南京地区铜绿假单胞菌的整合子流行性调查

目的调查南京地区铜绿假单胞菌的整合子流行情况,并分析整合子与铜绿假单胞菌耐药的相关性。方法收集98株南京地区临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌,K-B法测定其药敏情况,简并引物PCR法扩增整合子的整合酶基因,对阳性PCR产物采用HinfⅠ内切酶作限制片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析进行整合子分类。结果98株铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林等14种抗菌药的耐药率从14.3%到82.7%。40.8%(40/98)的铜绿假单胞菌中检出整合子;PCR-RFLP结果显示均为Ⅰ类整合子,未检出Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类整合子。结论Ⅰ类整合子较广泛地存在于南京地区铜绿假单胞菌中;整合子与铜绿假单胞菌的耐药和多重耐药具有相关性。     

铜绿假单胞菌整合子分布及基因盒携带情况分析

目的 了解烟台地区临床分离铜绿假单胞菌整合子的分布及耐药基因盒携带情况,探讨整合子与菌株耐药的相关性.方法 菌株鉴定及药敏试验采用VITEK 2全自动细菌分析仪.整合子及可变区检测采用PCR法,并采用限制性片段长度多态性分析和测序分析进一步确定可变区耐药基因盒类型.结果 在100株铜绿假单胞菌中38株(38%)检出Ⅰ类整合子,未检出Ⅱ、Ⅲ类整合子.Ⅰ类整合子常见基因盒类型为aac(6′)Ⅱ-aadA13-clmA8-oxA10a和aac(6′)Ⅱ-aadA13-oxA10a,其中aac(6′)Ⅱ-aadA13-oxA10a基因盒为首次出现的新基因盒排列方式,并已登录Genbank:JN118546.结论 烟台地区铜绿假单胞菌整合子类型分布为Ⅰ类整合子,整合子携带菌株与铜绿假单胞菌耐药密切相关.     

天津地区耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌整合子的检测及其耐药机制研究

目的 调查天津地区临床分离的耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌(imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa,IRPA)的整合子流行情况,探讨耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌的耐药机制.方法 收集天津地区60株临床分离的耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌,检测其耐药情况.应用PCR限制片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)初筛整合子并分型,用PCR扩增整合子的可变区并测序.结果 60株耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌中有11株检出整合子(18.3%);PCR-RFLP结果显示均为Ⅰ类整合子,未检出Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类整合子.IRPA对多数药物均有较高的耐药率.结论 Ⅰ类整合子为天津地区耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌携带的主要类型,整合子中包括多种耐药基因.     

广东地区医院分离铜绿假单胞菌整合子及其携带耐药基因的研究

目的研究广东地区医院分离铜绿假单胞菌整合子携带现状及其耐药基因与菌株耐药的关系。方法采用基因扩增法,对广东省5所医院临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌三类整合子及耐药基因进行了检测,并检测阳性菌株整合子可变区。结果在30株铜绿假单胞菌中检出23株携带Ⅰ类整合子,有7株携带Ⅱ类整合子,有1株携带Ⅲ类整合子的基因。随机选取三类整合子携带菌各1株进行测序及序列分析,Ⅰ类整合子得到aac-3+aad2的组合形式;Ⅱ类整合子得到CmlA耐药基因盒;Ⅲ类整合子得到bla-MAP耐药基因盒。结论广东地区医院分离铜绿假单胞菌Ⅰ类整合子的检出率最高,检出1株携带Ⅲ类整合子基因。     

