快速原型技术和腓骨肌皮瓣即刻重建下颌骨成釉细胞瘤术后缺损

目的 探讨即刻重建下颌骨成釉细胞瘤术后缺损解剖外形的理想方法. 方法 对6例需行下颌骨部分切除的成釉细胞瘤患者行术前CT扫描,MIMICS软件重建下颌骨三维数字模型,激光树脂成型机打印下颌骨实体模型,根据影像学检查结果在实体模型上设计截骨范围和重建钛网,数控成型机冲压钛网,腓骨肌皮瓣和钛网植入即刻修复下颌骨缺损. 结果 6例腓骨肌皮瓣全部存活,下颌骨缺损区解剖外形恢复满意,局部面容和余留牙咬合关系保持正常.结论 应用快速原型技术和腓骨肌皮瓣即刻修复下颌骨成釉细胞瘤术后缺损,不仅可以有效恢复下颌骨自然外形和患者容貌,也为局部咬合重建提供了解剖基础.     

应用吻合血管的骨肌皮瓣修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死

目的探讨下颌骨放射性骨坏死所致颌面部组织缺损的修复手段。方法对下颌骨放射性骨坏死行死骨扩大切除术，同期用吻合血管的骨肌(皮)瓣移植修复颌面部组织缺损。共有髂骨肌皮瓣9例、髂骨肌瓣串联前臂皮瓣5例、腓骨肌皮瓣5例以及腓骨肌瓣串联前臂皮瓣1例修复20例下颌骨骨坏死。结果临床随访1～5年，除1例髂骨肌皮瓣坏死外其余均正常成活。吻合血管的骨肌皮瓣移植成功率达95％。结论下颌骨放射性骨坏死应行死骨扩大切除术，同期用吻合血管的骨肌(皮)瓣移植可以有效修复手术所致的颌面部组织缺损。     

折叠腓骨瓣一期修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死

目的 探讨采用折叠腓骨复合组织瓣一期修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死术后复合组织缺损的方法，并观察其临床疗效。方法 2004年5月至2005年4月，中山大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科采用折叠腓骨皮瓣一期修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死的临床病例共5例。制备腓骨皮瓣，在保持骨膜连续性的情况下，将腓骨截骨后自身折叠成“双管”型腓骨皮瓣，修复受区缺损。结果 5例腓骨皮瓣均成活。术后随访平均8个月，无严重并发症，术后颜面部基本对称，外形满意。复查X线片示腓骨皮瓣与健侧下颌骨骨结合良好，重建下颌骨高度满意，为义齿修复创造了良好的牙槽骨条件。结果 折叠腓骨复合组织瓣一期修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死的成功率高，有效修复了下颌骨及软组织复合缺损，临床疗效满意，值得临床推广应用；     

吻合血管的游离复合皮瓣修复下颌骨及软组织缺损

目的　寻找一种既能同时满足修复下颌骨及软组织缺损需要 ,又符合牙种植条件的理想修复材料。方法　对 15例下颌骨复合组织缺损者行吻合血管的游离腓骨 -肌 -皮瓣复合组织移植修复。结果　 14例成功 ,颌面部外形、功能良好 ,利于牙种植。手术效果满意。结论　腓骨-肌 -皮瓣复合组织是目前修复下颌骨复合缺损的理想术式。     

