肠扭转CT诊断一例报告

1临床资料患者,女,28岁,已婚已育。10年前自己偶然发现左下腹可扪及一肿块,质稍硬,触之无不适感,未进行任何处理。后肿块慢慢增大,时有腹痛;乡村诊所常以“肠炎、腹胀”处理,腹痛缓解。体检:左中下腹扪及一成人拳头大小包块,质硬,表面不甚光滑,无明显压痛,边界清楚,稍可推动。影像学表现:CT平扫示左中下腹腔见一边界清晰大小约12.3 cm×6.4 cm×10.0 cm的类圆形肿块,边缘欠规整,有包膜,其内密度不均匀,CT值约8~25 Hu。其平面以上左侧肠管见“漩涡征”(图1)。图1肠扭转CT图像手术中所见:回肠末段近肠管有一黄色包块,质硬,表面散在小结节,…     

小儿腹腔内血管肌纤维母细胞瘤1例

患儿男,1岁6个月,发现右上腹部肿块6天。查体:右上腹可扪及一巨大包块,边界清楚,质地中等。超声:右侧腹腔内见一巨大混合回声肿块,直径约10cm,内部回声不均匀,以低回声为主,内可见散在强回声及强回声光带;CDFI:混合性包块内可见较丰富的点条状彩色血流信号。CT:平扫于右侧腹腔内见一9cm×11cm×14cm的不规     

原发性膈肌滑膜肉瘤一例

患者男,62岁.咳嗽、咳痰1个月余,外院超声示左侧胸腔及腹腔实质性占位,入院拟行手术治疗.查体:一般情况良好.左中上腹触及巨大肿块影,质硬,较固定.CT表现(图1~3):左下胸腔及左上腹腔见大小约18.2 cm×19.8 cm×14.5 cm巨大不规则软组织影,边缘分叶,其内密度不均匀,增强后明显不均匀强化,囊变坏死区未见强化,胃明显受压右移,肿块部分边缘与周围组织分界不清,左侧胸膜腔见少量积液.     

降结肠巨大肠系膜囊肿1例

患儿男,5岁,因"腹部肿大4月余"入院.既往体健.4个月前无明显诱因发现腹部肿大,无发热、腹痛及恶心、呕吐.查体:腹部膨隆,呈蛙状腹,未见肠型,触诊有波动感,无腹膜刺激征.实验室检查(-).CT平扫见腹腔内巨大囊性密度肿块,密度均匀,CT值13.6 HU,边缘光滑清楚,大小约7.83 cm×18.21 cm×23.24 cm,向下长入盆腔,肠管受压向右后移位,腹膜后未见肿大淋巴结(图1).CT诊断:腹腔内巨大囊性肿块,考虑源于肠系膜囊肿.手术见囊肿约20 cm×23 cm大小,壁薄、单发,位于降结肠肠系膜内,余无异常.术后诊断:降结肠肠系膜囊肿.病理诊断:肠系膜单纯性囊肿(图2).     

膀胱孤立性纤维性肿瘤1例

正患者男性,49岁。因尿频、尿急2年入院。查体:下腹部触及质硬包块,活动度欠佳。实验室检查未见异常。CT示膀胱内后下方见一类圆形软组织肿块影,大小14.5 cm×10.7 cm,增强扫描病灶呈明显不均匀强化,CT值约58-88HU;排泄期扫描膀胱内见巨大充盈缺损。MR示膀胱体积明显增大,膀胱壁厚薄不均匀,其后壁见巨大实性结节(图     

腹部多发韧带样型纤维瘤病1例

正患者女,43岁,发现腹部包块20天,腹痛半天,3年前曾接受剖宫产术。查体:下腹压痛,右下腹肌紧张及反跳痛,右下腹可触及包块,质硬,活动度差。实验室检查:外周血白细胞11.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.92。CT平扫示右下腹腔及右下腹直肌区分别见10.20cm×11.92cm×10.53cm及6.11cm×3.72cm×6.74cm肿块,边界清楚,密度较均匀,CT值分别约21HU和35HU,同层腹肌平扫CT值约50HU;右下腹腔肿     

腹腔内骨外骨肉瘤1例

患者,男,54岁。体检时超声发现腹腔占位病灶就诊。查体:右中上腹部可触及一大小约16cm×17cm的肿块,质硬,无压痛,无波动感。CT平扫示右中腹部肝肾间隙内见一大小约10.5cm×11.4cm的不均匀密度软组织肿块,形态不规则,内部及边缘可见不规则斑片状及索条状钙化影,肿块周边脂肪密度     