多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌整合子中发现2种新基因盒组合形式

目的研究多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌携带整合子的类型及耐药基因组合。方法 PCR检测多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌整合酶基因intI 1、intI 2、intI 3,Ⅰ类整合子恒定区基因qacEΔ1-sul1及可变区基因,扩增产物经胶回收、限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析及基因测序分析。结果 30株临床分离铜绿假单胞菌中16株(53.3%)Ⅰ类整合酶基因及恒定区qacEΔ1-sul1基因扩增阳性,未检出Ⅱ、Ⅲ类整合酶基因。Ⅰ类整合子可变区共检出5种不同的耐药基因组合形式,含有对氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类和喹诺酮类抗菌药耐药的基因,其中有2种为新型基因盒组合形式,包括aacA4-VIM2和aadA2-OXA10-aacA4-blaIMP-9-aatI1,GenBank登录号分别为GQ890658和GU122165,另外3种与GenBank登录号分别为FJ917747、FJ817423、GU367339的序列基本吻合。结论多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌携带的整合子主要为Ⅰ类整合子,在Ⅰ类整合子上首次发现2种新型基因盒组合形式。     

1株携带新型耐药基因盒Ⅰ类整合子的铜绿假单胞菌分析

目的对1株临床分离的多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌进行基因盒整合子分析。方法利用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)对整合子进行检测及分型,用长片段PCR(Long-PCR)扩增整合子的可变区并进行DNA测序,分析整合子可变区含有的耐药基因。结果该株铜绿假单胞菌PA27携带Ⅰ类整合子,其可变区大小为3.0kb,含有编码对氨基糖苷类、氯霉素和β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药的基因,经与gene bank数据库进行同源性分析(BLAST),确定为一种新型基因盒组合形式:aac(6′)-Ⅱ—cmlA8—OXA-10,gene bank登录号为EU708817。结论本菌株携带新型基因盒组合形式的Ⅰ类整合子为天津地区首次报道。     

携带新型耐药基因盒组合形式Ⅰ类整合子的铜绿假单胞菌耐药特性分析

目的分析1株临床分离携有多重耐药基因盒整合子的铜绿假单胞菌的耐药特性。方法应用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）对整合子进行检测及分型，用长片段PCR（Long—PCR）扩增整合子的可变区并进行DNA测序，分析整合子可变区含有的耐药基因。同时应用PCR扩增金属酶基因和oprD2基因。结果该株铜绿假单胞菌PA27携带Ⅰ类整合子，其可变区大小为3.0kb，含有编码对氨基糖苷类、氯霉素和β内酰胺类抗生素耐药的基因，经与GenBank数据库进行同源性分析（BLAST），确定为一种新型基因盒组合形式：aac（6’）-Ⅱ-cm1A8-OXA-10，GenBank登录号为EU708817。oprD2基因检测阳性，未检出IMP-1、VIM-2和IMP-2型金属酶基因。结论该地区首次报道携带新型基因盒组合形式的Ⅰ类整合子的铜绿假单胞菌，并携有多重耐药基因，应引起临床高度重视。     

耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌整合子的鉴定与分析

目的 鉴定并分析耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌(IRPa)中整合子及其携带耐药基因盒的特点。 方法 收集2003～2007年临床分离IRPa共74株,用PCR-RFLP筛查携带整合酶的菌株,并对整合子进行分类。整合酶阳性菌株用普通PCR扩增检测整合子的qacE△1sul1基因、整合子可变区及膜微孔蛋白基因oprD2,并对整合子可变区扩增产物测序分析。 结果 74株菌中有16株菌（21.6%）携带整合酶基因,均为Ⅰ类整合子;有14株检出整合子可变区,经测序共得到7种整合子耐药基因盒的组合形式,其中有4种为首次发现,在GenBank上的登录号分别为FJ917747、FJ817422、FJ655384和FJ817423;另携带IMP-9基因2株。16株IRPa中有8株oprD2基因检测为阳性,其余为阴性。 结论 在本地区临床分离的IRPa中,仅2株菌的Ⅰ类整合子中携带的IMP-9与亚胺培南的耐药有关,其他菌株的整合子中携带的基因盒主要是介导对氨基糖苷类与β内酰胺类抗生素的耐药。金属酶的产生并不是其对亚胺培南耐药的主要原因。     

