蜂胶的药理活性

近年来对蜂胶的药理活性研究较为广泛，主要以直接或处理后的单味蜂胶和复方蜂胶制剂为对象进行研究。这两种研究方式都很好地证明了蜂胶具有广泛的药理活性，如抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗辐射、抗炎等作用，且毒性很小，为今后蜂胶的临床应用提供了参考依据。     

国内蜂胶黄酮的药理学研究近况

<正>蜂胶黄酮是蜂胶中所含的主要有效成分之一。蜂胶黄酮类化合物的药理作用非常广泛,有抗炎、抗过敏、抗致癌、抗增生、抗病毒和抗细胞分化活性等作用。现将近年来我国对蜂胶黄酮类物质的药理作用及其机理的研究新进展综述如下。     

替硝唑在口腔疾病治疗中的应用和质量控制

通过查阅相关文献资料,分析替硝唑在口腔疾病治疗中的应用范围、质量控制和应用方法等,归纳总结替硝唑作为抗厌氧菌药物用于口腔疾病治疗的作用特点.     

含漱液在口腔疾病中的应用研究进展

口腔内的温度及湿度十分适宜微生物的定植和生长，这些微生物对维持口腔的生理健康至关重要。当菌斑中微生物的平衡被破坏时，便会产生一系列的口腔疾病，如龋齿、牙周疾病和口腔黏膜病等。口腔内环境复杂，解剖结构精细，日常使用牙刷和牙线也不能完全清除牙菌斑。治疗性含漱液是一种辅助工具，与日常刷牙和使用牙线等口腔卫生常规措施一起使用，对多种口腔疾病有较明显的疗效。该文对含漱液的治疗作用进行了综述。     

蜂胶药理作用研究概述

近些年研究表明蜂胶具有多种成分和广泛的药理活性,本文综述了蜂胶在抗病原体、抗炎镇痛、增强免疫、心血管保护、抗氧化以及肝保护等方面的药理作用,为蜂胶进一步的临床应用提供参考。     

蜂胶在炎症性肠病中相关作用的研究进展

炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease,IBD）包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎,以慢性复发性肠炎为主要特征。其发病原因目前尚未完全明确,并且缺乏有效的靶向药物,治愈难度很大。蜂胶（propolis）是一种具有多种生物学活性及药理学功效的天然混合物。相关研究表明,富含多酚的蜂胶提取物表现出显著的抗炎...     

蜂胶总黄酮抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的生化机制的研究

为探讨蜂胶总黄酮抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的生化机制,采用离体心脏缺血再灌注模型,观察蜂胶总黄酮对心脏缺血再灌注的保护作用。结果表明,治疗组的SOD比模型组明显提高(P<0.05),MAD明显降低(P<0.05)。治疗组的去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素比模型组显著提高(P<0.01)。结论:蜂胶总黄酮对心肌缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用。     

复方蜂胶口服液抗胃溃疡作用的药效学研究

目的观察复方蜂胶口服液抗胃溃疡的药效，以及对胃液分泌的影响。方法利用利血平、乙酸烧灼、幽门结扎3种溃疡模型，以及胃液分泌及成分分析实验，与西咪替丁、纯化水对照，观察实验动物的溃疡情况。结果复方蜂胶口服液可显著抑制利血平溃疡的形成，对乙酸烧灼型溃疡的愈合有明显的促进作用，可显著抑制幽门结扎溃疡的形成，并显著减少溃疡面积，其作用与阳性对照药西咪替丁相当。复方蜂胶口服液能显著降低胃液量、胃液总酸度、1h总酸排出量，显著抑制胃蛋白酶的活性。结论复方蜂胶口服有明显的的抗溃疡作用。     

蜂胶的药理作用

综述了近年来蜂胶在抗病原微生物，抗肿瘤，抗氧化，抗类，护肝等方面的研究进展。     

蜂胶的化学成分和植物来源的研究进展

蜂胶是西方蜜蜂采集植物的芽苞分泌物或伤口处流出的树叶油脂、黏液、树脂、橡胶 ,并混入蜂蜡和其它分泌物经咀嚼加工而成的一种黏稠物质。有抗细菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗炎症、抗溃疡、抗肿瘤、保肝、局部麻醉、免疫调节、清除自由基等生理作用 [1 -3 ] 。和传统的中草药不同 ,由于受生态系统和气候条件的影响 ,植物渗出物和分泌物的不同造成不同地区采集的蜂胶化学成分相差很大 ,生物学活性也因此有所变化。为此 ,有必要对蜂胶的化学成分和植物来源研究进行综述 ,为蜂胶化学标准化提供依据。1　蜂胶的植物来源蜂胶的来源和形成机制一直是个…     

