奥曲肽治疗胰腺假性囊肿

胰腺假性囊肿是慢性胰腺炎常见的合并症,常引起持续性腹部疼痛,需要积极治疗以减轻疼痛及预防其它合并症。传统治疗方法是手术或超声、内镜引导下引流,因此有一定危险性。囊肿主要成分是胰液,奥曲肽可抑制胰液分泌,据此作者试用奥曲肽治疗胰腺假性囊肿。方法与结果:本组7例慢性胰腺炎合并假性囊肿     

超声内镜引导下胰腺假性囊肿引流

胰腺假性囊肿(pancreatic pseudocyst)是常见的胰腺囊性损害，可由急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎、胰腺创伤、胰管阻塞等引起。可位于胰腺内或胰腺邻近，为限局化的富含胰酶的液体积聚，由非上皮性的囊壁包绕。目前，胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方法至少有三种：经皮穿刺引流术、外科手术治疗、内镜下引流术。     

超声引导下早期胰腺假性囊肿的介入治疗价值

胰腺假性囊肿(pancreatic pseudocyst,PPC)是胰腺炎、胰腺外伤及手术常见的并发症,早期PPC指病程≤6周的囊肿,囊壁没有成熟[1]。以往认为PPC须在6周后等待囊肿壁成熟,才能在超声、CT引导下进行囊肿穿刺术,或内镜下囊肿穿刺内引流术。我院对37例早期PPC患者采用超声引导下穿刺抽     

胰腺假性囊肿介入性超声治疗观察

胰腺假性囊肿介入性超声治疗观察王天①１资料与方法本组胰腺假性囊肿１２例，男５例，女７例；年龄４２～５２岁，平均４３．２岁。急性胰腺炎亚急性期５例，慢性胰腺炎５例，胆系术后发生２例。１２例均为单发囊肿，位于胰头部３例，体尾部９例；囊肿呈圆形、椭圆形或...     

产前超声诊断胎儿侧脑室周围假性囊肿

目的 评价产前二维超声对胎儿侧脑室周围假性囊肿的诊断价值。 方法 对产前超声发现的7胎胎儿双侧侧脑室周围假性囊肿进行回顾分析。 结果 7胎双侧侧脑室周围假性囊肿均于中晚孕期由超声检出,其中4胎接受产前MR检查。7胎共同声像图特征为双侧侧脑室前角旁区域可见囊肿,其中2胎伴有侧脑室轻度增宽。2胎孕妇终止妊娠,5胎出生后新生儿外观正常,随访至出生后1~3个月未发现神经系统异常表现。 结论 产前超声可以基于特征性声像图表现对胎儿侧脑室周围假性囊肿进行诊断和鉴别诊断。孤立性侧脑室周围假性囊肿预后良好,不影响神经系统发育。     

胰腺假性囊肿超声内镜下经胃穿刺内引流1例的护理

胰腺假性囊肿是常见的胰腺囊性损害，由急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎、胰腺创伤、胰管阻塞等引起，为局限化富含胰酶的液体积聚，有完整的非上皮性包膜包裹。胰腺假性囊肿在急性胰腺炎中发生率为7％～15％，在慢性胰腺炎中为25％。     

超声引导经皮硬化和引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿

超声引导经皮硬化和引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿吕国荣，李新丰，王静意，黄好基报道８例超声引导经皮抽液、四环素或／和无水酒精硬化及置管引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿的成功经验，旨在探讨其临床应用价值．本组８例为外伤性或胰腺炎后并发胰腺假性囊肿，近期超声随访含液性病变进行...     

超声内镜引导下经胃行胰腺假性囊肿引流术的护理

胰腺假性囊肿在急性胰腺炎中发生率为7%~15%,在慢性胰腺炎中为25%,是常见的胰腺囊性损害,由急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎、胰腺创伤、胰管阻塞等引起[1-2]。持续存在的胰腺假性囊肿可致感染、脓肿形成、侵蚀周边血管引起出血、破入邻近脏器或消化道、     

介入性超声治疗胰腺假性囊肿的探讨

目的：探讨介入性超声在胰腺假性囊肿治疗中的应用价值。方法：在声像图实时监视下,对26例不同的胰腺假性囊肿进行穿刺抽液或置管引流治疗。结果：外伤性胰腺假性囊肿治愈率100％,胰腺炎并发假性囊肿治愈率76．5％,治疗效果与囊肿有无进行性增大相关。结论：介入性超声是胰腺假性囊肿的有效治疗方法。     

超声诊断假性胰腺囊肿96例长期观察的效果

目的 观察旧性胰腺囊肿形成的原因，发生部位、大小及自然消失的时间。方法 用彩色超声长期观察96例假性晴腺囊肿的表现及变化，井结合临床进行分析。结果 发生原因：急性胰腺炎50%，慢性胰腺炎24％，外伤18%，手术8％。部位：胰头部28%，体尾部69%，右下腹2%，阴囊1％。急性假性胰腺囊肿6周内自然消失率21%。结论 超声定期观察假性胰腺囊肿，对其形成、发展，消失具有重要的临床意义及应用价值。     

Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts.