检出3株携带新型基因盒组合形式Ⅰ类整合子的铜绿假单胞菌

目的 研究整合子介导铜绿假单胞菌耐药及多重耐药的机制。方法 整合子PCR法扩增整合子的可变区;联合限制性片段长度多态性分析（RFLP）和DNA测序技术分析整合子可变区的耐药基因。结果 98株南京地区铜绿假单胞菌中有35株（35．7％）整合子可变区扩增阳性,扩增片段大小1．0-4．0kb。共检出6种不同的可变区,含有编码对氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类和磺胺类抗菌药耐药的基因,其中有3例为新型基因盒组合形式,包括aadA6-orfD、aadB-blaP1和aadB-aac（6′）-Ⅱa-blaCARB-8,Genbank基因号分别为DQ 091179、DQ 141316和DQ 288251。结论 整合子参与了铜绿假单胞菌的耐药和多重耐药,主要携带氨基糖苷类耐药基因,首次报道了3种携带新型基因盒组合形式的Ⅰ类整合子。     

耐碳青霉烯铜绿假单胞菌耐药机制和传播机制研究

目的阐明南方医科大学南方医院耐碳青霉烯铜绿假单胞菌的耐药机制和传播机制。方法采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)-限制性核酸片段长度多态性分析分型和测序技术对临床分离的59株耐碳青霉烯铜绿假单胞菌进行整合子Ⅰ、插入序列共同区(ISCR1)和常见碳青霉烯酶基因研究,采用肠杆菌科间重复一致性序列(ERIC)-PCR技术研究传播机制。结果 59株菌株中20株(34%)整合子Ⅰ阳性,17株(29%)整合子Ⅰ可变区阳性;9株(15%)ISCR1阳性,5株(8%)ISCR1可变区阳性且均携带qnrA1和ampR耐药基因盒。1株检出复杂性整合子Ⅰ,3株检出VIM-2基因,2株检出IMP-1基因。ERIC-PCR聚类分析在80%相似水平上聚为52个类群。结论整合子Ⅰ、ISCR1和碳青霉烯酶在铜绿假单胞菌介导多重耐药方面有重要作用,ERIC-PCR是进行铜绿假单胞菌同源性分析的有效方法。     

Ⅰ类整合子在多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌中的分布与结构分析

目的 了解分离于镇江地区的铜绿假单胞菌对13种常用抗生素的耐药率;明确Ⅰ类整合子基因盒结构及其在耐药基因播散中的作用.方法 采用K-B纸片法检测71株铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率;煮沸法提取71株铜绿假单胞菌基因组DNA;PCR扩增Ⅰ类整合子基因,并通过测序分析其所携带耐药基因盒.结果 71株铜绿假单胞菌对临床常用的13种抗生素的耐药率在18.3%～77.5%不等;Ⅰ类整合子检出率为38%,包括aadB、aac(6')-Ⅱ、PSE-Ⅰ、dfrA17和aadA5 5种基因盒,其中最常见者为dfrA17和aadA5.Ⅰ类整合子阳性菌株对哌拉西林、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢曲松、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、庆大霉素、阿米卡星、妥布霉素、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星等10种抗生素的耐药率明显高于整合子阴性菌株.结论 不同铜绿假单胞菌临床株对13种常用抗生素的耐药率各不相同,整合子阳性菌株耐药率明显高于整合子阴性菌株,提示Ⅰ类整合子是铜绿假单胞菌多重耐药的重要因素.     

