肿瘤坏死因子凋亡诱导配体诱导膀胱癌EJ细胞凋亡的研究

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)诱导膀胱癌细胞凋亡的效应。方法 10～100μg／L梯度浓度的TRAIL与培养的EJ细胞共孵育4～24h。采用Annexin V染色，DNA云梯实验和流式细胞技术检测诱导后EJ细胞凋亡发生的时期和程度。结果 TRAIL诱导4h即后可观察到早期细胞凋亡发生，8h后即可检测DNA片段化，24h后凋亡细胞最多达到66．29％。结论 TRAIL能够迅速诱导EJ细胞凋亡，可能成为膀胱癌治疗的新方法。     

肿瘤坏死因子凋亡诱导配体诱导结肠癌细胞凋亡的机制

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)诱导结肠癌细胞发生凋亡的机制。方法流式细胞仪技术、酶联免疫吸附技术、荧光显色技术检测500μg／L TRAIL和／或Caspase抑制剂Z-VAD．fmk处理后,结肠癌细胞SW1116在不同时点(0、2、4、6、24 h)凋亡情况、Caspase-3酶活性及4 h线粒体△ψm、cardiolipin、细胞ROS变化。结果 TRAIL可引起结肠癌细胞凋亡,并于 4 h达凋亡高峰,凋亡指数为32．98％;并出现线粒体△ψm下降、cardiolipin丢失增加及Caspase-3酶活性增加,4 h达到最大峰值为(37．56±2．572)μmol／L·hr-1·mg-1蛋白。但TRAIL所诱导的细胞凋亡作用可被Caspase抑制剂Z-VAD．fmk所抑制。同时证实TRAIL所诱导的结肠癌细胞凋亡与细胞氧自由ROS的生成无关。结论 TRAIL通过Caspase依赖方式引起线粒体△ψm下降、cardi- olipin丢失增加导致线粒体内膜损伤,从而诱导细胞发生凋亡。     

受体作用蛋白在肝癌细胞对肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体诱导凋亡耐受中的作用

目的 观察受体作用蛋白(RIP)基因的表达变化在肝癌细胞对肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)诱导凋亡耐受中的作用.方法 以肝癌细胞HepG2、Hep3B为研究对象,制备RIP siRNA的细胞模型,应用流式细胞仪分析两种细胞模型对TRAIL作用后细胞周期的变化,Western blot检测其在RIP基因沉默前后凋亡信号传导蛋白Caspase-8、Caspase-3、DFF-45的表达变化.结果 转染RIP siRNA后,细胞恢复了对TRAIL诱导凋亡的敏感性,当TRAIL浓度为100 μg/L时,HepG2及Hep3B转染组的细胞生存率为(60.02±5.23)％和(50.78±3.76)％,显著低于对照组的(96.44±5.43)％和(101.85±6.41)％(P＜0.01);细胞生存周期SubG1期为(76.89±6.68)％和(72.45±7.31)％,显著高于对照组的(0.78±0.07)％和(3.62±0.38)％(P＜0.01).转染组TRAIL单独作用,可以引起HepG2 siRNA及Hep3B siRNA凋亡传导通路上传导蛋白Caspase-8、Caspase-3的裂解.结论 肝癌细胞对TRAI诱导凋亡的耐受可能与其传导通路上RIP蛋白的表达相关,抑制其表达可以导致凋亡传导蛋白Caspase-8、Caspase-3的裂解,促使凋亡的发生,恢复肝癌细胞对TRAIL诱导凋亡的敏感性.     

肿瘤坏死因子相关诱导凋亡配体联合化疗药物治疗膀胱癌的研究

目的　探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关诱导凋亡配体 (TRAIL)治疗膀胱肿瘤的作用 ,以及与化疗药物的协同作用。方法　将T2 4及 5 63 7膀胱肿瘤细胞接种至 96孔培养板后分别加入浓度为1、10、10 0 μg/L的TRAIL ,0 .1、1.0、10 .0mg/L的阿霉素 (ADM )和丝裂霉素 (MMC) ,不同浓度的TRAIL、ADM、TRAIL和MMC ,噻唑蓝比色 (MTT)法分别检测肿瘤细胞的生存率。将膀胱肿瘤细胞接种至 12孔板 ,培育 2 4h后加入不同浓度的TRAIL、ADM、MMC、TRAIL联合ADM、MMC。用流式细胞术检测不同处理组肿瘤细胞的凋亡率和死亡率。结果　 10 0 μg/LTRAIL引起T2 4、5 63 7细胞的凋亡率分别为 2 0 .1%、45 .3 % ,与无药物组 1.1%、3 .5 %的凋亡率比较差异有非常显著性(P <0 .0 1)。单独运用 10mg/LMMC、ADM对T2 4、5 63 7的抑制率分别为 3 6.0 %、44 .1%、2 6.7%、3 0 .2 % ;而 10 0 μg/LTRAIL和 10mg/LMMC、ADM联合后对T2 4、5 63 7的抑制率分别达到 5 8.4%、73 .7%、90 .7%、88.2 % ,两者有明显的协同作用 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　在体外实验中 ,TRAIL可通过诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡而产生抗膀胱肿瘤的作用 ;TRAIL与化疗药物ADM、MMC有协同抗肿瘤作用     

