颈椎前路手术对脊髓型颈椎病患者椎间盘组织中炎性细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨颈椎前路手术对脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)患者椎间盘组织中炎性细胞因子的影响.方法 35例脊髓型颈椎病患者(CSM组)和30例颈椎外伤患者(对照组)均行颈椎前路手术治疗,观察治疗效果.采用固相分离放射免疫分析法(SPRIA)测定两组颈椎间盘组织中白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)－α水平.结果病程≤6个月组优良率为81.8％,病程＞6个月组优良率为38.5％,两组优良率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);CSM患者术前JOA评分为(9.73±2.12)分,术后JOA评分为(14.21±2.52)分,术后JOA评分显著高于术前(P＜0.05);CSM组颈椎间盘中IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 颈椎前路手术是治疗CSM的一种较有效手术方法;IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α在颈椎间盘退变和CSM发病中起重要作用.     

双节段BRYAN人工颈间盘置换的中期疗效分析

[目的]观察相邻双节段BRYAN人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗相邻节段颈椎病的临床疗效与影像学结果.[方法]回顾2006年1月～ 2009年2月在本院行相邻双节段BRYAN人工颈椎间盘置换术并获得随访的颈椎病患者19例.术前及术后1周,术后3、6、12、24、36个月进行JOA评分、NDI评分及颈痛VAS评分,评估手术临床疗效;术前及术后3、6、12、24、36个月通过颈椎动力位X线片评定置换节段、上下相邻节段和C2-7颈椎活动度;术后12、24、36个月,通过X线椎间盘退变评分系统评估手术相邻节段退变.[结果]所有患者术后神经症状均明显好转,各随访点JOA评分、NDI评分、颈痛VAS评分较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),3个月后各随访时点两两比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两置换节段活动度术后各随访点与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3个月后随访,上下相邻节段活动度与术前相比略减小,C2-7活动度较术前略增加,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).至末次随访时,手术未导致相邻节段椎间盘退变加剧,无严重并发症发生.[结论]BRYAN人工颈椎间盘置换治疗相邻双节段颈椎间盘退变性疾病临床疗效良好,不仅保留了颈椎的运动学特性,防止置换节段与相邻节段退变,而且术后近中期无严重并发症.     

一期前后路颈椎减压治疗钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病

目的观察一期前后路颈椎减压治疗钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法采用一期前后路颈椎减压手术方式治疗16例钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病,其中发育性颈椎管狭窄合并颈椎间盘突出11例,退变性颈椎管狭窄合并颈椎间盘突出5例。术前和术后通过神经功能JOA评分、颈椎动态侧位X线片、颈椎MRI评估临床疗效。结果患者术后3、6、24个月,JOA评分平均改善率分别为62.2%,69.4%,78%,MRI示颈髓压迫解除。结论一期前后路颈椎减压治疗钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病是一种有效可行的手术方法。     

人工颈椎间盘置换对邻近节段椎间盘的保护作用

[目的]探讨Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换治疗颈椎病和颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及对邻近节段椎间盘的保护作用。[方法]回顾分析2004年以来本科收治的254例颈椎病及颈椎间盘突出症患者。117例施行了Bryan人工椎间盘置换术,其中男性55例,女性62例;年龄33~65岁,平均46.6岁,89例行单节段人工椎间盘置换术,6例行双节段人工椎间盘置换术,22例行1节段人工椎间盘置换术和1节段椎间盘切除植骨融合术。137例行颈椎前路减压融合术,其中男性74例,女性63例;年龄29~81岁,平均47.8岁。术后评定患者神经功能恢复情况,测量邻近节段活动度的大小,并进行邻近节段颈椎间盘退变情况的X线评估。[结果]两组患者术后随访时间为6~60个月,平均26.4个月。两组患者术后神经功能均有明显改善,JOA评分平均较术前提高5.6分,平均改善率为62.9%,有效率为100%,两组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。测量邻近节段椎间隙活动度的结果显示融合组较非融合组变化明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。椎间盘退变的X线评估结果显示,融合组邻近节段颈椎间盘退变的发生率和严重程度明显高于非融合组,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换治疗颈椎病和颈椎间盘突出症具有良好的疗效,较传统前路减压融合术,可以较好发挥其对邻近节段椎间盘的保护作用。     

