposome microbubbles plus ultrasound, HCPT-loaded microbubbles, HCPT, HCPT plus ultrasound,and HCPT-loaded microbubbles plus ultrasound. Apoptosis was ascertained by Annexin V-Fire/ PI and TUNEL methods. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein was detected by immunocytochemistry staining technique. Results In the group of HCPT-loaded microbubbles plus ultrasound,the apoptosis rate at early term was found to reach (12.18 ± 1.38)% by Annexin V-Fitc/PI assay, brown-colored positive apoptotic cells were observed and the apoptosis rate at advanced term was found to reach (34.25 ± 1.83)% with TUNEL method. The expression of Bcl-2 was found to decrease,the expression of Bax increase,and the ratio of Bcl-2/bax significantly decrease by immunocytochemistry staining technique in the same group. Differences with other groups were significant. Conclusions The method of ultrasound irradiating HCPT-loaded microbubbles can notability induce human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells apoptosis. The decrease in the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax might be responsible for cells apoptosis.     

超声辐照载羟基喜树碱微泡对肝癌SMMC-7721 细胞凋亡及相关蛋白表达的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of ultrasound irradiating hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT)-loaded microbubbles on apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells, and to clarify its probable mechanism. Methods The SMMC-7721 cells were randomly divided into six groups as follows: control group, blank liposome microbubbles plus ultrasound, HCPT-loaded microbubbles, HCPT, HCPT plus ultrasound,and HCPT-loaded microbubbles plus ultrasound. Apoptosis was ascertained by Annexin V-Fire/ PI and TUNEL methods. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein was detected by immunocytochemistry staining technique. Results In the group of HCPT-loaded microbubbles plus ultrasound,the apoptosis rate at early term was found to reach (12.18 ± 1.38)% by Annexin V-Fitc/PI assay, brown-colored positive apoptotic cells were observed and the apoptosis rate at advanced term was found to reach (34.25 ± 1.83)% with TUNEL method. The expression of Bcl-2 was found to decrease,the expression of Bax increase,and the ratio of Bcl-2/bax significantly decrease by immunocytochemistry staining technique in the same group. Differences with other groups were significant. Conclusions The method of ultrasound irradiating HCPT-loaded microbubbles can notability induce human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells apoptosis. The decrease in the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax might be responsible for cells apoptosis.     

NG-硝基-L-精氨酸对脂多糖诱导大鼠肺损伤时肺表面活性物质和细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨NG-硝基-L-精氨酸(L-NA)对内毒素性肺损伤大鼠肺表面活性物质(PS)和细胞凋亡的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠24只,按随机数字表法均分为对照组、模型组、L-NA治疗组.模型组、L-NA治疗组舌下静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)复制内毒素性肺损伤模型;对照组给予等量生理盐水.L-NA治疗组于注射LPS 3 h后给予L-NA 20 mg/kg;对照组和模型组给予等量生理盐水.6 h后处死动物,取肺组织,用原位杂交法测定肺组织表面活性物质相关蛋白A(SP-A)mRNA表达;用流式细胞术检测肺组织细胞凋亡率;用蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)蛋白表达;用免疫组化法测定Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达.结果 与对照组比较,模型组SP-A mRNA表达[吸光度(A)值]明显下降(0.071±0.017比0.113±0.021),细胞凋亡率[(25.04±4.57)%比(11.37±3.08)%]、caspase-3蛋白表达(A值:298.64±37.11比110.24±14.35)、Bax蛋白表达(A值:0.145±0.011比0.076±0.010)明显升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达(A值:0.064±0.011比0.073±0.009)和Bcl-2/Bax比值(0.447±0.086比0.976±0.157)明显下降(均P<0.01).与模型组比较,L-NA治疗组SP-A mRNA表达(A值:0.085±0.015)和Bcl-2蛋白表达(A值:0.070±0.087)明显增强(P<0.01和P<0.05),但细胞凋亡率[(20.67±1.35)%]、caspase-3蛋白表达(A值:268.75±42.56)、Bax蛋白表达(A值:0.142±0.012)和Bcl-2/Bax比值(0.498±0.069)均无明显变化(均P>0.05).结论 L-NA不通过抑制肺细胞凋亡来减轻内毒素性肺损伤的程度,对调节凋亡相关基因caspase-3和Bax也无明显影响;而是可通过增强PS表达减轻内毒素性肺损伤.     