异丙酚对肿瘤坏死因子诱导的内皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的 评价异丙酚对肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)凋亡的影响.方法3～4代人脐静脉内皮细胞于融合状态,随机分为5组:①TNF-α组(P0+TNF-α);②12.5μmol/L异丙酚和TNF-α组(P12.5+TNF-α);③25μmol/L异丙酚和TNF-α组(P25+TNF-α);④50μmol/L异内酚和TNF-α组(P50+TNF-α);⑤100μmol/L异丙酚和TNF-α组(P100+TNF-α);TNF-α终末浓度为2000U/ml,各组先加入不同浓度的异丙酚孵育30min后再加入TNF-α共同培养24h。用DNA原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)技术检测细胞凋亡指数(AI),并用透射电镜观察细胞形态学改变。结果 肿瘤坏死因子组(P0+TNF-α)可见较多凋亡细胞,不同浓度的异丙酚预处理后再加入肿瘤坏死因子的各组(P12。5+TNF-α、P25+TNF-α、P50+TNF-α、P100+TNF-α细胞凋亡指数与肿瘤坏死因子组(P0+TNF-α)比较,均有明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且随异丙酚浓度的升高,AI逐渐减小,内皮细胞损伤明显减轻。结论 临床相关浓度的异丙酚可抑制TNF-α诱导的内皮细胞凋亡。     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体治疗肿瘤存在的问题及策略

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)是近几年发现的TNF超家族成员 ,为Ⅱ型跨膜蛋白 ,能与其受体(TRAILR)结合 ,启动细胞内的信号转导 ,激活Caspase级联反应诱导细胞凋亡。这种新发现的凋亡诱导途径有重要的生物学意义 ,尤其是在抗肿瘤方面具有选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞同时赦免正常细胞的作用 ,因而引起了人们的高度重视 ,认为有望找到一个全新的肿瘤治疗方法。然而 ,随着对TRAIL研究的深入 ,TRAIL治疗肿瘤可能存在的障碍不断出现 ,人们对TRAIL能否成为一个理想的抗癌新药提出质疑 ,现从TRAIL治疗肿瘤可能存在的问题作一综述 ,并…     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体及其受体与抗肿瘤治疗

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(ｔｕｍｏｒｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒｒｅｌａｔｅｄａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ ｉｎｄｕｃｉｎｇｌｉｇａｎｄ ,ＴＲＡＩＬ)是近几年发现的肿瘤坏死因子 (ｔｕｍｏｒｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＴＮＦ)超家族成员 ,为Ⅱ型跨膜蛋白 ,能与其受体 (ｔｕｍｏｒｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒｒｅｌａｔｅｄａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ ｉｎｄｕｃｉｎｇｌｉｇａｎｄｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ,ＴＲＡＩＬＲ)结合 ,启动细胞内的信号转导 ,激活半胱—天冬氨酸蛋白酶 (ｃｙｓｔｅｉｎｅｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇａｓｐａｒａｔｅｓｐｅｃｉ…     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体与胰腺癌及相关药物研究

自肿瘤坏死因子家族的新成员肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体被发现以来,它一直是近些年来在肿瘤研究方面的热点.本文综述了近些年肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体在胰腺癌方面的相关研究进展,从肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体诱导胰腺癌肿瘤细胞凋亡机制人手,简要介绍胰腺癌对肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体的耐药机制.并根据目前已认同的耐药机制...     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体诱导前列腺癌细胞凋亡的研究