脊髓型颈椎病并发后纵韧带肥厚的多因素分析

[目的]探讨脊髓型颈椎病并发后纵韧带肥厚的相关因素。[方法]2000年1月~2010年1月本院共收治324例脊髓型颈椎病患者,其中156例患者并发后纵韧带肥厚,对并发后纵韧带肥厚组和未并发后纵韧带肥厚组患者的年龄、糖耐量、体重、生活习惯(吸烟、饮酒)、颈椎间盘退变程度、颈椎活动强度、颈椎间盘突出类型进行Lo-gistic多变量回归分析,探讨脊髓型颈椎病并发后纵韧带肥厚的危险因素。[结果]高龄、糖尿病、吸烟、颈椎间盘退变程度是脊髓型颈椎病并发后纵韧带肥厚的危险因素,其OR值分别为1.991、3.560、5.875和3.080(P0.05)。[结论]高龄、糖尿病、吸烟、颈椎间盘退变程度与脊髓型颈椎病并发后纵韧带肥厚相关,但具体作用机制还需进一步研究。     

人工颈椎间盘置换与颈前路减压融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效比较

[目的]研究比较Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术与经颈前路减压融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效.[方法]回顾性分析2004年1月～2008年1月收治的57例颈椎病手术的病例,其中19例行人工颈椎间盘置换术,38例行颈前路减压融合术.[结果]置换组术后颈部生理活动度得到保持,JOA评分由9.6±3.5升至14.3±4.6(6个月)、16.1±3.2(3年),Odom评定满意率100%;融合组术后颈部活动由48.6°±6.1°降至36.6°±3.5°(单节段融合)和48.4°±4.1°降至27.3°±5.3°(双节段融合),Odom评定满意率97.3%.[结论]人工颈椎间盘置换术与颈前路减压融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病早、中期疗效满意,前者不加速相邻节段的退变,显著减少由融合导致的多种并发症.     

颈椎病发病机制的研究

目的 研究颈椎病的发病机制。方法 通过比较脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床表现、影像学资料和颈前路手术切除的颈椎减压标本的组织学表现,分析与颈椎病相关的因素和机制。结果 48例脊髓型颈椎病患者前路减压术后优良率占83％（40例）;18个患者的20例减压完整标本中,以颈椎盘突出为颈椎病主要发病原因者14个占70％,以椎体后缘骨赘压迫为颈椎病主要发病原因的5个占25％。颈椎间盘后缘有炎细胞浸润的占55％,1例退变的非突出的的颈椎间盘也有明显的炎细胞浸润。有炎细胞浸润的患者,其脊髓神经功能损害程度比无炎细胞浸润者重（神经功能评分,P＜0．01）。结论 除了突出的颈椎间盘和椎体后缘形成的骨赘压迫,退变突出的颈椎间盘产生的炎症反应在颈椎病的发病中同样起重要作用。     

颈椎间盘纤维环及髓核生化成分的分析

颈椎病的发生、发展与颈椎间盘退变有关。作者通过分析正常人、单纯颈椎间盘突出症 (Ｃｅｒｖｉｃａｌｄｉｓｃｈｅｒｎｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ＣＤＨ)患者及脊髓型颈椎病 (Ｃｅｒｖｉｃａｌｓｐｏｎｄｙｌｏｔｉｃｍｙｅｌｏｐａｔｈｙ ,ＣＳＭ )患者椎间盘纤维环及髓核的生化成分 ,了解颈椎间盘退变的变化过程。资料与方法　正常人间盘取自 4例新鲜尸体标本中的 17个颈椎间盘 ,平均年龄 31 5岁 ,生前均无颈椎疾患。 2例ＣＤＨ患者年龄分别为 30及 35岁 ,均有外伤史及颈脊髓受压的症状和体征 ,影像学表现为单纯间盘突出 ,且经手术证实。ＣＳＭ 8例 …     