低氧训练与低氧大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡因子的表达

背景：低氧训练时,机体既要承受运动负荷,同时处于外界的低氧环境,此时,心组织将如何适应其变化？其机制研究国内外较少。目的：观察低氧与低氧训练对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及Bax及Bcl-2表达的影响。方法：SD大鼠共60只随机分为6组,常氧组、低氧8h组、低氧12h组、常氧训练组、低氧8h训练组和低氧12h训练组,每组10只。后3组大鼠每天在坡度为0的动物跑台上以25m／min的速度训练1h。训练完后,将低氧8h组、低氧8h训练组和低氧12h组、低氧12h训练组放入氧体积分数为12．5％（相当于海拔4000m）的低氧舱内8h和12h。实验期为4周,5d／周。最后1次实验结束后24h,大鼠均实施速眠新II腹腔麻醉后取材,采用苏木精-伊红染色、原位末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法及蛋白免疫组织化学法检测各组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡和Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达。结果与结论：①与常氧组相比,低氧12h组、常氧训练组、低氧训练组心肌细胞凋亡指数均显著增加（P〈0．05）;低氧12h训练组心肌细胞凋亡指数显著多于常氧训练组和低氧8h训练组（P〈0．05）。②与常氧组比较,其他各组Bcl-2、Bax、Bcl-2／Bax均显著性增高（P〈0．05）：常氧训练组Bcl-2、Bax、Bcl-2／Bax表达显著高于低氧8h组,显著低于低氧12h训练组（P〈0．05）;低氧12h训练组Bcl-2、Bax、Bcl-2／Bax表达比低氧12h组、低氧8h训练组显著增加（P〈0．05）。提示低氧、低氧训练可诱导大鼠心肌细胞Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达,运动时低氧刺激与细胞凋亡率、凋亡指数及病理损伤有关,其中以低氧12h后运动训练组最明显,心肌细胞的凋亡调控与Bcl-2和Bax相关。     

人参皂甙Rg3对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织Bax和B淋巴细胞瘤-2蛋白表达及肾细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)大鼠应用人参皂甙Rg3处理后肾组织Bax、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)蛋白表达变化及肾细胞凋亡情况。方法120只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为模型组、治疗组和对照组各40只。模型组、治疗组腹腔注射质量分数2%链尿佐菌素溶液制备DN模型,对照组腹腔注射等量生理盐水。造模成功后,治疗组将0.5 mg/kg人参皂甙Rg3与生理盐水混合溶液灌胃,模型组、对照组大鼠给予等量生理盐水灌胃,均1次/d,连续28 d。疗程结束后大鼠麻醉处死,取肾组织行病理检查,采用TUNEL法检测肾组织细胞凋亡,Western blot法检测肾组织Bax、Bcl-2蛋白相对表达量,实时荧光定量PCR法检测肾组织Bax mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA相对表达量。结果对照组大鼠肾组织系膜结构、肾小管均正常,小管膜完整光滑,间质未增生;模型组大鼠肾组织系膜结构异常,间质严重增生,肾小管萎缩严重,小管膜粗糙;与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠肾组织系膜细胞增生减轻,肾小管萎缩减少,纤维组织减少;模型组、治疗组、对照组大鼠肾细胞凋亡率[(0.91±0.23)%、(0.56±0.14)%、(0.21±0.03)%]依次降低(P<0.05);模型组、治疗组、对照组肾组织Bax蛋白相对表达量(1.79±0.31、2.73±0.24、3.26±0.12)、Bcl-2蛋白相对表达量(1.42±0.12、2.59±0.25、4.40±0.31)、Bax mRNA相对表达量(0.35±0.02、1.45±0.91、3.12±1.17)、Bcl-2 mRNA相对表达量(1.34±0.87、1.73±0.67、3.91±0.75)依次增高(P<0.05)。结论人参皂甙Rg3对DN大鼠有显著治疗作用,可明显改善大鼠肾组织形态,降低肾细胞凋亡率,上调Bax、Bcl-2表达。     

