HCV NS5B蛋白结构与功能研究进展

NS5B是一种依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RdRp),作为核心酶在HCV复制中起关键作用.NS5B结构和功能的研究,有助于HCV基因组RNA复制及调节、HCV与宿主相互作用的认识,同时也为以RdRp为靶标的药物研究奠定了理论基础.     

HCV NS5B蛋白结构与功能研究进展

NS5B是一种依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RdRp),作为核心酶在HCV复制中起关键作用.NS5B结构和功能的研究,有助于HCV基因组RNA复制及调节、HCV与宿主相互作用的认识,同时也为以RdRp为靶标的药物研究奠定了理论基础.     

HCV NS5B蛋白结构与功能研究进展

NS5B是一种依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RdRp),作为核心酶在HCV复制中起关键作用.NS5B结构和功能的研究,有助于HCV基因组RNA复制及调节、HCV与宿主相互作用的认识,同时也为以RdRp为靶标的药物研究奠定了理论基础.     

HCV NS5B蛋白结构与功能研究进展

NS5B是一种依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RdRp),作为核心酶在HCV复制中起关键作用.NS5B结构和功能的研究,有助于HCV基因组RNA复制及调节、HCV与宿主相互作用的认识,同时也为以RdRp为靶标的药物研究奠定了理论基础.     

HCV NS5B蛋白结构与功能研究进展

NS5B是一种依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RdRp),作为核心酶在HCV复制中起关键作用.NS5B结构和功能的研究,有助于HCV基因组RNA复制及调节、HCV与宿主相互作用的认识,同时也为以RdRp为靶标的药物研究奠定了理论基础.     

HCV NS5B蛋白结构与功能研究进展

NS5B是一种依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RdRp),作为核心酶在HCV复制中起关键作用.NS5B结构和功能的研究,有助于HCV基因组RNA复制及调节、HCV与宿主相互作用的认识,同时也为以RdRp为靶标的药物研究奠定了理论基础.     

HCV NS5B蛋白结构与功能研究进展

NS5B是一种依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RdRp),作为核心酶在HCV复制中起关键作用.NS5B结构和功能的研究,有助于HCV基因组RNA复制及调节、HCV与宿主相互作用的认识,同时也为以RdRp为靶标的药物研究奠定了理论基础.     

HCV NS5B蛋白结构与功能研究进展

NS5B是一种依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RdRp),作为核心酶在HCV复制中起关键作用.NS5B结构和功能的研究,有助于HCV基因组RNA复制及调节、HCV与宿主相互作用的认识,同时也为以RdRp为靶标的药物研究奠定了理论基础.     

HCV NS5B蛋白结构与功能研究进展

NS5B是一种依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RdRp),作为核心酶在HCV复制中起关键作用.NS5B结构和功能的研究,有助于HCV基因组RNA复制及调节、HCV与宿主相互作用的认识,同时也为以RdRp为靶标的药物研究奠定了理论基础.     

HCV NS5B蛋白结构与功能研究进展

NS5B是一种依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RdRp),作为核心酶在HCV复制中起关键作用.NS5B结构和功能的研究,有助于HCV基因组RNA复制及调节、HCV与宿主相互作用的认识,同时也为以RdRp为靶标的药物研究奠定了理论基础.     

The hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor (BMS-790052) alters the subcellular localization of the NS5A non-structural viral protein

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural (NS) 5A protein plays an essential role in the replication of the viral RNA by the membrane-associated replication complex (RC). Recently, a putative NS5A inhibitor, BMS-790052, exhibited the highest potency of any known anti-HCV compound in inhibiting HCV replication in vitro and showed a promising clinical effect in HCV-infected patients. The precise mechanism of action for this new class of potential anti-HCV therapeutics, however, is still unclear. In order to gain further insight into its mode of action, we sought to test the hypothesis that the antiviral effect of BMS-790052 might be mediated by interfering with the functional assembly of the HCV RC. We observed that BMS-790052 indeed altered the subcellular localization and biochemical fractionation of NS5A. Taken together, our data suggest that NS5A inhibitors such as BMS-790052 can suppress viral genome replication by altering the proper localization of NS5A into functional RCs.     