Pancreatic pseudocysts occur as a consequence of acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, or pancreatic trauma. Pseudocysts that are symptomatic, complicated, or enlarging with time can be treated surgically, via percutaneous drainage, or by endoscopic methods. Currently, there are two endoscopic approaches for managing pancreatic pseudocysts: transpapillary and transmural. Endoscopy nurses play an important role in the care of patients before, during, and after an endoscopic drainage procedure. This article reviews the indications, techniques, potential complications, limitations, and nursing care involved in endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts.     

Treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts, pancreatic necrosis, and pancreatic duct leaks

Pancreatic pseudocysts arise as a complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic trauma (including postsurgical). Pancreatic necrosis occurs following severe pancreatitis and may evolve into an entity termed organized pancreatic necrosis that is endoscopically treatable. Pancreatic duct leaks are frequently seen in relation to pseudocysts and necrosis. Alternatively, pancreatic duct leaks may present with pleural effusions, ascites, or after pancreatic surgery or percutaneous drainage. Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic fluid collections and pancreatic duct leaks can be achieved using transpapillary and/or transmural stent placement.     

Psoas muscle pancreatic pseudocyst: CT-US diagnosis and percutaneous drainage

We present 2 cases of psoas muscle pancreatic pseudocysts. In both cases there was no clinical or laboratory evidence of recent acute pancreatitis. The route of extension for the pseudocyst from the pancreas to the psoas was the perirenal space. In both cases the diagnosis was made on the basis of imaging studies and the pseudocysts resolved with percutaneous drainage only.     

Autoimmune pancreatitis with pancreatic calculi and pseudocyst: a case report

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a unique form of pancreatitis often associated with infiltration of immunoglobulin G4-positive cells, a swollen pancreas, and diffuse narrowing of the pancreatic ducts. Unlike acute pancreatitis, AIP is rarely complicated with pseudocysts. Pancreatic calculi, a feature of ordinary chronic pancreatitis, are unusual during short-term follow-up in patients with AIP. We herein describe a 46-year-old man who initially presented with a submucosal tumor of the stomach. The patient was finally diagnosed with AIP accompanied by a pancreatic tail pseudocyst located in the gastric wall and pancreatic calculi by endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration. He underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, pancreatic duct stent placement, and steroid treatment and achieved good clinical and laboratory responses. Although AIP is a common autoimmune disease that responds well to steroids, pseudocysts and pancreatic calculi are rare manifestations of AIP and should be given special attention, especially in patients with disease relapse.     

The syndromes of pancreatic pseudocysts and fluid collections

The clinical and radiologic spectrum of pseudocysts associated with alcohol-induced pancreatitis is wide and variable. Several illustrative cases which delineate the diversity of syndromes that occur with pseudocysts are presented. A classification is proposed to facilitate a more coherent approach to the concept of pseudocysts and is based on the clinical presentation. Thus, in acute pancreatitisduct disruption and enzyme activation may result in intrapancreatic or extrapancreatic fluid collections. In calcifying chronic pancreatitisduct obstruction may result in pseudocysts of the head, body, or tail of the pancreas, which can enlarge and penetrate into extrapancreatic sites. This subdivision will assist in elucidating the natural history of pseudocysts and pancreatic fluid collections. Furthermore, it may establish new guidelines for diagnosis and therapy.     

Clinical course of alcoholic pancreatitis

AIM: To study a natural course of alcoholic pancreatitis (AP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Follow-up clinical, laboratory and radiation examinations were made of 170 patients with alcoholic pancreatitis. Exocrine secretion of the pancreas was assessed by secretin-pancreozymin test. Morphological signs of pancreatitis were studied in patients who had died of pancreatic cancer. RESULTS: In 24% of patients AP manifested with acute attack. In 76% it was preceded with weak clinical symptoms. AP ran was complicated with pseudotumorous pancreatitis, calcinosis and pancreatic pseudocysts. Pancreatic secretion was suppressed in 87% patients though clinically it was evident only in 12% cases. Autopsy cases of pancreatic cancer carried morphological markers of chronic pancreatitis. CONCLUSION: Various clinical forms of AP represent stages of its development: early symptoms, recurrences, complications and decompensated failure of the pancreatic function. The presence of pancreatitis in patients with pancreatic cancer causes difficulties in differential diagnosis between these diseases.     

