Creatine kinase isoenzyme profiles after exercise in the rat: sex-linked differences in leakage of CK-MM

Changes in creatine kinase (CK) activity and CK isoenzyme profiles in plasma after exercise were studied in rats in order to establish the source of the exercise-induced rise in CK activity. Male and female rats ran on a treadmill for 2 h and blood samples, taken before and after exercise, were assayed for total CK, CK isoenzymes and aminoaspartate transaminase (AST) activity. These enzymes were also assayed in homogenates of liver and several muscles. We found that the isoenzyme composition of liver, plasma and muscle did not differ between the sexes. However, the exercise-induced CK and AST responses did differ: CK and AST increased after exercise in males (101% and 15% resp.), but much less in females (47% and 1%). Although the isoenzyme profiles in rest did not differ, significant differences were observed after running: in males CK-MM inereased with 678%, but females only showed a 114% increase. In contrast, CK-BB showed a small increase that was about the same for both sexes (males 41%, females 35%). We conclude that both males and females show a small and similar increase in CK-BB activity after exercise, and that a large release of CK-MM from skeletal muscle, observed only in males, accounts for sex-linked differences reported earlier.     

Sex differences in serum ck activity but not in glomerular filtration rate after resistance exercise: is there a sex dependent renal adaptative response?

We investigated differences in sex responses in serum CK activity and renal function measured by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after an exercise session. Twenty-two healthy and trained volunteers (11 males and 11 females) performed 17 resistance exercises with 3 × 12 repetitions in a circuit training fashion. Subjects provided blood samples prior to exercise session, and at 24, 48, and 72 h following exercise sessions for creatine kinase and creatinine. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected before and 72 h after the exercise. Estimate (e) GFR was obtained by using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation adjusted for males and females. After the exercise session, males showed greater serum CK activity than females (p < 0.02), serum creatinine increased 31.3 % for males and 29.8 % for females, and urinary creatinine decreased on average 5.4 % for males and 0.6 % for females, with no significant differences (p > 0.05) between sex for serum and urinary creatinine. eGFR decreased significantly for males (~10 %) and females (~8 %), but also without a difference between the sexes (p > 0.05). The correlation between CK and eGFR was significant for males (r = ?0.794; p = 0.003), and females (r = ?0.8875; p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation between CK activity and the eGFR indice of renal function in both males and females was observed. Additionally, the renal function compromise was similar for both sexes, despite males presenting greater exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage when compared to females.     

Isokinetic Hamstrings:Quadriceps Ratios in Intercollegiate Athletes

OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in the concentric hamstrings:quadriceps (H:Q) ratio among athletes in different sports at 3 velocities. DESIGN AND SETTING: We measured the H:Q ratio of both knees using the Biodex Pro Isokinetic Device. SUBJECTS: Eighty-one male and female collegiate athletes. MEASUREMENTS: We performed analyses for sport, velocity, and side of body for each sex. To compare the means of the concentric H:Q ratios for mean peak torque and mean total work, a 2 x 3 x 4 mixed-factorial analysis of variance was computed for women and a 2 x 2 x 3 mixed-factorial analysis of variance was computed for men. RESULTS: We observed no significant interactions for men and women for the concentric H:Q ratio for mean peak torque. There was a significant mean difference among velocity conditions and a significant difference for men with respect to velocity. No significant differences were found for side of body or sport. CONCLUSIONS: The H:Q ratio increased as velocity increased. No differences existed for the H:Q ratio for sport or side of body.     

Blood pressure in relation to skinfold thickness in the population of Andhra Pradesh

The blood pressure of 1275 subjects of both sexes in relation to four skinfolds at biceps, triceps, subscapular and supra-iliac was studied. A positive relationship is observed between these two variables. The mean systolic and diastolic pressures increase from lower to higher skinfold thickness groups in both sexes for all the four skinfolds. The sex difference is conspicuous and significant for systolic pressure. However only a few groups show significant sex difference for diastolic pressure. In males the correlations between blood pressure and skinfolds were significant, while in females it is significant between diastolic blood pressure and biceps and triceps skin thicknesses only.     