小腿外侧复合组织瓣移植修复口腔颌面肿瘤切除后的缺损

目的评价小腿外侧复合组织瓣移植修复口腔颌面肿瘤切除后缺损的临床应用价值. 方法 1999年11月～2002年12月,对28例口腔颌面部肿瘤患者术后应用小腿外侧复合组织瓣游离移植,修复骨及软组织缺损.手术采用血管吻合、单叶皮瓣和坚固内固定等恢复口腔颌面缺损器官的形态及完整性.其中21例为带腓骨的腓骨皮瓣移植,7例为携带肌肉的腓骨肌皮瓣移植.采用游离小腿外侧皮瓣,大小3.0 cm×5.5 cm～8.0 cm×12.0 cm,腓骨长度5.5～16.0 cm.有3例同期植入种植体共5枚. 结果术后24例成功,3例部分皮瓣坏死,1例肌皮瓣坏死.3例同期植入的5枚种植体均达到良好的骨整合效果,并已行上部义齿修复.26例获随访1～36个月,平均18.5个月,23例患者面部外形恢复、张闭口及语音功能达到满意或较满意. 结论小腿外侧复合组织瓣有充足的可供取用的组织量,尤其是对同时伴有大量骨缺损患者.且具备血管蒂长、管径粗、易于吻合,以及供区隐蔽等优点,是修复重建口腔颌面部软硬组织缺损可选择的方法之一.     

远端静脉留置管在腓骨肌瓣移植中血供监测的应用

自Hidalgo于1989年首次报告利用吻合血管的游离腓骨瓣修复下颌骨缺损以来[1],游离腓骨瓣在下颌骨重建中的应用迅即为头颈重建外科医师所接受.游离腓骨骨皮瓣已经成为修复各种类型下颌骨缺损最常用的方法[2].其修复部位通常为深部组织缺损,为了监测深部移植的游离组织瓣血供情况,2005年6月至2008年6月,我们对14例深部移植腓骨肌瓣设计外置的远心端静脉留置管观察血供,临床效果满意,报告如下.     

远端静脉留置管在腓骨肌瓣移植中血供监测的应用

自Hidalgo于1989年首次报告利用吻合血管的游离腓骨瓣修复下颌骨缺损以来[1],游离腓骨瓣在下颌骨重建中的应用迅即为头颈重建外科医师所接受.游离腓骨骨皮瓣已经成为修复各种类型下颌骨缺损最常用的方法[2].其修复部位通常为深部组织缺损,为了监测深部移植的游离组织瓣血供情况,2005年6月至2008年6月,我们对14例深部移植腓骨肌瓣设计外置的远心端静脉留置管观察血供,临床效果满意,报告如下.     

远端静脉留置管在腓骨肌瓣移植中血供监测的应用

自Hidalgo于1989年首次报告利用吻合血管的游离腓骨瓣修复下颌骨缺损以来[1],游离腓骨瓣在下颌骨重建中的应用迅即为头颈重建外科医师所接受.游离腓骨骨皮瓣已经成为修复各种类型下颌骨缺损最常用的方法[2].其修复部位通常为深部组织缺损,为了监测深部移植的游离组织瓣血供情况,2005年6月至2008年6月,我们对14例深部移植腓骨肌瓣设计外置的远心端静脉留置管观察血供,临床效果满意,报告如下.     

游离腓骨移植修复下颌骨缺损的临床应用

目的 探讨游离腓骨移植在下颌骨缺损修复中的应用价值.方法 对患者下颌骨缺损8例,应用吻合血管的游离腓骨移植进行缺损修复,根据缺损大小用线锯切取长为7～ 15cm的腓骨块、塑形,先固定骨块,再吻合血管.观察修复效果及并发症情况. 结果 8例移植骨瓣成活良好,术后未见明显血肿、积液等并发症情况.术后随访5年,面部外形、健侧咬合情况良好,语言、咀嚼、吞咽功能恢复正常,供区愈合良好,行走正常,未出现踝关节不稳定情况. 结论 应用游离腓骨修复下颌骨缺损,在恢复患者面部外观及口腔重要生理功能方面都可取得满意临床效果.     