腹壁软组织颗粒细胞瘤超声表现1例

患者女,31岁.1个月前无明显诱因无意中触及右上腹部有一肿物,无疼痛、发热等不适.1个月来自觉有所增大而来我院就诊.查体:腹平坦,未见胃肠型及蠕动波,右肋下腹壁可扪及大小约3 cm×3cm肿块,质硬,表面光滑,活动性好,有轻微触痛.超声检查:右上腹皮下肌肉间见一极低回声肿物(图1),内部回声均匀,无包膜,边界欠清晰,后方回声增强,CDFI显示其内部未见明显血流信号.超声提示:右上腹壁实性占位(性质待定).20 d后手术所见:右侧腹外斜肌内肿瘤大小约2 cm×2 cm,边界清楚,与周围肌肉组织有粘连,行肿瘤及周围部分肌肉组织整块切除.术中病理组织诊断:颗粒细胞瘤.     

原发性下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤1例

患者男,66岁,右上腹部阵发性疼痛1年,伴有腰部放射痛.查体:右上腹轻度压痛,无肌紧张及反跳痛,未触及包块,腹部移动性浊音阴性,无腹壁静脉曲张,无下肢肿胀.实验室检查未见明显异常.CT:平扫约平肾门水平下腔静脉及其周围见团块样软组织密度影,约7.8 cm×6.2 cm×10.3 cm,CT值29～40 HU,与下腔静脉、十二指肠水平段及邻近腹主动脉分界欠清(图1A);增强扫描见下腔静脉限局性增粗,长约8.6 cm,局部可见7.5cm×5.6 cm软组织密度肿块影向腔内及腔外生长,实质明显不均匀强化,液化坏死部分末见强化;病变包绕部分腹主动脉,与右肾、右肾动脉、右侧输尿管、右侧腰大肌分界清楚,与十二指肠水平段紧邻(图1B、C),其远侧下腔静脉对比剂充盈欠佳.诊断为下腔静脉恶性肿瘤,行下腔静脉肿瘤切除+右侧肾脏切除术.术后病理诊断:下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤(图2).免疫组化:Des(+),Ki-67(20十),SMA(+),Caldesmon(+),CD117(-).     

超声诊断新生儿腹膜后寄生胎1例

患儿男,28天,发现腹腔占位3月余;孕22周时产前常规超声检查发现胎儿腹腔内囊实性肿块,考虑良性畸胎瘤。入院后查体:体温37℃,呼吸频率22次/分钟,心率89次/分钟,神志清,反应一般,自主体位,全身浅表淋巴结未扪及;腹膨隆,腹壁静脉显露,右中上腹可触及约9.0 cm×8.0 cm×7.0 cm质硬包块,活动度可。超声检查:于右中上腹肝脏后下方探及约8.7 cm×6.9 cm×6.6 cm混合回声肿块,包膜完整,包膜内侧缘环绕无回声区,中央见约7.4 cm×6.8 cm×6.0 cm不规则实性部分;肿块回声不均质,内可见排列整齐的脊椎体骨化强回声(图1A)、双下肢骨化强回声(图1B)及双侧趾骨强回声,2支类股骨长约2.87 cm;CDFI示肿块内条状血流信号与门静脉及肝动脉血流信号相通;超声提示:右上腹寄生胎。行腹膜后寄生胎切除术,术中于肝下方、小网膜后见约9.0 cm×8.0 cm×7.0 cm淡黄色肿瘤,包膜完整,门静脉及胆总管紧贴肿瘤表面,门静脉直径约0.5 cm,胆总管扩张,直径约0.5 cm,肿瘤供血血管为发自主动脉的细小动脉,直径0.1 cm,肿瘤血液回流入门静脉,回流静脉直径约0.2 cm。术后大体病理示畸胎样肿物约7.0 cm×6.0 cm×5.0 cm,可见双下肢、左上肢、口鼻轮廓及脊柱轮廓(图1C),头部为8.5 cm×4.5 cm×0.1 cm囊状结构,内外壁光滑;镜下示寄生胎外鳞状上皮纤维囊,内见骨、脂肪、呼吸道及神经上皮组织(图1D)。病理诊断:(腹膜后)寄生胎/小胎性畸胎瘤(WHO 0级)。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.