目的 研究肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)对前列腺癌细胞的凋亡诱导作用。方法 10μg/L-100μg/L的TRAIL处理培养的PC-3M细胞4～24h后，采用Annexin-V荧光染色、透射电镜、原位末端转移酶标记技术(TUNEL)检测肿瘤细胞凋亡；流式细胞术和MTT比色检测凋亡率、细胞生长抑制率与TRAIL的时间、浓度依赖关系。结果10μg/L～100μg/L TRAIL作用4～24h，肿瘤细胞出现典型的凋亡形态学改变，随着TRAIL浓度的增加或药物作用时间的延长，肿瘤细胞凋亡率也增加，为13．8％～79．6％，同时细胞生长抑制率出现明显增加，药物作用8h为7．5％～37．9％，12h为16．7％～87．9％，24h为39．7％～97．6％。结论 TRAIL能够迅速和显著地诱导PC-3M细胞凋亡，可能成为晚期前列腺癌治疗的新方法。     

凋亡相关因子Smac、Livin与Caspase-3在骨肉瘤中表达及其意义

目的 观察人骨肉瘤组织中凋亡相关因子Smac、Livin和Cagpage-3表达,及其对骨肉瘤生物学行为影响.方法 采用免疫组织化学技术(SABC法)检测46例骨肉瘤组织中Smac、Livin及Cagpage-3蛋白表达,比较Smac、Livin表达与骨肉瘤主要临床病理参数的关系.结果 Smac、Livin及Cagpage-3基因在骨肉瘤中表达分别为29例(63.0%)、30例(65.2%)、32例(72.4%);Smac、Livin表达率与骨肉瘤组织学分级、WHO分型无关,与转移有关(P<0.05);骨肉瘤中Smac和Livin基因表达正相关(r=0.639,P<0.01),两者与Caspase-3表达无关.结论 凋亡相关因子Smac、Livin和Cagpage-3高表达于骨肉瘤中,可能通过影响细胞凋亡共同参与肿瘤发生发展.     

骨肉瘤与肿瘤坏死因子基因多态性相关性研究

目的 观察骨肉瘤患者肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)基因多态性,探讨骨肉瘤与TNF基因多态性的相关性.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析方法(PCR-RFLP) 对52例骨肉瘤患者与60例健康对照者TNF-α和TNFβ基因的NcoI酶切位点进行对比分析.结果 52例骨肉瘤患者TNF-α- 308位点G/G基因型频率(98%) 及G等位基因频率(99%) 显著高于正常对照组G/G基因型频率85.0%及G等位基因频率91.7%(P<0.05),TNF-β+252的基因型频率和等位基因频率与正常对照人群比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 TNFα基因多态性与骨肉瘤的发生具有相关性,TNFβ基因多态性与骨肉瘤的发生无明显相关.     

人可溶性TRAIL蛋白诱导骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 初步观察并探讨人重组可溶性TRAIL蛋白诱导MG-63骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的作用，并通过实验初步探讨TRAIL对肿瘤细胞的选择性杀伤作用。方法 MTT法测定TRAIL对MG-63细胞、MRC-5人肺二倍体细胞及L-02人肝细胞的抑制率；电镜观察与FACS分析TRAIL蛋白诱导MG-63骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的作用；用RT-PCR检测TRAIL受体在MG-63骨肉瘤细胞、MRC-5人肺二倍体细胞及L-02人肝细胞上的表达，并初步分析TRAIL诱导MG-63骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的机制。结果 MTT还原试验表明：作用24h后500ng/ml TRAIL的抑制率为10.1％，1μg/ml TRAIL的抑制率为24.3％，2μg/ml TRAIL的抑制率为50.6％，5μg／ml TRAIL的抑制率为95％以上，其半数抑制浓度为2μg/ml。而TRAIL对MRC-5人肺二倍体细胞株及L-02人肝细胞株无明显作用。细胞形态学观察显示：MG-63骨肉瘤细胞经TRAIL作用3～8h后即有部分细胞开始变小、变圆，24h后大量细胞变圆、脱落，漂浮于培养液中。透射电镜可观察到核固缩，染色质浓聚于核膜形成新月状小体。流式细胞仪检测显示2μg／ml的TRAIL处理MG-63骨肉瘤细胞6h，即可在二倍体峰前出现较明显的凋亡峰。结论 人可溶性TRAIL蛋白可以迅速地选择性杀伤MG-63骨肉瘤细胞，具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

Chemotherapy and surgery in a murine osteosarcoma.