吻合血管的腓骨瓣移植一期重建双侧下颌骨

目的探讨下颌骨巨大肿瘤截骨切除后应用游离腓骨复合组织瓣一期重建双侧下颌骨方法和疗效。方法2000年7月至2002年10月,分别对波及双侧下颌骨的4例巨大成釉细胞瘤、2例牙龈癌施行截骨切除,手术造成跨中线的双侧下颌骨巨大缺损。根据下颌骨缺损的特点,以腓动静脉为血管蒂切取腓骨肌(皮)瓣,经截骨塑形后,用微形钛板将移植骨与双侧下颌骨残端坚固内固定,腓动、静脉与颈部小血管吻合,形成血管化腓骨复合组织瓣一期重建双侧下颌骨。结果6例移植腓骨复合组织瓣全部成活。随访6个月-2年,面下部外形恢复良好,移植腓骨与上颌骨相对位置正常,接受活动义齿修复后咬合关系和咀嚼功能均较满意。结论腓骨复合组织瓣节段性的骨膜供血和骨髓滋养动脉的双重供血特点十分适合塑造成下颌骨的弓状形态,是修复下颌骨巨大肿瘤导致的跨中线双侧下颌骨巨大缺损的理想材料。     

The fibula free flap: advantages of the muscle sparing technique.

The amount of muscle that should be retained on the free fibula during harvest is unresolved. Muscle is used to protect the periosteum, but by harvesting a large muscle cuff, the recipient and donor site morbidity increases. A retrospective review of 47 free fibula flaps performed between January 1997 and March 2002 was undertaken. There was an average follow-up of 15 months. The dissection method used for all cases was a muscle sparing technique where the peroneal vessels were skeletonised anteromedially. Only a very thin rim of muscle (1-2 mm) was left attached to the fibula. The recipient and donor vessels were flushed with heparin saline solution intra-operatively and a Dextran 40 infusion was used for four days post-operatively in all cases. Of the 47 flaps, 39 were used for mandible reconstruction, six for maxillary reconstruction and two for long bone reconstruction following trauma. The average age was 47.7 years (range 13-82) and two-thirds (28/43) of the patients were male. There was one post-operative death. The overall failure rate was 10.9% (5/46). Two flaps were lost as a result of arterial thrombosis, one from venous thrombosis, one from sepsis and in one case the cause could not be determined. There were 2 (4.3%) recipient site haematomas. It is suggested that the low recipient site haematoma rate in this series may be related to the limited muscle bulk transferred with the flap. Harvesting less muscle also enables easier insetting and folding of skin flap, and reduces the donor site problems of haematoma and weakness of the foot. The blood supply to the fibula does not appear to be compromised.     

血管化游离腓骨肌皮瓣重建下颌骨缺损

目的：总结游离腓骨肌皮瓣修复下颌骨缺损的经验。方法：对25例应用游离腓骨肌皮瓣行下颌骨缺损修复的病例进行临床分析,探讨不同类型下颌骨缺损,所采用腓骨肌皮瓣的设计,复合组织瓣的成活情况及术后并发症的发生情况。结果：本组25例患者游离腓骨肌皮瓣成活率100%,最长的腓骨为16cm,分为三段者3例,两段者20例。结论：血管化的游离腓骨肌皮瓣修复下颌骨缺损血供丰富、抗感染力强、骨愈合快、塑形好、成活率高。     

A comparison between fibula and iliac crest in mandibular reconstruction

Nowadays the vascularized free fibula flap and the free iliac crest flap are the methods most frequently used to reconstruct the mandible. This is also the case in our clinic. A retrospective nonrandomized study was performed to compare both flaps. The vascularized fibula free flap and the iliac crest free flap were compared in terms of logistics, flap failure, revisionary surgery, donor site morbidity, and recipient site morbidity. No significant differences in flap failure and revision surgery were found between the fibula group and the iliac crest group. Recipient site and donor site complications (major and minor) were significantly less in the fibula group compared to the iliac crest group. In mandibular reconstruction, the free vascularized fibula flap appears to be superior to the free vascularized iliac crest flap in terms of both recipient site and donor site morbidity.     