The effect of environmental temperature on testosterone and cortisol responses to high Intensity,intermittent exercise in humans

The purpose of this study was to examine the testosterone, cortisol, and the molar ratio of testosterone to cortisol (T:C) blood concentration responses to intermittent, high intensity exercise in the heat. Eight active men [mean age 25 (SD 3) years, mass 71.1 (SD 5.5) kg, height 175.9 (SD 4.4) cm] performed two series of five 15-s Wingate anaerobic power tests in both hot (H, 35°C) and thermoneutral (TN, 22°C) environments. Each period of exercise was separated by 30-s of active recovery. Each series was separated by 60 min of passive recovery. Blood samples were obtained before (PRE), immediately post (IP), and 5(5R), 10(10R), 15(15R), 30(30R), 45(45R), and 60(60R) min following exercise. Peak power was significantly higher, during the first series of exercise, in the H compared to TN. No significant differences were seen in any of the variables between the first and second series of exercise in either environmental condition. Furthermore, no significant differences between these conditions were observed in heart rate, blood lactic acid concentration, or rectal temperature. A significant decrease in cortisol concentration was observed between PRE and IP, during both conditions. However, no significant interactions between TN or H were seen. No change from PRE was observed in testosterone or T:C during either TN or H. It would appear that testosterone and cortisol respond similarly to repeated periods of short duration high intensity exercise, in either thermoneutral or moderately hot environments.     

Fluid replacement and heat stress during exercise alter post-exercise cardiac haemodynamics in endurance exercise-trained men

It has been reported that endurance exercise-trained men have decreases in cardiac output with no change in systemic vascular conductance during post-exercise hypotension, which differs from sedentary and normally active populations. As inadequate hydration may explain these differences, we tested the hypothesis that fluid replacement prevents this post-exercise fall in cardiac output, and further, exercise in a warm environment would cause greater decreases in cardiac output. We studied 14 trained men (     4.66 ± 0.62 l min⁻¹) before and to 90 min after cycling at 60%     for 60 min under three conditions: Control (no water was consumed during exercise in a thermoneutral environment), Fluid (water was consumed to match sweat loss during exercise in a thermoneutral environment) and Warm (no water was consumed during exercise in a warm environment). Arterial pressure and cardiac output were measured pre- and post-exercise in a thermoneutral environment. The fall in mean arterial pressure following exercise was not different between conditions ( P = 0.453). Higher post-exercise cardiac output (Δ 0.41 ± 0.17 l min⁻¹; P = 0.027), systemic vascular conductance (Δ 6.0 ± 2.2 ml min⁻¹ mmHg⁻¹ ; P = 0.001) and stroke volume (Δ 9.1 ± 2.1 ml beat⁻¹; P < 0.001) were seen in Fluid compared to Control, but there was no difference between Fluid and Warm (all P > 0.05). These data suggest that fluid replacement mitigates the post-exercise decrease in cardiac output in endurance-exercise trained men. Surprisingly, exercise in a warm environment also mitigates the post-exercise fall in cardiac output.     

Sex differences in the changes in sympathetic nerve activity when arterial pressure is raised by infusion of angiotensin and noradrenaline

1. In cats and dogs impulse frequency was studied in single and few-fibre preparations of the cervical sympathetic nerves when blood pressure was raised in steps to about 200 mm Hg by infusions of noradrenaline and angiotensin. Two forms of frequency/blood pressure relationships were found which differed in their distribution between the sexes.2. In females, both normal and ovariectomized, there was an inverse linear relationship between spike frequency and blood pressure over the whole range of blood pressure studied. The same was true in castrated males and normal males pretreated with oestrogens.3. In normal males the inverse linear relationship held to a pressure of about 150 mm Hg. At higher pressures the sympathetic discharge rate remained steady or increased. This was also found in castrated males pretreated with testosterone. There was a statistically significant difference between the responses of these animals and those of normal females and castrated or oestrogen treated males.4. The sex difference originates peripherally since the responses of both sexes were similar following baroreceptor and chemoreceptor denervation. During ventilation with oxygen instead of air the male pattern of response becomes like that of the female. The latter observation implicated the chemoreceptors.5. alpha adrenoceptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine localized to the region of the carotid bifurcation in male cats abolished the increase in sympathetic discharge rate at high blood pressure induced by noradrenaline, but did not alter the response to angiotensin.6. Records of spike frequency in single and few-fibre preparations of chemoreceptor units in the sinus nerves of cats also showed an inverse relationship between frequency and blood pressure in females. In males at the higher pressures, the discharge rate was steady or increased. The increased chemoreceptor discharge at high pressures in males was abolished by ventilation with oxygen instead of air.7. The sex difference in behaviour of chemoreceptor units could not be explained by differences in either total carotid body blood flow or arterial oxygen tension.8. It is tentatively concluded that the observed sex difference is related to the state of the blood supply to the chemoreceptors and that, in males, testosterone sensitizes the blood vessels to vasoconstrictors, so that at high pressures blood is diverted through shunts and the chemoreceptors are subjected to a stagnant hypoxia.     