Surgical and chemotherapeutic effects on pulmonary metastatic disease were evaluated in the MGH-OGS murine osteosarcoma. The tumor responded to three sequential injections of doxorubicin with prolonged growth delay but cisplatin administration (although given in doses sufficient to cause weight loss and significant mortality) was not effective in controlling local disease progression. Using a protocol with three injections of doxorubicin (0.006 mg/g of body weight), it was observed that disease-free survival was enhanced when one of the three doses of doxorubicin was given at the time of surgery (perioperatively). By marginally resecting the primary tumor and permitting its regrowth, a model was developed with recurrent primary and metastatic disease present simultaneously. It was observed in this model that amputation or resection of the recurrent primary lesion resulted in pulmonary metastatic growth acceleration. Using this recurrent primary tumor model, doxorubicin's effect on pulmonary metastatic lesions was enhanced when the drug was given at the time of amputation.     

新辅助化疗后肿瘤坏死率及碱性磷酸酶同工酶变化与预后的相关性研究

目的探讨骨肉瘤患者新辅助化疗后的肿瘤坏死率（TCNR）及碱性磷酸酶骨同工酶（BALP）变化与预后的关系。方法选取2003年1月至2007年3月初诊经活检病理诊断为骨肉瘤且排除转移的58例患者,术前常规新辅助化疗,根据对手术切除肿瘤标本的TCNR测定将患者分为两组（TCNR≥90％和〈90％）,分别随访两组患者的术后肺转移率和5年生存率并进行比较。同时检测患者在化疗前后及随访期间血清中BALP,并对检测结果进行分析。结果58例骨肉瘤患者中TCNR≥90％组为36例,〈90％组为22例,两组的术后肺转移率分别为16．7％和81．8％（x^2=12．156,P〈0．01）,5年生存率分别为72．2％和22．7％（x^2=8．125,P〈0．01）。化疗后BALP的下降比值与TCNR的升高呈正相关（r=0．735,P〈0．01）。随访期间肿瘤复发转移组与无瘤生存组BALP水平上差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论TCNR测定是评价骨肉瘤新辅助化疗反应较可靠方法,TCNR≥90％患者的远期转移率和生存时间明显优于TCNR〈90％患者。BALP是骨肉瘤血清学检查的高灵敏度指标,在骨肉瘤的治疗监测和预后的判断上有很高价值。TCNR和BALP两者同时检测可以提高预后精确性。     

Deep venous thrombosis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a patient with osteosarcoma: a case report

A 29-year-old man with an osteosarcoma of the left distal femur developed asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The thrombotic event occurred in the left common iliac vein and was revealed by pelvic computed tomography (CT). We successfully performed a limb salvage operation with placement of a permanent inferior vena cava filter. The thrombus spontaneously regressed without thrombolytic therapy after surgery. We should consider DVT in patients with musculoskeletal sarcomas who are under long-term hospitalization and immobilization associated with not only surgery but also chemotherapy. To screen for both metastasis and DVT, we recommend contrast-enhanced whole-body CT, including scans of the pelvis.     

微小RNA-146a在骨肉瘤中的表达及意义

目的 探讨微小RNA(miRNA,miR)-146a在骨肉瘤中表达的意义和miRNA-146a对骨肉瘤的作用机制.方法 实时定量聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)检测骨肉瘤标本和癌旁组织中miRNA-146a表达量,并采用Cox回归模型分析其与患者生存期的相关性.质粒转染miRNA-146a进入骨肉瘤细胞TE85中,检测转染后细胞活性、细胞凋亡和细胞中YY1、Fas蛋白的表达.结果 癌旁组织和骨肉瘤组织中miRNA-146a的表达量分别为1.213±0.525和0.734±0.263,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).miRNA-146a的表达量与患者的生存时间呈正相关(P＜0.05).转染miRNA-146a24 h后,50、100 nmol/L组人骨肉瘤细胞活性明显降低至(65.161±5.528)％和(40.385±8.442)％(P＜0.05),细胞凋亡率分别明显升高至(38.671±12.415)％和(59.513±9.058)％ (P＜0.05),细胞中YY1蛋白表达量明显降低(分别为0.472±0.014和0.272±0.005,P＜0.05),而Fas蛋白表达量明显升高(0.292±0.010、0.584±0.006,P＜0.05).转染miRNA-146a 48 h后,与对照组比较,50、100 nmol/L组人骨肉瘤细胞活性、凋亡率、YY1表达量和Fas蛋白表达量变化与转染24 h的变化相似.结论 miRNA-146a对骨肉瘤的作用是通过下调YY1的表达,而上调Fas蛋白的表达,抑制骨肉瘤细胞的增殖同时促进骨肉瘤细胞的凋亡.     