Preparation and characterisation of polymeric films containing propolis

Propolis is a natural resinous substance, with a high polyphenol content, produced by honeybees and characterized by antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which make it useful for different therapeutic applications, especially in the stomatological field in the treatment of mild buccal diseases. The aim of this study was to prepare some polymeric film formulations for local delivery of propolis into the oral cavity. For this purpose, a commercial propolis fluid extract and three extracts (dry, ethanolic, glyceric) obtained from raw propolis were previously characterized with regard to their polyphenolic fraction composition and their antimicrobial properties against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains. Commercial fluid extract, judged the most suitable in terms of polyphenol content and antimicrobial activity, was then incorporated into alginate, alginate-chitosan and agar films, prepared using a casting-solvent evaporation technique, which were finally evaluated in terms of thickness, total polyphenol content, in vitro polyphenol release profiles, swelling behaviour and antimicrobial properties. Our results demonstrate that polymeric films can be proposed as new propolis vehicles in the treatment of dental and buccal diseases.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of propolis

Propolis (bee-glue), known as a folk medicine, is a lipophilic material found in honeybee hives. In the present study on the anti-inflammatory effect of Korean propolis, it was extracted with ethanol, and used as a test material. The LD₅₀ value with the oral administration of ethanolic extract of Korean propolis (EEKP) was higher than 2 g/kg in mice. The oral administration of the propolis extract (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the development of hind paw edema induced by carrageenin in rats. The oral pretreatment of the propolis extract markedly inhibited the increase in vascular permeability and the number of writhing induced by acetic acid in mice. Propolis extract, 50 and 100 mg/kg p.o. per day for 7 days, produced a significant inhibitory effect on granuloma and exudate formation in rats. This inhibitory effect was enhanced with the concomitant use of prednisolone (2.5 mg/kg). These results suggest that Korean propolis apparently has a strong anti-inflammatory activity.     

肠道菌群失调与口腔疾病研究概述——以儿童龋齿为例

众所周知,微生物菌群失调与人体多种疾病密切相关。口腔和肠道作为人体两大微生物栖息地,在微生物相关疾病中发挥着重要作用。尽管口腔和肠道是通过胃肠道连接的连续区域,但由于口腔-肠道屏障的存在,口腔和肠道微生物分布得到很好的隔离。然而,在口腔-肠道屏障功能障碍的情况下,口腔微生物群可以转移到肠黏膜。相反,肠道菌群失调也会对口腔微生物组成造成一定影响。口腔到肠道和肠道到口腔的微生物易位可以重塑彼此的微生物生态系统,最终调节机体生理功能和病理过程。然而迄今为止,口腔-肠道微生物的相互作用在口腔疾病中的发病机制一直未被充分认识。本文中,我们将重点介绍口腔-肠道微生物串扰在口腔疾病及儿童龋齿中的作用,为后续通过操纵肠道微生物治疗口腔疾病和儿童龋齿提供理论依据。     

综合性医院口腔科夜间急诊病例8951例回顾分析

目的通过回顾性分析综合性医院口腔科夜间急诊病例,探讨综合性医院口腔科夜间急诊病例构成特点等。方法对2011年1月至2011年12月上海市中医药大学附属普陀医院口腔科收治的8951例口腔急诊病例进行回顾分析。结果我院口腔科夜间急诊病例分类构成以颌面部外伤最多见,占急诊病例的25.36%,其他依次为急性根尖周炎,冠周炎,急性牙髓炎、牙周炎,拔牙后出血等。颌面部外伤中又以面部皮肤黏膜软组织损伤常见。结论口腔急诊病种范围广,急诊医师除需掌握口腔急诊病种的鉴别诊断外,还需重点掌握颌面部外伤、根尖周炎、牙髓炎等病种的应急处理方法。     

Comparative evaluation of in-vitro effects of Brazilian green propolis and Baccharis dracunculifolia extracts on cariogenic factors of Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans triggers dental caries establishment by two major factors: synthesis of organic acids, which demineralize dental enamel, and synthesis of glucans, which mediate the attachment of bacteria to the tooth surface. Propolis is a natural product that may prevent dental caries. Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae), a native plant from Brazil, is the most important botanical origin for the production of green propolis (Brazilian propolis) by honeybees. However, whether B. dracunculifolia (Bd) has an anticariogenic effect, like green propolis, remains unknown. Herein, we have made a comparative evaluation of the effects of extracts from green propolis and Bd on the glucan synthesis and acidogenic potential of S. mutans. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on bacterial acid production were evaluated through the potentiometric measurement of pH from bacterial suspensions treated with serial concentrations of both extracts. Besides presenting close inhibitory values at the same concentration range, Bd leaf rinse and green propolis extracts had similar IC(50) values (0.41 and 0.34 mg/ml, respectively). Both extracts produced a bacteriostatic effect on S. mutans cultures at a concentration of 0.40 mg/ml. Estimated inhibitory values of green propolis and Bd leaf rinse extracts on the synthesis of insoluble glucans (IC(50)=12.9 and 25.0 microg/ml, respectively) and soluble glucans (IC(50)=50.4 and 49.1 microg/ml, respectively) were not significantly different from each other at p<0.05. The results demonstrate that Bd leaf rinse and green propolis extracts have similar inhibitory effects on the S. mutans cariogenic factors evaluated herein, and allowed us to suggest that Bd leaves may be a potential source for pharmaceutical products employed for this purpose.     