黄芪甲甙对Balb/C小鼠CVB3病毒性心肌炎心肌细胞凋亡及Bcl-2/Bax基因和蛋白表达的影响

[目的]探讨黄芪甲甙对Balb/C小鼠CVB3病毒性心肌炎心肌细胞凋亡及Bcl-2/Bax基因与蛋白表达的影响.[方法]Balb/C小鼠50只随机分5组（每组10只）,A组空白对照组：腹腔无菌注射不含病毒的Eagle＇s培养基0.1 mL,30 min后,以生理盐水0.1 mL灌胃,共7 d;B组病毒性心肌炎对照组：小鼠每只腹腔注射0.1 mL内含50%组织感染率（TCID50） 为1×10^5的CVB3病毒Eagle＇s培养基,30 min后,以生理盐水0.1 mL灌胃,共7 d;黄芪甲甙低、中、高剂量干预组（分别为C、D、E组）,在腹腔注射0.1 mL内含TCID50 为1×10^5的CVB3病毒Eagle＇s培养基,30 min后,用黄芪甲甙[具体剂量分别为0.07、0.2、0.6 mg/（kg·d）]0.1 mL灌胃,共7 d.采用缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）检测心肌凋亡细胞,免疫组织化学检测Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达,反转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测Bcl-2、Bax基因的表达,并利用图像分析系统测量平均光密度值进行半定量分析.[结果]与A组比较,B组心肌细胞凋亡发生率增高（0.57±0.16vs 0.06±0.02,P〈0.01）;抑制凋亡因子Bcl-2基因（0.52±0.12 vs 0.76±0.11,P〈0.01）及蛋白（6.08±1.15 vs 12.38±3.05, P 〈0.01）表达下降,而促进凋亡因子Bax基因（0.79±0.12 vs 0.61±0.14, P 〈0.01）及蛋白（6.21±1.52 vs 3.01±0.75, P 〈0.01）表达增强,Bcl-2/Bax mRNA比值降低（0.58±0.14vs0.87±0.12,P〈0.05）.与B组比较,E组CVB3病毒性心肌炎心肌细胞的凋亡指数（0.09±0.03vs 0.57±0.16,P〈0.05）降低,Bcl-2基因（0.74±0.12 vs 0.52±0.12,P〈0.05）及蛋白水平（11.82±2.96 vs 6.08±1.15, P 〈0.05）表达增强,Bax基因（0.63±0.13 vs 0.79±0.12,P〈0.05）及蛋白（3.15±0.72 vs 6.21±1.52,P〈0.05）水平表达下降.[结论]黄芪甲甙在Balb/C小鼠CVB3病毒性心肌炎中抗凋亡作用机制可能是促进抑制凋亡基因Bcl-2表达,而抑制促凋亡Bax基因表达.     

亚低温对大鼠局灶性脑缺血神经元细胞凋亡及调控基因Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响

目的研究不同时程的亚低温治疗对大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)模型的神经元细胞凋亡及Bcl-2,Bax基因表达的影响。方法健康雄性SD大鼠共40只,月龄两三个月。按抽签法随机分为5组,每组8只(n=8),分别为:假手术组(A)、对照组(B)、亚低温0.5h组(C)、亚低温1.0h组(D)、亚低温3.0h组(E)。采用Longa线栓法制作MCAO模型,缺血3.0h后再灌注。缺血后即刻分别进行不同时程(0.5,1.0,3.0h)的亚低温治疗,再灌注后24h断头取脑,连续切片作TUNEL染色及Bcl-2,Bax免疫组化染色。结果凋亡神经元细胞(TUNEL阳性细胞)主要见于梗死灶周围的纹状体及额顶部皮层。Bcl-2及Bax阳性细胞也主要见于梗死灶周围的纹状体及额顶部皮层,与该区凋亡细胞的集中分布相一致。与对照组的Bcl-2细胞阳性率相比,亚低温3.0h组增加犤(23.0±3.8)%,P<0.05)犦;与对照组的Bax细胞阳性率相比,亚低温1.0,3.0h组均降低犤分别为(45.9±4.1)%,(32.4±3.7)%,P<0.05,P<0.01犦;凋亡细胞阳性率与Bcl-2/Bax的比值呈负相关关系(r=-0.9759,P<0.01)。结论亚低温1.0h以上有抑制细胞凋亡作用;Bcl-2/Bax的比值能影响细胞凋亡的发生。     