Chest pain is inversely associated with blood pressure during exercise among individuals being assessed for coronary heart disease

Acute and chronic increases in blood pressure have been related to decreases in pain perception. This phenomenon has been studied primarily using acute experimental pain stimuli. To extend the literature to naturalistic pain and in particular the problem of silent cardiac ischemia, this study examined the relationship between blood pressure and chest pain during exercise stress testing. Nine hundred seven (425 men, 482 women) individuals undergoing exercise stress testing for diagnosis of possible myocardial ischemia completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) immediately afterward and other questionnaires before and after testing. Blood pressure was measured before, during, and after exercise. Systolic blood pressure at the end of exercise was inversely related to a number of measures of pain such as total score on the MPQ. The relationship could not be explained by individual differences in exercise duration, medication use, sex, or other measured variable. In sum, the inverse relationship between blood pressure and sensitivity to pain that has been observed in other populations in experimental and naturalistic conditions was observed for chest pain during exercise. Blood pressure may contribute to episodes of silent ischemia.     

Reference values for exercise tests with continuous increase in load

Reference values for exercise tests with continuous increase in load are presented. The exercise tests were performed on an electrically braked bicycle ergometer by 188 randomly selected Swedes of both sexes who were between 20 and 79 years of age. The reference values are related to sex, age (in decades) and weight and classified in decreasing levels of exercise capacity. Reference values for systolic blood pressure at different work loads are also given.     

Sex differences in blood pressure responses to mental stress are abolished after a single bout of exercise: underlying hemodynamic mechanisms

We aimed to investigate whether the pressor responses to mental stress (MS) are exaggerated in men due to heightened cardiac responses, before and after a bout of exercise. Fifteen men and 19 women underwent a protocol consisting of blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO) and forearm vascular assessments at baseline and during MS, and these measurements were performed before and 60 min after a bout of exercise. Before exercise, BP response was significantly augmented in men (Δ16 ± 2 mmHg) compared to women (Δ11 ± 1 mmHg). This BP response was accompanied by greater increases in CO in men and similar vascular responses between sexes. After exercise, BP and CO responses to MS were attenuated in men and, consequently, no sex differences were observed. Vascular responses were not affected by exercise. The mechanism underlying the lack of sex differences in BP response to MS after exercise was found to be a marked attenuation in CO in men only.     

Relationship between blood pressure alterations and bursts of panting in the conscious dog: a comparison of the effects of exercise and heat exposure

1. Continuous recordings of the arterial blood pressure and intrathoracic pressure of conscious dogs have been taken, in each animal, under two different conditions: (a) during mild exercise on a treadmill in a thermoneutral environment (19-22 degrees C T(db), 13.5-17.5 degrees C T(wb)); (b) at rest in conditions of mild heat stress (35-40 degrees C T(db), 20-26 degrees C T(wb)), and of severe heat stress (35-40 degrees C T(db), 30-34 degrees C T(wb)).2. Under all conditions, panting occurred, but there were differences in its pattern. During exercise, panting usually occurred in short regular bursts of about 10 sec duration, whereas during both mild and severe heat stress it occurred in bursts of irregular but usually longer duration. At comparable rectal temperatures, the intensity of panting (as measured by the amplitude of intrathoracic pressure variations) was markedly greater during exercise than during heat stress; the frequency, however, was lower.3. During exercise, the bursts of panting were associated with striking oscillations in mean blood pressure, whereas during mild and severe heat stress they were associated with much smaller changes in mean blood pressure. In addition, cross-correlation analysis revealed that blood pressure changes were far more strongly correlated with bursts of panting during exercise than during mild or severe heat stress.4. In view of the present and previous results, it is suggested that both the bursts of panting and the associated cardiovascular changes during exercise are stimulated primarily by metabolic rather than thermoregulatory factors. During heat stress, bursts of panting are solely thermally induced, and are therefore not associated with similar cardiovascular alterations.     