白细胞介素-17在退变腰椎间盘中的表达及意义

[目的]观察白细胞介素-17(IL-17)在退变腰椎间盘组织中的表达水平,并探讨其与椎间盘退变发生发展的关系.[方法]实时荧光相对定量PCR(RQ-PCR)方法检测42例退变椎间盘组织(26例来自腰椎间盘突出症患者,16例来自腰椎管狭窄症患者)及8例正常对照椎间盘组织(来自4具新鲜尸体)中IL-17和孤独受体(retinoid-relatedorphanreceptor,RORγT)mRNA的表达水平;免疫组织化学EnVision法检测入选标本CD4表面抗原、IL-17表达水平.[结果]退变组椎间盘组织IL-17、RORγTmRNA的相对表达量显著高于正常对照组相对表达量(P＜0.05),且腰椎间盘突出组和腰椎管狭窄组IL-17、RORγrmRNA表达量差异无统计学意义(t=0.669,P=0.507,T=421,p=0.38);IL-17mRNA和RORγTmRNA相对表达水平呈线性关系(r=0.381,P=0.013);退变组椎间盘组织IL-17、CD4细胞表面抗原阳性率显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.001),且腰椎间盘突出组和腰椎管狭窄组IL-17、CD4细胞表面抗原阳性率差异无统计学意义(t=1.13,P=0.265,t＝1.459,P=0.152).[结论]IL-17mRNA和蛋白表达水平在退变椎间盘组织中显著升高,说明IL-17参与椎间盘退变的病理过程,Th17细胞介导的免疫炎症反应可能在腰椎间盘退变的发生发展中起重要作用.     

颈椎病突出椎间盘组织炎性反应特性的研究

目的：探讨颈椎病发生中突出颈椎间盘组织的炎症反应特性。方法：取31例脊髓型颈椎病患者的35个突出的颈椎间盘标本和3个成年人的7个正常颈椎间盘标本，将每个标本分为2份，1份作组织学检查，观察有无炎细胞浸润，1份用生物化学方法测定其中IL－1α、IL－6和TNF－α的含量。结果：35个突出颈椎间盘中，18个（51．4％）在边缘区域有大量炎细胞浸润，其余17个（48．6％）未见炎细胞浸润，对照组未见炎细胞浸润；35个突出颈椎间盘组织中IL－1α、IL－6和NTF－α含量明显高于正常椎间盘。结论：颈椎病患者突出椎间盘组织具有炎症反应特性，炎症反应可能在颈椎间盘退变和颈椎病的发生发展中起重要作用。     

Herniation of cervical intervertebral disc: immunohistochemical examination and measurement of nitric oxide production.

STUDY DESIGN: Surgically obtained cervical herniated intervertebral discs were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. The production of nitric oxide (NO) in the local tissue was examined using the electron spin resonance (ESR) method. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the local histologic and immunohistochemical changes in cervical disc herniation, including NO production, and to compare such changes with those in autopsy cases. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Very little is known about the histopathologic processes of cervical disc herniation. In addition, no information is available on the level of in vivo NO production in cervical disc herniation. METHODS: Thirty-six herniated cervical discs obtained from 31 patients were immunohistochemically examined for localization of blood vessels, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, and inducible NO synthetase (iNOS). We also compared the production of NO, measured by the ESR method, in eight specimens with that of five control discs obtained from fresh cadavers. RESULTS: The presence of herniated discs correlated with the degeneration of cartilaginous endplate and torn anulus fibrosus. Formation of new blood vessels around the herniated discs was detected, using von Willebrand factor antibody, in seven uncontained hernias and 20 contained hernias. Immunohistochemical studies showed the presence of cells positive for MMP-3 (chondrocytes), iNOS (chondrocytes and granulation tissue) in cervical disc hernias. ESR analysis showed a significantly higher NO production in herniated cervical discs than in disc samples of fresh cadavers. CONCLUSIONS: Herniated cervical intervertebral disc is characterized by the presence of an inflammatory process associated with neovascularization and increased expression of MMP-3. Production of NO was markedly high in both contained- and uncontained-type hernias.     

Is there any relationship between proinflammatory mediator levels in disc material and myelopathy with cervical disc herniation and spondylosis? A non-randomized,prospective clinical study

The proinflammatory mediator (PIM) levels were assessed in surgically removed samples of herniated cervical intervertebral discs. The objective of this study was to investigate if there is a correlation between the levels of PIMs in disc material and myelopathy associated with cervical intervertebral disc herniation and spondylosis. The role of proinflammatory mediators in the degeneration of intervertebral disc and the inflammatory effects of disc herniations on radicular pain has been previously published. However, the possible relationship between PIMs and myelopathy related to cervical disc herniation and spondylosis has not been investigated before. Thirty-two patients undergoing surgery for cervical disc herniation and spondylosis were investigated. Surgically obtained disc materials, stored at 70 degrees C, were classified into two groups: cervical disc herniation alone or with myelopathy. Biochemical preparation and solid phase enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay (ELISIA) analysis of the samples were performed to assess the concentration of mediators in the samples. Very similar values of interleukin-6 were found in both groups whereas the concentrations of mediators were significantly higher in myelopathy group. This study has demonstrated that PIMs are involved in cervical intervertebral disc degeneration with higher concentrations in the samples associated with myelopathy.     