利多卡因与神经生长因子预处理对沙土鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨利多卡因与神经生长因子(NGF)预处理对脑缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤神经细胞凋亡的影响.方法 将54只蒙古种沙土鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组(A组)、利多卡因对照组(L组)、NGF对照组(N组)、利多卡因预处理12、24、48 h组(L12、L24、L48组)和NGF预处理12、24、48 h组(N12、N24、N48组)9组,每组6只.除A组外,各组均夹闭双侧颈总动脉20 min后再松夹,造成I/R损伤模型.采用原位末端缺刻标记法(TUNEL)检测海马CAl区神经细胞凋亡数,采用免疫组化法检测海马CAl区Bcl-2、Bax表达的阳性细胞数.结果 利多卡因与NGF不同时间预处理组CAl区神经细胞凋亡数(个:L12组32.87±0.99,L24组31.90±4.14,L48组24.50±0.70;N12组32.80±1.27,N24组32.83±1.30,N48组23.30±0.86)和Bax阳性细胞数(个:L12组33.47±1.21,L24组33.70±1.20,L48组24.67±2.09;N12组32.17±2.21,N24组31.97±1.79,N48 h组23.27±1.20)均较相应对照组[细胞凋亡数(个):L组67.43±3.92,N组67.80±3.82;Bax阳性细胞数(个):L组59.73±1.32,N组59.37±1.54]显著减少,而Bcl-2阳性细胞数(个:L12组36.60±3.31,L24组34.73±1.82,L48组65.17±1.53;N12组35.70±1.18,N24组37.30±3.86,N48组62.77±2.91)则较相应对照组(个:L组24.53±1.48,N组25.43±1.85)显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);其中48 h组较12 h组和24 h组作用更显著;而两个预处理组间不同时间凋亡细胞、Bcl-2、Bax的表达比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 利多卡因与NGF预处理均可减轻脑I/R损伤引起的神经细胞凋亡,具有脑保护作用,以缺血前48 h预处理效果明显,机制可能与Bcl-2及Bax表达有关.     

人血管内皮生长因子165和人组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1基因过表达对心肌梗死大鼠的作用