Free composite flaps with the fibula and their adaptation to mandibular reconstructive surgery. Apropos of 9 cases]

Although revascularized fibula bone transfers have been used in reconstructive surgery of long bones for about fifteen years, the first reported cases of mandibular reconstruction were only published in 1989 by Hidalgo. The mandible and the fibula actually have very few points in common apart from their respective length and a certain similarity of cross-section. However, free composite flaps including the fibula are adapted to reconstruction of the mandible for several reasons: the length of the bone which can be raised (25 cm) and osteotomized into several fragments; the addition of other components (skin, aponeurosis, muscle, etc.) for skin and/or mucosal repair; the spatial independence of these various elements; the microsurgical qualities of the peroneal artery. This possibility of multidirectional and multiple tissue bony mandibular reconstruction is analysed on the basis of 9 clinical cases: 5 cases of traumatic sequelae of the lower third of the face following gunshot injuries, 2 cases of radiation osteonecrosis, 2 benign bone diseases. The triple bone, integument and vascular adaptation between the fibular donor site and the recipient site must be assessed preoperatively. Due to the quality of the morphological and functional results compared with the limitations of other free composite bone transplants, the authors propose free composite fibular flaps as adapted and adaptable solutions for one-stage reconstruction of extensive mandibular defects (> 10 cm) associated with small or large mucocutaneous lesions.     

CTA及CAD\CAM技术在吻合血管的游离腓骨瓣下颌骨重建中的应用

目的 探讨CT血管造影技术（CTA）及计算机辅助设计制造技术（CAD＼CAM）在吻合血管的游离腓骨瓣移植下颌骨缺损重建中的应用。方法 游离腓骨瓣下颌骨复杂缺损重建的患者7例，术前常规行下肢CTA检查；并经CAD＼CAM技术模拟下颌骨切除及重建、制作手术模板，进行游离腓骨瓣下颌骨重建。结果 患者术前CTA检查顺利，术前拟了解的下肢解剖情况显示清晰。手术过程顺利，所有游离腓骨瓣及皮岛均成活（成功率100％），外形基本对称，患者对手术效果满意。结论 CTA及CAD＼CAM技术在游离腓骨瓣复杂下颌骨重建的术前供区评价选择、手术设计及术中腓骨瓣塑形等方面具有很好的应用价值。     

15 years experience with microvascular free tissue transfert for repair of head and neck cancer defects

We present the modalities and results obtained with free flap reconstruction of head and neck cancers defects. This retrospective review of 165 free transfers performed between 1984 and 1999 included 89 radial forearm flaps (54%), 38 latissimus dorsi flaps (23%), 28 osteomyocutaneous flaps (17%), 6 omentum flaps (4%), 2 jejunum flaps, and 2 cutaneous scapular flaps. Indications were orobuccopharynx (34%), hypopharynx (24%), mandible (17%), craniofacial (15%) and skin (10%) defects. Flap failure rate was 9%. Reconstruction of a radiated site was a statistically significant indicator of flap failure. Four types of free flaps were preferred for reconstruction of head and neck cancer defects. The radial forearm flap was used as a lap flap for the orobuccopharynx, the tubuled radial forearm flap for reconstruction of the digestive tract after total pharyngolaryngectomy, the osteomyocutaneous free fibular flap for pelvimandibulectomy, especially for the anterior arch, the latissimus dorsi flap to fill craniofacial defects, and the free omentum flap for craniofacial complications after radiotherapy.     

游离桡动脉联体穿支皮瓣修复手指较大皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨游离桡动脉联体穿支皮瓣修复手指较大皮肤软组织缺损的方法及临床疗效。方法2015年6月-2019年8月,采用桡动脉联体穿支皮瓣修复手指较大皮肤软组织缺损11例,皮瓣切取范围为2.5 cm×5.5 cm^3.0 cm×7.5 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合。术后随访3~26个月,观察皮瓣的质地、外观、感觉及手指功能情况。结果11例皮瓣全部顺利成活,伤口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后9例获得随访,随访时间3~26个月,平均18个月。皮瓣质地好,未见明显臃肿,皮色与受区相近,两点辨别觉8~12 mm,平均10 mm。供区只留线性瘢痕。结论采用桡动脉联体穿支皮瓣修复手指较大皮肤软组织缺损,增加了皮瓣的切取范围,不损伤主干血管,切取简便,成活率高,色泽和质地与受区相近,手指功能良好,供区可直接缝合,是修复手指较大皮肤缺损的一种理想方法。