Herniated and spondylotic intervertebral discs of the human cervical spine: histological and immunohistological findings in 500 en bloc surgical samples. Laboratory investigation

OBJECT: In this paper the authors' goal was to identify histological and immunohistochemical differences between cervical disc hemrniation and spondylosis. METHODS: A total of 500 cervical intervertebral discs were excised from 364 patients: 198 patients with disc herniation and 166 patients with spondylosis. We examined en bloc samples of endplate-ligament-disc complexes. Types of herniation and graded degrees of disc degeneration on MR images were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The herniated discs showed granulation tissue, newly developed blood vessels, and massive infiltration of CD68-positive macrophages, which surrounded the herniated tissue mainly in the ruptured outer layer of the anulus fibrosus. The vascular invasion was most significant in uncontained (extruded)-type herniated discs. Chondrocytes positive for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were abundant in both herniated and spondylotic discs. Free nerve fibers, positive for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurofilament 68, growth-associated protein (GAP)-43, and substance P, were strongly apparent in and around the outer layer of uncontained (extruded)-type herniated discs, with enhanced expression of NGF. The authors observed that herniated discs showed more advanced degeneration in the outer layer of the anulus fibrosus around the granulation tissue than spondylotic discs. On the other hand, spondylotic discs showed more advanced degeneration in the cartilaginous endplate and inner layer of the anulus fibrosus than herniated discs. Spondylotic discs also had thicker bony endplates and expressed TNFalpha and MMP-3 more diffusely than herniated discs, especially in the inner layer of the anulus fibrosus. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' results indicate that herniated and spondylotic intervertebral discs undergo different degenerative processes. It is likely that TNFa, MMP-3, bFGF, and VEGF expression is upregulated via the herniated mass in the herniated intervertebral discs, but by nutritional impairment in the spondylotic discs. Macrophage accumulation around newly formed blood vessels in the herniated disc tissues seemed to be regulated by MMP-3 and TNFalpha expression, and both herniated and spondylotic discs exhibited marked neoangiogenesis associated with increased bFGF and VEGF expression. Nerve fibers were associated with NGF overexpression in the outer layer of the anulus fibrosus as well as in endothelial cells of the small blood vessels.     

退变颈椎间盘中IL-17表达与分布的研究

目的 观察退变颈椎间盘中自细胞介素-17(IL-17)的表达与分布,并探讨其与颈椎间盘退变发生发展的关系.方法 实时荧光相对定量PCR(RQ-PCR)检测30例退变颈椎间盘及10例正常对照椎间盘中IL-1β、IL-17、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和孤核受体(retinoid-related orphan re-ce...     

基质金属蛋白酶-3和其组织抑制剂-1在椎间盘中的表达及其意义

目的：检测突出和非突出椎间盘中是否有基质金属蛋白酶－3（MMP3）及其组织抑制剂－1（TIMP）的表达,了解椎间盘退变和突出的发病机制。方法：采用ABC免疫组化方法,测定60例突出椎间盘标本（分为凸出型,脱出型,游离型）和16例非突出椎间盘标本内MMP3和TIMP1的表达情况,结果：突出椎间盘中的MMP3比非突出椎间盘的多,其差异有显著性意义。脱出型及游型内的MMP3比突出型的多,其差异有显著性意义。脱出突型及游离型内的MMP3无显著性差异,非突出椎间盘和凸出型椎间盘内TIMP1为阴性,脱出型和游离内TIMP1为阳性,但无显著性差异,结论：MMP3和TIMP1的不平衡表达也许是椎间盘退变的因素,椎间盘退变程度的差异可能是椎间盘突出症临床分型的基础。     

NF-κB inhibitor,NEMO-binding domain peptide attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration

BACKGROUND CONTEXTNonphysiological mechanical loading and inflammation are both critically involved in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, which is characterized by an increase in cytokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in the nucleus pulposus (NP). This process is known to be mediated by the NF-κB pathway.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCECurrent clinical treatments for IVD degeneration focus on the alleviation of symptoms rather than targeting the underlying mechanism. Injection of an NF-κB inhibitor may attenuate the progression of IVD degeneration.PURPOSETo investigate the ability of the NF-κB inhibitor, NEMO binding domain peptide (NBD), to alter IVD degeneration processes by reducing IL-1β- and mechanically-induced cytokine and MMP levels in human nucleus pulposus cells in vitro, and by attenuating IVD degeneration in an in vivo rat model for disc degeneration.STUDY DESIGNExperimental in vitro and animal model.PATIENT SAMPLEDiscarded specimens of lumbar disc from 21 patients, and 12 Sprague Dawley rats.OUTCOME MEASURESGene and protein expression, cell viability, µMRI and histology.METHODSIL-1β-prestimulated human nucleus pulposus cells embedded into fibrin constructs were loaded in the Flexcell FX-5000 compression system at 5 kPa and 1 Hz for 48 hours in the presence and absence of NBD. Unloaded hNPC/fibrin constructs served as controls. Cell viability in loaded and unloaded constructs was quantified, and gene and protein expression levels determined. For in vivo testing, a rat needle disc puncture model was employed. Experimental groups included injured discs with and without NBD injection and uninjured controls. Levels of disc degeneration were determined via µMRI, qPCR and histology. Funding sources include $48,874 NASS Young Investigator Research Grant and $119,174 NIH 5K01AR071512-02. There were no applicable financial relationships or conflicts of interest.RESULTSMechanical compression of hNPC/fibrin constructs resulted in upregulation of MMP-3 and IL-8. Supplementation of media with 10 μM NBD during loading increased cell viability, and decreased MMP-3 gene and protein levels. IVD injury in rat resulted in an increase in MMP-3, IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression. Injections of 250 µg of NBD during disc injury resulted in decreased IL-6 gene expression. µMRI analysis demonstrated a reduction of disc hydration in response to disc needle injury, which was attenuated in NBD-treated IVDs. Histological evaluation showed NP and AF lesion in injured discs, which was attenuated by NBD injection.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study show NBD peptide's capacity to reduce IL-1β- and loading-induced MMP-3 levels in hNPC/fibrin constructs while increasing the cells’ viability, and to attenuate IVD degeneration in rat, involving downregulation of IL-6. Therefore, NBD may be a potential therapeutic agent to treat IVD degeneration.     

改良颈椎前路单椎体次全切除融合术并单节段颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的 探讨改良颈椎前路单椎体次全切除融合术(ACCF)并单节段颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)治疗连续3节段椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄的脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)的可行性、安全性和有效性.方法 2010—2018年本院收治3节段椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄的CSM患者379例,其中133例采用传统单节段ACCF并ACDF治疗,并以长...     

人工椎间盘置换术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效分析

目的探讨人工颈椎间盘置换术(CADR)与前路减压椎体融合术(ACDF)对比治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)的早中期临床疗效。方法 2015年1月至2018年1月,共完成随访单节段CSM患者40人,其中19人采用ACDF治疗,21人采用CADR治疗,两组患者分别观察记录术前、术后3个月、术后1年、术后3年的JOA评分与NDI评分,以及JOA评分改善率;检查MRI与X线影像变化,观察术后减压效果及内置物位置是否满意。结果两组患者术后的临床症状均得到明显缓解,神经功能得到显著改善,组内比较,术后各个时间段JOA评分、NDI评分与术前相比均有统计学差异(P0.05);组间比较,ACDF组与CADR组术后各时间段的JOA评分无明显差异(P0.05)、NDI评分CADR组术后各时间段均优于ACDF组(P0.05);ACDF组JOA评分优良率为84%,CADR组为90%,无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。影像学表现,末次随访ACDF组融合成功率为94.7%,CADR组2例发生轻度异位骨化,但人工椎间关节活动度无明显受限。两组均未发生严重的术后并发症。结论通过与经典前路融合术式的疗效对比,人工颈椎间盘置换术不仅能获得同样优良的减压效果,还能利用仿生假体维持原有的椎间活动能力,有效避免因融合导致的周围骨关节代偿功能增加而发生的退变,取得满意的近期疗效。