目的探讨携带人血管内皮生长因子165(vascular endothelial growth factor 165, VEGF165)的重组腺病毒(Ad-hVEGF165)和携带人组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, TIMP-1)的重组腺病毒(Ad-hTIMP-1)对心肌梗死大鼠的作用及可能机制。方法健康雄性清洁级8周龄Wistar大鼠30只,采用随机数字表法随机分为5组,假手术组(Sham),空载病毒对照组(Ad-Track),Ad-hVEGF165组,Ad-hTIMP-1和双基因组(hVEGF165+hTIMP-1),每组6只。除Sham组外,各组大鼠均结扎冠状动脉左前降支建立心肌梗死模型,以心电图出现ST段弓背抬高,Q波或T波倒置,局部心肌变白为模型成功。分别在心肌梗死区域四点注射相应重组腺病毒病毒生理盐水稀释液100 μL(1×1010 VP/100 μL);Sham组未予任何处理。4周后实验动物完成超声心动图检测后处死取心脏组织。免疫组织化学检测大鼠心肌组织hVEGF165和hTIMP-1基因表达;实时荧光定量PCR检测各组大鼠心肌组织凋亡相关因子mRNA表达;免疫组织化学检测各组大鼠心肌组织凋亡相关因子蛋白表达。正态分布计量资料多组间均数比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果超声心动图检测结果显示:Ad-Track组心率(heart rate,HR)(480.83±24.09)次/min、左室舒张末径(left ventricular end-diastolic dimension,LVEDD)(6.88±0.44)mm、左室收缩末径(left ventricular end-systolic dimension,LVESD)(4.85±0.42)mm均较Sham组(433.16±17.86)次/min、(6.20±0.45)mm、(4.06±0.70),增加(P<0.05),左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)(62.70±3.17)、左室短轴缩短率(left ventricular fractional shortening,LVFS)(29.52±1.88)%均较Sham组(72.78±5.44)%、(37.20±4.71)%显著降低(P<0.01);hVEGF165-hTIMP-1组LVEF(71.50±6.23)%、LVFS(36.17±5.27)%均显著高于Ad-Track组(P<0.01),LVEDD(6.22±0.39)mm、LVESD(4.13±0.23)mm均低于Ad-Track组(P<0.05);hVEGF165-hTIMP-1组LVEF、LVFS均高于Ad-hVEGF165组(64.65±4.00)%、(30.95±2.57)%(P<0.05)。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示:hVEGF165-hTIMP-1组心肌组织Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)、Bal-xl/Bcl-2相关死亡促进因子(Bad)mRNA表达均较Ad-Track组降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)mRNA表达均较Ad-Track组升高(P<0.01);hVEGF165-hTIMP-1组心肌组织Bax、Caspase-3 mRNA表达较Ad-hVEGF165组降低(P<0.05)。hVEGF165-hTIMP-1组心肌组织Bax、Caspase-3、Bad、Bcl-2 mRNA表达与Sham组差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。免疫组织化学结果显示:hVEGF165-hTIMP-1组Bax和Caspase-3蛋白表达较Ad-hVEGF165组、Ad-hTIMP-1组及Ad-Track组显著降低(均P<0.01),Bcl-2蛋白表达较Ad-hVEGF165组、Ad-hTIMP-1组及Ad-Track组升高(均P<0.05)。与Sham组比较,hVEGF165-hTIMP-1组Bax、Caspase-3、Bcl-2蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论联合hVEGF165和hTIMP-1基因过表达可改善大鼠心肌梗死后心脏收缩功能,其机制可能与抑制心肌细胞凋亡相关,且hVEGF165和hTIMP-1联合可能具有协同作用。     

丹参素对缺氧/复氧诱导H9C2心肌细胞损伤和内质网应激的改善作用

目的观察丹参素(DLA)通过抑制内质网应激和凋亡对H9C2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧(H/R)后损伤的保护作用。方法将离体培养的H9C2心肌细胞随机分为3组:对照组、缺氧/复氧组(H/R组)、DLA+H/R组(DLA组)。H/R组先缺氧6h后复氧24h;DLA组于缺氧时给予DLA(10-6M)培养6h,再复氧24h。对照组心肌细胞正常培养至实验结束。ELISA测定细胞中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量;Western blot检测细胞中内质网应激蛋白葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、Caspase-12、Bax、Bcl-2和SOD的蛋白含量。结果与对照组比较,H/R组细胞LDH、CK-MB和MDA的含量显著升高(P<0.05),GRP78、Caspase-12和Bax蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.05),而Bcl-2和SOD的蛋白含量明显降低(P<0.05);给予DLA可明显改善上述指标的变化。结论H/R可诱导H9C2心肌细胞发生凋亡、氧化应激和内质网应激,引起细胞损伤和凋亡;DLA可以通过抑制凋亡、氧化应激和内质网应激,减少细胞损伤,发挥保护细胞的作用。     