Trans-complementation of HCV replication by non-structural protein 5A

Although establishment of the subgenomic replicon system has considerably facilitated genetic analysis of HCV replication, many details remain largely unknown. To initially test whether HCV replication could be affected in trans, complementation studies were conducted in which defective replicon RNAs carrying a luciferase reporter were introduced into stable cells bearing functional replicons. The NS3 protease and the NS5B viral polymerase genes on the transfected replicons were rendered null by active site mutations and shown not to be complemented in trans by functional proteins expressed from the endogenous replicons. A new strategy was also developed to examine whether adapted copies of NS4B and NS5A could enhance the replication of transfected replicons carrying non-adapted genes. The replication efficiency of a replicon carrying two adaptive mutations in NS3 (E1202G and T1280I) had previously been shown to be greatly enhanced by the presence of a third mutation in either NS4B (K1846T) or NS5A (S2197P). A partially adapted luciferase replicon carrying only the two NS3 mutations was used to transfect cells containing replicons bearing the adapted NS4B or NS5A. Using this approach, NS5A, but not NS4B, was found to trans-complement. In a final confirmatory study, ectopically expressed NS5A also complemented the HCV replicon genome bearing the non-adapted NS5A. These studies strongly suggest that HCV non-structural proteins, with the exception of NS5A, can only act in cis on the RNA from which they were translated.     

Nonstructural protein 5A does not contribute to the resistance of hepatitis C virus replication to interferon alpha in cell culture

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) subgenomic replicon system was used to study a possible involvement of nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) in the mechanisms of HCV resistance to interferon alpha (IFN-alpha). A series of chimeric HCV replicons was constructed. In these replicons, the NS5A gene in the backbone of the Con1 replicon was swapped by corresponding fragments obtained from four IFN-alpha responder and four IFN-alpha nonresponder patients that had been infected with the same HCV AD78 strain. Experiments with transfected Huh7 cells did not reveal significant differences in sensitivity of HCV RNA replication to IFN-alpha in cell clones, bearing chimeric Con1/AD78 replicons with NS5A sequences from IFN responders and nonresponders. Thus, these data provide no evidence that the NS5A protein contributes to the resistance of HCV replication to IFN-alpha.     

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS2 protein up-regulates HCV IRES-dependent translation and down-regulates NS5B RdRp activity

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often leads to liver cancer. The HCV NS2 protein is a hydrophobic transmembrane protein that associates with several cellular proteins in mammalian cells. In this report, we investigated the function of NS2 protein on HCV replication and translation by using a transient cell-based expression system. Cells co-transfected with pcDNA3.1 (−)-NS2 and the dual-luciferase reporter construct containing the HCV IRES were used to detect the effect of NS2 protein on HCV translation. Cells co-transfected with pcDNA3.1(−)-NS2, pcDNA-NS5B and a reporter plasmid were used to detect the effect of NS2 protein on HCV replication. The results showed that HCV NS2 protein up-regulated HCV IRES-dependent translation in a specific and dose-dependent manner in Huh7 cells but not in HeLa and HepG2 cells, and NS2 protein inhibited NS5B RdRp activity in a dose-independent manner in all three cell lines. These findings may suggest a novel mechanism by which HCV modulates its NS5B replication and IRES-dependent translation and facilitates virus persistence. Y. She and Q. Liao contributed equally to this work.     