临床大肠埃希菌第Ⅰ类整合子检测及耐药基因盒分析

目的对来自临床腹泻患者大肠埃希菌的第Ⅰ类整合子分布及其耐药基因盒的结构特征进行分析。方法应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法检测第Ⅰ类整合酶基因intⅠ阳性菌株，并对其整合的耐药基因进行测序及序列分析。结果在40株大肠埃希菌中有28株（70％）第Ⅰ类整合酶基因阳性。耐药基因盒扩增结果，13株菌得到1664bp的扩增产物，10株得到1586bp的产物，3株得到1009bp的产物，2株得到1009bp和1586bp两种不同产物。序列分析结果表明，1664bp携带aadA5和dfr17，1586bp携带aadA1和dhfrⅠ，均为对氨基糖苷类抗生素壮观霉素、链霉素和磺胺类药物甲氧苄氨嘧啶产生耐药的基因盒；1009bp为aadA23b，为对氨基糖苷类抗生素壮观霉素、链霉素产生耐药的基因盒。结论测出的28株第Ⅰ类整合子阳性菌株携带耐氨基糖苷类抗生素的基因，应从基因水平上对细菌耐药及其传播进行监测。     

导致氨基糖苷类药物双圈耐药型鲍曼不动杆菌的相关携带基因研究

目的 探讨在K-B法药物敏感试验中对氨基糖苷类抗菌药物双圈耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌耐药基因携带状况及药物诱导对耐药基因mRNA表达量的影响.方法 收集42株携带Ⅰ类整合子酶基因的鲍曼不动杆菌;PCR法扩增其整合子可变区;联合RFLP和DNA测序技术分析可变区耐药基因;用RT-PCR的方法分析药物诱导前后细菌耐药基因表达量.结...     

Molecular characteristics of class 1 and class 2 integrons and their relationships to antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the gene cassettes and determine the roles of class 1 and class 2 integrons in antibiotic-resistant strains of Shigella sonnei (n=31) and Shigella flexneri (n=33). METHODS: Various molecular techniques, including PCR and Southern-blotting analysis, were used to analyse various markers of class 1 and class 2 integrons in these 64 S. sonnei and S. flexneri isolates collected in Hangzhou, China. The gene cassette arrays in integrons were identified by DNA sequencing and/or restriction fragment length polymorphism. Two genomic DNA fragments, one containing intI1 from a S. flexneri isolate that contains intI1 but lacks 3'-conserved region and another containing intI2 from a S. sonnei isolate, were cloned into pUC19 vectors and sequenced. The links between integron gene cassette arrays and antibiotic resistance were analysed. RESULTS: Class 2 integrons were present in 80.6% (25/31) of the S. sonnei isolates and 87.9% (29/33) of the S. flexneri isolates. All of these integron 2-positive isolates contained constant gene cassette arrays of dfrA1+sat1+aadA1 which confer resistance to trimethoprim and streptomycin. It was demonstrated that the class 2 integron was located in the Tn7 region inside the attTn7 locus downstream of glmS in Shigella. Class 1 integrons were found in 9.4% (6/64) of Shigella spp. isolates. An atypical class 1 integron without a 3'-conserved segment on the Shigella chromosome, termed Shigella atypical class 1 integron (SAI), was present in 84.9% (28/33) of S. flexneri isolates. The SAI contained two gene cassettes, bla(OXA30) and aadA1; however, the SAI conferred resistance to ampicillin, but not to streptomycin, in Escherichia coli host. The bla(OXA30) and aadA1 cassettes of the SAI seemed to be always coordinately excised or integrated. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple and complex mechanisms involving mobile genetic elements in class 1 and class 2 integrons and antibiotic resistance have been developed in the evolution of Shigella strains.     

不动杆菌中整合子及其与耐药性的关系研究

目的了解不动杆菌属中的整合子及其与耐药性的关系。方法采用多重聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测整合子;采用ERIC-PCR检测其同源性;用联合限制性片段多态性分析检测整合子基因盒。结果 122株不动杆菌中53株包含有1类整合子,而这53株中只有40株扩增出耐药基因盒,其有4种基因盒:arr-3-aacA4(几种不同的菌株中的24株)、aacC1-orfP-orfQ-aadA1a(11株,可能所有是相同的菌株)、aacA4-catB8-aadA1(2株)和dfrⅦ(1株)。结论整合子和耐碳青霉烯类缺少相关性;我国的整合子基因盒出现地域化,而arr3基因我国成为一个特征;arr3-aacA4基因盒在不动杆菌菌株中存在明显的水平基因转移,说明整合子基因盒在不动杆菌中存在明显的水平基因转移。     