黄芩素通过抗氧化及调节细胞内钙离子浓度抑制大鼠缺氧/复氧诱导的心肌细胞凋亡

背景:黄芩素对缺氧复氧损伤的心血管有保护作,但机制至今不清。目的:探讨中药黄芩素对心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤导致心肌细胞凋亡的保护作用机制。方法:体外培养大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞培养。实验分3组:正常对照组为正常培养的心肌细胞未做处理;缺氧/复氧组为应用缺氧/复氧方法诱导心肌细胞凋亡损伤;黄芩素预处理组为经黄芩素预处理30min后经缺氧/复氧诱导的心肌细胞。通过检测培养基上清液中乳酸脱氢酶活力检测细胞损伤程度及黄芩苷保护作用;应用原位末端标记细胞法标记细胞后,流式细胞检测心肌细胞凋亡率;应用免疫印迹方法检测心肌细胞凋亡蛋白Bax与抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的蛋白表达水平;应用Fura-2-AM负载心肌细胞,实时检测心肌细胞内Ca2+浓度变化。结果与结论:与正常对照组相比,缺氧/复氧组上清液乳酸脱氢酶活性、心肌细胞凋亡率、Bax蛋白含量、心肌细胞Ca2+浓度均增加(P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白含量降低(P<0.05)。与缺氧/复氧组相比,黄芩素预处理组乳酸脱氢酶含量、心肌细胞凋亡率、Bax蛋白含量及心肌细胞Ca2+浓度均降低(P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白含量增加(P<0.05)。证实黄芩素能抑制缺氧/复氧导致的心肌细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与抗氧化与调节心肌细胞内钙离子浓度有关     

Na+/H+交换器-1抑制诱导大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡的可能机制

背景肺动脉平滑肌细胞( pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells,PASMC)的增殖在缺氧肺动脉高压肺血管重构中起重要作用.解放军第三军医大学附属新桥医院全军呼吸研究所在前期实验中通过构建 Na+ /H+交换器- 1( sodium/proton exchanger isoform-1, Na+ /H+ exchanger isoform-1, Na+ /H+ antiporter isoform-1, NHE-1)特异性核酶基因逆转录病毒载体,转染入体外培养的大鼠 PASMC内表达,发现 NHE-1抑制可诱导细胞内酸化而抑制 PASMC增殖,并促进其凋亡.但这种促凋亡作用是通过什么途径来完成,尚不清楚.目的探讨 Bcl-2、 Bax蛋白表达在 NHE-1抑制而诱导大鼠 PASMC凋亡中的作用.设计分组对照实验.地点和材料实验在解放军第三军医大学附属新桥医院全军呼吸内科研究所完成.转染表达 NHE-1特异性核酶基因的体外培养大鼠 PASMC( PRZ细胞)、转染 PLXSN空载体的大鼠 PASMC( PX细胞)、未处理大鼠 PASMC细胞( PA细胞)为前期实验所制备.干预已构建 NHE-1特异性核酶基因逆转录病毒载体,转染入体外培养的大鼠 PASMC内表达,同时转染 pLXSN空载体入另一组大鼠 PASMC内,后者与未转染的大鼠 PASMC细胞为对照组.用荧光指示剂( Fura-2/AM)测定法检测转染 NHE-1特异性核酶基因的大鼠 PASMC内 Ca2+( [Ca2+ ]i)变化; RT-PCR方法检测细胞内 Bcl-2和 Bax mRNA表达变化,免疫组化法检测细胞内 Bcl-2和 Bax蛋白表达变化.主要观察指标①转染 NHE-1特异性核酶基因的大鼠 PASMC内 Ca2+( [Ca2+ ]i)变化.②细胞内 Bcl-2和 Bax mRNA表达变化.③细胞内 Bcl-2和 Bax蛋白表达变化.结果转染 NHE-1特异性核酶基因后,大鼠 PASMC内 [Ca2+ ]i显著升高,细胞内 [Ca2+ ]i在 PA细胞 [(95.94± 6.39) nmol/L]与 PX细胞 [(98.08± 7.37) nmol/L]之间差异无显著性意义( P 》0.05),而 PRZ细胞 [(198.08± 16.59) nmol/L]显著高于 PA细胞及 PX细胞 , 差异有显著性意义( P《 0.001).Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白表达显著降低( PA细胞、 PX细胞、 PRZ细胞的平均积分光密度分别为 2.21± 0.18, 2.09± 0.30, 1.45± 0.20), Bax mRNA和蛋白表达显著增加( PA细胞、 PX细胞、 PRZ细胞的 ABax/Aβ-actin分别为 0.17± 0.02, 0.23± 0.06, 0.59± 0.08).结论 NHE-1抑制诱导的 PASMC凋亡与 [Ca2+ ]i增加、 Bcl-2表达降低及 Bax表达增加有关.