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the palm subdomain of hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5B polymerase

The nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) which plays an essential role in viral RNA replication. Antibodies that specifically recognize NS5B will have utilities in monitoring NS5B production and subcellular localization, as well as in structure-function studies. In this report, three mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 16A9C9, 16D9A4 and 20A12C7, against a recombinant NS5B protein (genotype 1a, H-77 strain) were produced. These mAbs specifically recognize HCV NS5B, but not RdRps of polivirus (PV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) or GB virus B (GBV-B). The mAbs can readily detect NS5B in cellular lysates of human osteosarcoma Saos2 cells constitutively expressing the nonstructural region of HCV (NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B). NS5B proteins of different HCV genotypes/subtypes (1a, 1b, 2a, 2c, 5a) showed varied affinity for these mAbs. Interestingly, the epitopes for the mAbs were mapped to the palm subdomain (amino acid 188-370) of the HCV RdRp as determined by immunoblotting analysis of a panel of HCV/GBV-B chimeric NS5B proteins. The binding site was mapped between amino acid 231 and 267 of NS5B for 16A9C9, and between 282 and 372 for 16D9A4 and 20A12C7. Furthermore, these mAbs showed no inhibitory effect on the NS5B polymerase activity in vitro.     

A nonisotopic assay method for hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible for replication of genomic RNA. A novel nonisotopic assay method is described for detecting its enzymatic activity. The 5' end of the in vitro-transcribed template RNA was attached covalently to the surface of a Covalink module using carbodiimide condensation. The RNA strand containing the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of HCV at its 3' end was free in the solution. A purified NS5B polymerase and NTPs along with biotin-labeled UTP were added to this module and the polymerization activity could be detected colorimetrically with streptavidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase.     

Positive effect of the hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein on viral multiplication

Summary. Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV), is a major cause of liver disease worldwide, and are frequently resistant to the interferon alpha treatment. The nonstructural (NS) 5A protein of HCV has been proposed to be involved in this resistance. Additional studies have pointed out a role for NS5A in several other cellular interactions as well as an important role of its adaptative mutations in HCV genome replication. However, no infectious system is available to assess the role of NS5A in the HCV life cycle. Thus, we have constructed a recombinant system directly demonstrating for the first time that the expression of NS5A confers a multiplicative advantage to Sindbis virus, a virus close to HCV. This advantage seemed to be related to an anti-apoptotic effect of the NS5A protein. At a later stage, a possible nuclear localization of NS5A was observed, likely due to apoptotic cleavages of this protein. The NS5A protein was also shown to induce the interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA and to activate the NF-B pathway independently of the Sindbis virus. Together, our data suggest that the activation of NF-B could lead to the anti-apoptotic activity of NS5A and explain the viral multiplicative advantage conferred by the expression of the NS5A protein.     

HCV NS5A基因在hepG2细胞中的表达以及对PI3K的影响

目的：探讨HCV—NS5A对PI3K表达的影响。方法：应用PCR技术从含有HCV全长开放阅读框的质粒中获得NS5A全长基因片段，利用基因重组技术将其克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3．0（-）中。通过酶切、PCR及测序鉴定，NS5A基因已正确插入到pcDNA3．0（-）中，再利用脂质体转染HepG2细胞。结果：经RT—PCR及Western blot检测，HCV的NS5A基因在HepG2细胞中获得表达，而且在表达重组NS5A的转染HepG2细胞中，检测到PI3K蛋白的表达。结论：NS5A可在体外激活PI3K及其信号通路。     

Autophagy protein ATG5 interacts transiently with the hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase (NS5B) early during infection

Autophagy is an important cellular process by which ATG5 initiates the formation of double membrane vesicles (DMVs). Upon infection, DMVs have been shown to harbor the replicase complex of positive-strand RNA viruses such as MHV, poliovirus, and equine arteritis virus. Recently, it has been shown that autophagy proteins are proviral factors that favor initiation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Here, we identified ATG5 as an interacting protein for the HCV NS5B. ATG5/NS5B interaction was confirmed by co-IP and metabolic labeling studies. Furthermore, ATG5 protein colocalizes with NS4B, a constituent of the membranous web. Importantly, immunofluorescence staining demonstrated a strong colocalization of ATG5 and NS5B within perinuclear regions of infected cells at 2 days postinfection. However, colocalization was completely lacking at 5 DPI, suggesting that HCV utilizes ATG5 as a proviral factor during the onset of viral infection. Finally, inhibition of autophagy through ATG5 silencing blocks HCV replication.