Whole-body pre-cooling does not alter human muscle metabolism during sub-maximal exercise in the heat

Muscle metabolism was investigated in seven men during two 35 min cycling trials at 60% peak oxygen uptake, at 35°C and 50% relative humidity. On one occasion, exercise was preceded by whole-body cooling achieved by immersion in water during a reduction in temperature from 29 to 24°C, and, for the other trial, by immersion in water at a thermoneutral temperature (control, 34.8°C). Pre-cooling did not alter oxygen uptake during exercise (P>0.05), whilst the change in cardiac frequency and body mass both tended to be lower following pre-cooling (0.05< P<0.10). When averaged over the exercise period, muscle and oesophageal temperatures after pre-cooling were reduced by 1.5 and 0.6°C respectively, compared with control (P<0.05). Pre-cooling had a limited effect on muscle metabolism, with no differences between the two conditions in muscle glycogen, triglyceride, adenosine triphosphate, creatine phosphate, creatine or lactate contents at rest, or following exercise. These data indicate that whole-body pre-cooling does not alter muscle metabolism during submaximal exercise in the heat. It is more likely that thermoregulatory and cardiovascular strain are reduced, through lower muscle and core temperatures. Electronic Publication     

Cardiovascular and blood gas responses to shivering produced by external and central cooling in the pigeon

Cardiovascular and blood gas responses of pigeons to spinal cord cooling (35-36 degrees C) were measured at thermoneutral (28 degrees C) and low (5 degrees C) ambient temperatures. Spinal cord cooling at thermoneutral temperatures caused immediate shivering and increases in heat production (223%), heart rate (152%) and cardiac output (169%), but blood pressure and stroke volume did not change. PaCO2 and PvCO2 increased slightly during the cooling; PaO2 and CaO2 decreased slightly while PvO2 and CvO2 decreased considerably (10 Torr and 1.7 mmol . l-1, respectively), resulting in a greater a-v difference in O2 content. Ambient cooling produced responses comparable to spinal cord cooling. Simultaneous spinal cord and ambient cooling produced similar responses that were generally greater in magnitude than either kind of cooling alone. Consequently, heart rate, cardiac output and O2 extraction from the blood were all significantly, linearly related to heat production over the wide range studied. Comparisons are made between cardiovascular responses of birds to shivering and exercise in regards to the relative importance of increases in heart rate, stroke volume and blood pressure. It is suggested that exercise and shivering may effect cardiovascular responses through similar receptor mechanisms.     

The effect of factors such as handedness, sex and age on body temperature measured by an infrared 'tympanic' thermometer

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of IRET has been called into question. However, there are a number of factors that might affect ear temperature measurement. Some of these are the focus of this study. METHOD: 366 asymptomatic subjects (0.75 to 53 years old) volunteered to take part in this ethically approved study. The data were analysed in respect to handedness, sex and age. RESULTS: Two-way ANOVAs showed significant interactions between age group and sex (first ear measured, p = 0.017; second p = 0.298), and between handedness and sex (first ear measured, p = 0.011; second p = 0.040) in relation to their ear temperature. Ear temperatures of males tended to be lower than females, however this only found significance in the 'Early Puberty' age group (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Significant differences in ear temperature were seen for handedness, sex and age. CONCLUSION: We have shown that handedness, sex and age might be contributory factors to ear temperature differences in the population.     