Molecular characterization of class 1 integrons and antimicrobial resistance in Aeromonas strains from foodborne outbreak-suspect samples and environmental sources in Taiwan

One hundred thirty-three Aeromonas spp. isolates were examined for multiple antibiotic resistance phenotypes and prevalence of class 1 integron sequences. Twenty-four (18.0%) of these isolates contained class 1 integron. Seven different class 1 integrons were found among 24strains, with a total of 10 different gene cassettes encoding for resistance to trimethoprim (dfr12 and dfr2d), aminoglycosides (aadA1 and aadA2), beta-lactam antibiotics (oxa2), chloramphenicol (catB3 and catB8), quaternary ammonium amines (qacE2), and 2 ORFs (orfD and orfF) with unknown function. Rate of antibiotic resistance was different between integron-positive and integron-negative strains. Trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole resistances were commonly associated with integron, and all of integron-positive isolates were multiple resistant to more than 3 agents. Resistance to as many as 10 antimicrobial agents were observed in integron-positive strains. Several cassette arrays of class 1 integrons identified in this study were not previously reported in Aeromonas strains. This study demonstrates the wide distribution of class 1 integron in Aeromonas spp. isolated from foodborne outbreak-suspect samples and environmental sources in Taiwan.     

Identification and characterization of class 1 integrons in bacteria from an aquatic environment.

In a survey of 3000 Gram-negative bacteria isolated from an estuarine environment over a 2 month period, the incidence of class 1 integrons was determined to be 3.6%. Of 85 integrons studied further, 11 lacked both the qacEdelta1 and sull genes usually present in the 3' conserved segment of the integron. The qacEdelta1 and sull genes were identified in the 3' conserved segment of 36 integrons. The remaining 38 integrons lacked a sull gene but contained a qacE gene. The variable region of 74 integrons was characterized by PCR and sequence analysis. Forty of the integrons were found to lack integrated gene cassettes, although 21 of these 'empty' integrons were shown to contain inserted DNA which has been tentatively identified as a novel insertion sequence (IS) element. Of the 34 integrons which contained inserted gene cassettes, the aadA1a gene was found to be the most prevalent (74%). Nineteen integrons contained additional or other gene cassettes in their variable region, including those encoding resistance to trimethoprim (dfr1a, dfrIIc, dfrV, dfrVII, dfrXII), chloramphenicol (catB3, catB5), aminoglycosides (aadA2, aacA4, aacC1), beta-lactamases (oxa2) and erythromycin (ereA). This study confirms the occurrence of integrons in bacteria from a natural habitat and suggests that in the absence of continued antibiotic selective pressures, integrons which persist appear to preferentially exist without integrated antibiotic resistance gene cassettes.     

亚胺培南耐药铜绿假单胞菌的整合子检测及其与多重耐药相关性的研究

目的调查亚胺培南耐药的铜绿假单胞菌携带整合子情况,了解其与多重耐药的相关性。方法采用Mi—croWlkway-96全自动细菌鉴定仪进行细菌鉴定和药敏试验,PCR法对临床分离的120株亚胺培南耐药和80株亚胺培南敏感的铜绿假单胞菌进行整合子检测。结果120株亚胺培南耐药的铜绿假单胞菌中I类整合子的检出率为81．7％（98／120）、Ⅲ类整合子检出率为1．7％（2／120）,未检出Ⅱ类整合子;80株亚胺培南敏感的铜绿假单胞菌中I类整合子的检出率为21．3％（17／80）,未检出Ⅱ、Ⅲ类整合子。整合子阳性的铜绿假单胞菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于整合子阴性的铜绿假单胞菌,并且前者多重耐药现象较为严重。结论I类整合子广泛存在于亚胺培南耐药的铜绿假单胞菌中,并与其多重耐药性密切相关。