Calcaneal insufficiency fracture in a child with osteosarcoma after chemotherapy and limb-sparing surgery

We report a rare case of a calcaneal insufficiency fracture in an 11-year-old boy with an osteosarcoma of the right proximal tibia. After one course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 4 months, we performed limb-sparing surgery. The knee joint was replaced with a custom-made endoprosthesis and the knee extensor mechanism was reconstructed with a medial gastrocnemius muscle flap. Seven months postoperatively, he complained of pain in the right foot and a plain radiograph revealed a calcaneal insufficiency fracture. Osteoporosis induced by chemotherapy and change of forces transmitted to the calcaneus after reconstruction with a gastrocnemius muscle flap might contribute to this fracture. It is important to be aware of the rare clinical entity of insufficiency fracture for making an early diagnosis and for differentiating them from pathological fractures associated with malignancy.     

Marginal resection for osteosarcoma with effective preoperative chemotherapy

Objective: To present the clinical results of marginal resection with effective preoperative chemotherapy for treatment of osteosarcoma. Methods: Thirty‐eight patients (20 male and 18 female, average age 17 years), underwent marginal resection after confirmation of effective preoperative chemotherapy between 1999 and 2008 and the results were analyzed retrospectively. The distal femur was involved in 22 cases, proximal tibia in 11, proximal humerus in 4, and proximal fibula in 1. Thirty‐seven patients were stage IIB and one IIIB. Twenty‐nine patients were treated with the DIA, and 9 with the MMIA protocol. Twenty‐one patients underwent tumor resection and bone allograft transplantation. The epiphysis was preserved in 9 patients, and not in the other 12. Eleven patients underwent tumor resection and prosthetic replacement, and 4 tumor resection with autograft implantation. One patient underwent tumor resection and allograft with preservation of the epiphysis; another underwent marginal tumor resection only. Results: All patients received effective preoperative chemotherapy. At a median follow‐up of 52 months, local recurrence had developed in one patient (2.6% local recurrence rate). Pulmonary metastases developed in 9 patients (23.7%). Five patients died of metastases, one died of intracranial hemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia caused by postoperative chemotherapy. The overall 2‐year survival rate was 87.3%, and event‐free survival rate 75.5%. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 74.7%, and event‐free survival rate 60.8%. Excellent to good function of affected limbs was achieved in 60.5%. Conclusions: With careful preoperative evaluation and effective preoperative chemotherapy marginal resection of osteosarcoma can produce good results. Marginal resection of osteosarcoma should be performed by an experienced surgeon who is familiar with the limb salvage rules for osteosarcoma.     

Kinetic effects of adriamycin and bleomycin on two osteosarcoma models

Although chemotherapeutic drugs are frequently administered to patients with osteosarcoma, there has been little research into the effect of cytotoxic drugs on osteosarcoma cell biology. The effect of two drugs (Adriamycin and bleomycin) on cell cycle kinetics was investigated in vitro in an established line of human osteosarcoma cells and in vivo using the Dunn osteosarcoma model. The cell cycle changes were consistent with G2 arrest for both drugs in vivo and in vitro. The alteration in cell cycle distribution was correlated with inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation in vitro. In vivo, the greater change in cell cycle distribution caused by Adriamycin was reflected in the increased inhibition of tumor growth found with this drug.     

单中心四肢骨肉瘤311例预后分析

 目的 探讨单中心四肢骨肉瘤的治疗、预后及生存状况。方法 回顾性分析1998年至2008年间单中心收治的311例四肢骨肉瘤患者的病历资料,记录患者的基本资料、化疗、手术、并发症、肿瘤转移及预后情况,应用Kaplan-Meier、Cox regression 等统计学方法分析各变量与预后生存的关系。结果 311例四肢骨肉瘤患者,男206例,女105例;年龄5～56岁,平均18.6岁;上肢29例,下肢282例。282例获得广泛或根治性手术,保肢手术149例,截肢手术133例。术后64例患者发生各种并发症,其中17例出现2次以上的术后并发症,25例发生肿瘤局部复发。105例获得规范化疗,206例未获得规范化疗,5年生存率分别为57.4%和36.3%。肺转移患者(76例)和无肺转移患者5年生存率分别为16.8%和50.7%。Enneking 分期ⅡB期和Ⅲ期患者5年生存率分别为44.6%和33.1%。选择保肢手术和截肢手术患者的5年生存率分别为56.6%和31.8%,由于截肢患者中有较大的比例施行了不规范化疗以及其他混杂因素导致5年生存率明显降低。Cox回归分析显示化疗不规范和发生肺转移患者预后较差。结论 新辅助化疗联合肿瘤广泛或根治性手术切除可以挽救约60%青少年四肢骨肉瘤患者的生命,肺转移和不规范化疗严重影响患者的预后。