Exercise-induced muscle damage in the rat: the effect of vitamin E deficiency

Rats, fed a vitamin-E-deficient diet for 6 weeks, performed treadmill exercise for 2 h. Muscle damage was assessed by measuring the creatine kinase (CK) activity in plasma before and after exercise, and by studying semithin longitudinal sections of the soleus muscle 48 h after running. Vitamin-E-deficient male and female rats showed an increased post-exercise CK activity when compared to matched controls, but male rats showed a larger CK response than females. This rise in plasma CK activity was caused mainly by an increased activity of the muscle-specific CK-isoenzyme, CK-MM (males + 1238%; females + 540%, P<0.05). In a parallel histological study we observed in vitamin-E-deficient male rats a dramatic and significant disturbance of the normal cyto-architecture of the muscle fibres after exercise (focal necrosis, phagocytosis and cellular infiltrates), whereas in females only minor, non-significant, changes were seen. We conclude that vitamin E deficiency enhances the susceptibility to exercise-induced muscle damage in male rats more than in female rats. This difference between the sexes is attributed to the protective effect of oestradiol that remains operative in female rats when the vitamin E status is disturbed: male rats lack such hormonal protection.     

腹腔镜下多囊肾去顶减压术的应用分析

目的 探究腹腔镜下多囊肾去定减压术的应用效果,为今后临床治疗提供可靠的经验。方法 选取佳木斯市中心医院泌尿外科2015年2月~2017年2月收治的44例多囊肾患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组22例。观察组接受腹腔镜下去顶减压术治疗,对照组采用传统开腹手术方案。观察两组患者术前术后血压,血清尿素氮,肌酐水平等,对治疗结果进行分析。结果 20例术前患有高血压的患者,均口服降压药物治疗,其中12例患者联合服用降压药物,8例单一服用降压药物,术后20例服用高血压药物的患者用药剂量均下降,12例联合服用降压药物的患者,4例改为单一用药,8例维持原来用药种类,但剂量减少。8例单一服药的患者2例停药,6例减少剂量;两组患者术后血压、腰腹疼痛评分、血清尿素氮水平、肌酐均较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;组间比较上,观察组的术后血压、腰腹疼痛评分、血清尿素氮水平、肌酐均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 腹腔镜多囊肾去顶减压术治疗的效果显著,疼痛轻,术后康复快,值得在临床上推广使用。     

The effects of different air velocities on heat storage and body temperature in humans cycling in a hot, humid environment

AIM: The purposes of this study were to determine (i) the effects of different facing air velocities on body temperature and heat storage during exercise in hot environmental conditions and (ii) the effects of ingesting fluids at two different rates on thermoregulation during exercise in hot conditions with higher air velocities. METHODS: On five occasions nine subjects cycled for 2 h at 33.0 +/- 0.4 degrees C with a relative humidity of 59 +/- 3%. Air velocity was maintained at 0.2 km h(-1) (0 WS), 9.9 +/- 0.3 km h(-1) (10 WS), 33.3 +/-2.2 km h(-1) (100 WS) and 50.1 +/- 3.2 km h(-1) (150 WS) while subjects replaced 58.8 +/- 6.8% of sweat losses. In the fifth condition, air velocity was maintained at 33.7 +/- 2.2 km h(-1) and subjects replaced 80.0 +/- 6.8% of sweat losses (100.80 WS). RESULTS: Heat storage, body temperature and rating of perceived exertion were higher in 0 and 10 WS compared with all other conditions. There were no differences in any measured variable between 100 and 150 WS, or between 100 and 100.80 WS. Thus, the evaporative capacity of the environment is increased with higher air velocities, reducing heat storage and body temperature. At higher air velocities, a higher rate of fluid ingestion did not influence heat storage, body temperature or sweat rate. CONCLUSION: The finding of previous laboratory studies showing a beneficial effect of high rates of fluid ingestion on thermoregulation during exercise in hot, humid, windstill conditions cannot be extrapolated to out-of-doors exercise in which facing air velocities are seldom lower than the athlete's rate of forward progression.     

Cardiovascular Responses to the Combination of Caffeine and Mental Arithmetic, Cold Pressor, and Static Exercise Stressors

The present study examined cardiovascular responses to the combination of caffeine (250mg) and mental arithmetic, cold pressor, and static exercise stressors in 48 healthy males. Subjects were tested in a within-subject, placebo-controlled, double-blind design. Repeated measurements of heart rate, finger temperature, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, forearm blood flow, and blood pressure were obtained during a pre-drug resting baseline, a post-drug resting baseline, the three stressor tasks, and a recovery baseline. The primary analyses were 2(Drug) x 5(Period) x 6(Stress Order) MANCOVAs using pre-drug baseline values as covariates. Significant period main effects were observed for all measures. Significant drug main effects were observed for blood pressure, finger temperature, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and forearm blood flow. The significant changes in blood pressure and finger temperature produced by caffeine combined in an additive fashion with the effects produced by the stressors. Significantly greater increases in forearm blood flow and heart rate during mental arithmetic on the caffeine day suggested a potentiation of sympathetic, beta-adrenergic activity. Questionnaires administered during baseline periods to assess psychological responses to stress and caffeine revealed a potentiation of anxiety and anger responses to stress on the caffeine day.     