Percutaneous drainage for treatment of infected pancreatic pseudocysts

BACKGROUND: Infection of pancreatic pseudocysts is a potentially fatal complication that must be treated immediately. Despite numerous published reports about percutaneous treatment, the effectiveness of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) of infected pancreatic pseudocysts is still under discussion. METHODS: In this study, 30 patients (17 women) with 30 infected pancreatic pseudocysts were administered local anesthesia and underwent PCD performed with the use of a single-step trocar technique with computed tomographic guidance. The patients' ages varied from 27 to 74 years (mean age, 45 yr). The etiology was acute pancreatitis in 18 patients, chronic pancreatitis in 11 patients, and surgical trauma in 1 patient. RESULTS: No complications related to the procedure occurred in our series. The success rate was 96% (29 of 30 patients), with no recurrence during follow-up, which ranged from 2 to 58 months (mean follow-up, 27.2 mo). One patient had unsuccessful PCD and was subsequently treated surgically. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that PCD is a safe and effective front-line treatment for patients with infected pancreatic pseudocysts.     

Measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient in intraductal mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas by diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether diffusion-weighted echo-planar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can help differentiate intraductal mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas from other cystic lesions. METHODS: Diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging was performed in patients with mucin-producing tumors (n = 19), pseudocysts (n = 9), chronic pancreatitis with diffuse main pancreatic dilatation (n = 5), and serous cystadenomas (n = 2). Images were obtained with diffusion sensitizing gradients of 30, 300, and 900 s/mm2. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated. RESULTS: The mean (+/- standard deviation) ADCs of mucin-producing tumors (2.8 x 10(-3) mm2/s +/- 1.0 x 10(-3)), pseudocysts (2.9 x 10(-3) mm2/s +/- 1.2 x 10(-3)), dilated main pancreatic duct in chronic pancreatitis (3.3 x 10(-3) mm2/s +/- 1.2 x 10(-3)), serous cystadenomas (2.9 x 10(-3) and 2.6 x 10(-3) mm2/s), and cerebrospinal fluid (3.5 x 10A(-3) mm2/s +/- 1.1 x 10(-3)) were not statistically different. CONCLUSION: It is difficult to differentiate between mucin-producing tumors and other cystic lesions by ADC measurements when using diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging.     

MR imaging of the pancreas

MR imaging is a valuable tool in the assessment of the full spectrum of pancreatic diseases. MR imaging techniques are sensitive for the evaluation of pancreatic disorders in the following settings: (1) TI-weighted fat-suppressed and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced SGE imaging for the detection of chronic pancreatitis, ductal adeno-carcinoma, and islet-cell tumors; (2) T2-weighted fat-suppressed imaging and T2-weighted breath-hold imaging for the detection of islet-cell tumors;and (3) precontrast breath-hold SGE imaging for the detection of acute pancreatitis. Relatively specific morphologic and signal intensity features permit characterization of acute pancreatitis,chronic pancreatitis, ductal adenocarcinoma, insulinoma, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, microcystic cystadenoma, macrocystic cystadenoma, and solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm. MR imaging is effective as a problem-solving modality because it distinguishes chronic pancreatitis from normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis with focal enlargement from pancreatic cancer in the majority of cases.MR imaging studies should be considered in the following settings: (1) in patients with elevated serum creatinine, allergy to iodine contrast, or other contraindications for iodine contrast administration; (2) in patients with prior CT imaging who have focal enlargement of the pancreas with no definable mass; (3) in patients in whom clinical history is worrisome for malignancy and in whom findings on CT imaging are equivocal or difficult to interpret; and (4) in situations requiring distinction between chronic pancreatitis with focal enlargement and pancreatic cancer. Patients with biochemical evidence of islet-cell tumors should be examined by MR imaging as the first-line imaging modality because of the high sensitivity of MR imaging for detecting the presence of islet-cell tumors and determining the presence of metastatic disease.     

Therapeutic pancreatic endoscopy

The role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the management of pancreatic diseases is continuing to evolve. This article reviews recent publications spanning a wide range of topics related to therapeutic pancreatic endoscopy: Over the last 12 months, several case series have added to the literature on the short-term and long-term effectiveness of endoscopic therapy of pseudocysts, pancreatic abscesses and fistulas. Identification of a communication between pancreatic duct and a pseudocyst has been suggested to predict response to percutaneous drainage. The importance of identifying pancreatic leaks in patients with severe pancreatitis has been stressed. In addition, endotherapy has been reported to be effective in patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopic removal of pancreatic stones after extracorporeal lithotripsy has been shown to result in long-term improvement in clinical outcomes in patients with chronic calcific pancreatitis. Other interesting publications addressed new techniques and tricks to achieve access to the difficult pancreatic duct. Finally, no review of pancreatic endotherapy would be complete without a reminder--as recently stated by a National Institutes of Health consensus panel--that there is considerable need for higher-quality and controlled trials in this and other areas of interventional endoscopy.