Biological properties and clinical application of propolis. IX. Experimental observation on the influence of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) on dental pulp regeneration

The use of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) on injured dental pulp results in the stimulation of regenerative processes. A reduction of disorders of the circulatory system is observed, inflammatory and degenerative processes are also reduced.     

Propolis nanoparticles modulate the inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver fibrosis and nephropathy in rats

This study assessed the use of emulsion‐produced propolis nanoparticles for treating carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)‐induced liver fibrosis and nephropathy on albino rat model. The evaluation of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and the treatment outcomes involved biochemical investigations of blood samples as well as molecular analysis, and histopathological assessment for liver and kidney tissue samples. CCl₄ treatment caused elevated biochemical indicators of hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects as detected by liver and kidney functions tests, which improved gradually with propolis nanoparticles treatment. The molecular studies showed an increase in transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β), Nephrin, and Caspase‐9, while Bcl‐2 levels dropped in both liver and kidney tissue samples; such changes were normalized after treatment. The histological findings confirm both biochemical and molecular studies. Our results indicated that propolis nanoparticles had an anti‐inflammatory effect as proved by decreased expression of TGF‐β in liver tissue and Nephrin in kidney tissue. The propolis nanoparticles showed an anti‐apoptotic effect on liver and kidney tissue increasing the expression of Bcl‐2 and decreasing the expression of Caspase‐9.     

Sustained-Release Delivery Systems for Treatment of Dental Diseases

Sustained-release delivery systems allow the effective targeting of drugs for treating dental and periodontal diseases. Since dental diseases are chronic, the therapeutic agents used should persist in the oral cavity for as long as possible. Implanting fluoride, chlorhexidine, and other antiseptic agents embedded into sustained-release polymeric matrices into the oral cavity prevents cariogenic plaque accumulation. Both fibers and slab-like sustained-delivery devices bearing chemotherapeutic agents reduced periopathogenic bacteria levels associated with clinical improvement. This review provides useful background information for researchers seeking to develop controlled-release delivery systems for dental applications.     

The effect of propolis on CCL5 and IFN-γ expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leishmaniasis patients

Objectives Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with a strong Th1 immune response to Leishmania, which modulates chemokines and their receptors expression, affecting their migratory capacity. There are no antileishmanial vaccines available and chemotherapy still relies on the potentially toxic pentavalent antimonials. Propolis is a bee product with immunomodulatory and antiparasite activities, and researchers have been attracted to its potential for the development of new drugs. This work investigated the effects of propolis on CCL5 and IFN‐γ expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in order to evaluate a possible immunomodulatory action of propolis in patients with leishmaniasis compared to healthy control subjects. Methods PBMC were incubated in the absence or presence of propolis and the evaluation of a possible cytotoxicity of propolis was carried out using MTT assay. The expression level of CCL5 and IFN‐γ was determined by real‐time PCR. Key findings Our data indicated that propolis modulates the immune response of leishmaniasis patients in vitro, affecting CCL5 and IFN‐γ expression by PBMC. Conclusions Data suggested that propolis drives an anti‐inflammatory response depending on concentration. Although propolis is a potential source of new and selective drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis, its usefulness in the therapeutics should be further investigated.     

Antihypertensive effects of Brazilian propolis: identification of caffeoylquinic acids as constituents involved in the hypotension in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Brazilian propolis was extracted with water or various concentrations of ethanol and were administered orally to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the effects on blood pressure and heart rate were determined. Single oral administration of 100 mg/kg of propolis extracts decreased the blood pressure in SHR. Significant decrease in blood pressure was observed with propolis extracted with 25 and 70% ethanol. SHR were given orally 5 mg/kg of propolis extracted with 25 or 70% ethanol, twice a day for 28 d and the effects on blood pressure and heart rate were compared with control rats. While the blood pressure in the control group increased day by day, the increase was slower in rats treated with 25 and 70% ethanol extracts of propolis. The hypotensive activity of propolis extracted with 25% ethanol was more significant compared with control group than with 70% ethanol. Di- and tri-caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) were found to be characteristic components of propolis extracted with 25% ethanol. A single oral administration of 3,4-diCQA, 3,5-diCQA, and 3,4,5-triCQA each at a dose of 10 mg/kg were conducted in SHR. These three components were found to have antihypertensive effects and therefore contribute to the antihypertensive effects of propolis extract. These results suggest that 25% ethanol extract of propolis is useful for prevention and treatment of hypertension.