Gender-related sleep differences in neonates in thermoneutral and cool environments

Although thermoregulation and sleep exhibit gender differences in adults, the question is still debated in neonates. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between gender-related sleep differences and cool defence mechanisms in neonates. Sleep and thermoregulation were recorded in healthy preterm neonates (21 boys and 17 girls, 37 +/- 2 weeks post-conceptional age) exposed to thermoneutral and cool conditions. Sleep was analysed for continuity and structure. Although the cool exposure did not strongly impair body homeothermia, sleep was altered but without any significant gender difference. However, when data recorded under each of the thermal conditions were pooled, some gender differences emerged: boys slept less, with more wakefulness after sleep onset, more active sleep and less quiet sleep than girls. In contrast to sleep architecture, most of the sleep continuity parameters exhibited greater variability in boys than in girls. This variability may bias the statistical analyses and probably explains the varying conclusions reported in the literature regarding gender-specific sleep-related differences.     

有氧运动可改善糖尿病肾病模型小鼠肾脏的氧化应激损伤

文题释义：核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)：属于转录因子亮氨酸拉链转录激活因子(CNC)家族成员,为细胞防御多种应激损伤的关键因子。Nrf 2 是诱导Ⅱ相酶基因表达的必需调节因子。 有氧运动：是指人体在氧气充分供应的情况下进行的耐久性运动,其特点是强度低、时间长、不中断、有节奏,能够改善胰岛素抵抗、降低血糖,对糖尿病具有一定的疗效。 背景：研究证实,长期有规律的有氧运动能够有效降低血糖,改善胰岛素抵抗,是治疗糖尿病肾病的重要措施,但有关其具体机制不明。 目的：探讨有氧运动对糖尿病肾病小鼠肾脏氧化应激损伤的影响及其与核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)信号通路的关系。 方法：雄性C57/BL6小鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病肾病组及有氧运动治疗组,每组8只。除正常对照组外,其他2组小鼠均采用多次小剂量腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(40 mg/kg,连续注射5 d)建立糖尿病小鼠模型(4周后24 h尿蛋白含量>30 mg提示糖尿病肾病造模成功)。糖尿病小鼠造模成功8周后,有氧运动治疗组小鼠进行为期8周的跑台有氧运动,1 h/d,5 d/周。治疗8周后,测量尾动脉收缩压、24 h尿微量白蛋白排泄率、血糖、血脂及血肌酐、血尿素氮水平;取肾脏组织匀浆,测定丙二醛水平及总超氧化物歧化酶活性;观察肾脏组织肾小球系膜区细胞外基质积聚情况,并检测肾脏组织活性氧水平及核因子E2相关因子2核蛋白和血红素氧合酶1蛋白表达。实验方案经河南省中医药研究院动物实验伦理委员会批准(批准号为HPHT2015019)。 结果与结论：①与正常对照组比较,糖尿病肾病组小鼠24 h尿微量白蛋白排泄率、血糖、血肌酐、尿素氮、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇以及尾动脉收缩压等指标水平显著增加,肾脏肾小球系膜区细胞外基质显著积聚,活性氧水平和丙二醛水平显著增加;与糖尿病肾病组比较,有氧运动治疗组上述各项指标显著降低;②与糖尿病肾病组比较,有氧运动治疗组小鼠总超氧化物歧化酶活性增强,肾小球系膜区细胞外基质积聚显著减少,肾脏组织细胞核蛋白核因子E2相关因子2和总蛋白血红素氧合酶1的表达上调;③结果说明,有氧运动能够降低糖尿病肾病小鼠肾脏氧化应激损伤,可能与Nrf2/HO-1通路激活有关。 ORCID: 0000-0003-1328-3575(刘晓晨) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程