HPLC-DAD同时测定益心通胶囊中6种活性成分的含量

目的 建立HPLC同时测定益心通胶囊中葛根素、龙胆苦苷、阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、丹酚酸B和丹皮酚6种活性成分含量的方法。方法 采用XSELECT^TM HSS C₁₈色谱柱,流动相为乙腈（A）-0.2%磷酸水溶液（B）,梯度洗脱;柱温：30℃;流速：1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长：阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷和丹酚酸B为220 nm,葛根素为250 nm,龙胆苦苷和丹皮酚为275 nm。结果 葛根素、龙胆苦苷、阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、丹酚酸B和丹皮酚的线性范围分别为7.56~113.4 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）,4.36~65.4μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）,1.18~17.7 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）,1.90~28.5 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）,4.48~67.2 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）和11.7~175.5 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）,平均加样回收率分别为98.7%,97.8%,97.6%,98.6%,99.0%,98.7%,RSD分别为1.0%,1.3%,1.4%,1.1%,1.2%,1.3%。结论 本法专属性强,结果准确,重现性好,可用于益心通胶囊的质量控制。     

HPLC同时测定通脉颗粒中丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B、阿魏酸和葛根素的含量

目的 建立通脉颗粒中丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B、阿魏酸和葛根素的HPLC测定方法。方法 采用Welch Ultimate XD-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1%三氟乙酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,双波长检测（282,305 nm）,柱温35℃,流速1.0 mL·min^-1。结果 丹参素、丹酚酸B、原儿茶醛、葛根素和阿魏酸的线性范围分别为3.117~62.33 μg·mL^-1（r=0.998 7）,4.044~80.88 μg·mL^-1（r=0.9985）,1.280~25.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.997 9）,7.964~159.3 μg·mL^-1（r=0.992 8）,1.980~39.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）;平均回收率分别为101.6%（RSD=1.62%）,99.7%（RSD=1.76%）,97.4%（RSD=1.19%）,99.9%（RSD=1.52%）,102.2%（RSD=1.56%）。结论 该方法操作简便、快速,结果准确,可用于通脉颗粒的质量控制。     

UHPLC测定芎菊上清丸中9种成分含量及化学模式分析

目的 建立UHPLC波长切换法同时测定芎菊上清丸中9种成分的含量方法。方法 采用Agilent Ecilipse C₁₈（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.6 μm）色谱柱,流动相：甲醇-0.05%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为0.3 mL·min^-1;检测波长：327,237,320,345,278,254 nm;柱温30℃;进样量2 μL;并采用SPSS 22.0统计软件对含量测定结果进行主成分分析与聚类分析。结果 绿原酸、3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、栀子苷、甘草苷、阿魏酸、盐酸小檗碱、黄芩苷、升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷线性范围分别为4.30~68.80 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 0）、6.66~106.56 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、7.67~122.72 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）、4.88~78.08 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、2.37~37.92 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、6.50~103.92 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、8.85~141.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）、0.88~14.08 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）、0.74~11.92 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）;平均加样回收率（n=9）均在99.42%~103.10%,RSD均<2.0%。主成分分析与聚类分析均可将不同生产厂家的芎菊上清丸很好地分类,且分类结果一致。结论 所建立的多成分方法快捷、准确、重复性好,可用于芎菊上清丸的质量控制。     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定心神安胶囊中9种成分的含量

目的 建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定心神安胶囊中9种成分的含量。方法 采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈色谱柱,流动相乙腈（A）-0.1%甲酸溶液（B）,梯度洗脱;流速0.9 mL·min^-1;检测波长分别为320 nm[检测远志（口山）酮Ⅲ、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖]、203 nm （检测人参皂苷Rb₁、绞股蓝皂苷XLIX、绞股蓝皂苷XVⅡ）和254 nm （检测毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素）;柱温25℃。结果 远志（口山）酮Ⅲ、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖、人参皂苷Rb₁、绞股蓝皂苷XLIX、绞股蓝皂苷XVⅡ、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素分别在2.070~41.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、3.860~77.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）、11.29~225.8 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）、5.070~101.4 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、19.86~397.2 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 5）、1.280~25.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、0.960 0~19.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）、0.670 0~13.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）、2.580~51.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为98.04%,99.26%,99.05%,97.42%,100.0%,98.27%,97.81%,96.84%和99.86%,RSD分别为1.28%,0.82%,1.43%,1.43%,0.86%,1.26%,1.38%,1.16%和0.69%。结论 本方法操作简便、准确、重复性好,能够对心神安胶囊中9种成分进行同时含量测定,为提高和完善心神安胶囊的质量标准提供了有效方法。     

HPLC测定异维A酸有关物质

目的 建立HPLC测定异维A酸有关物质的方法。方法 色谱柱为NUCLEOSIL 100-3 C₁₈（4.6 mm×150 mm,3 μm）,以甲醇-水-冰醋酸（770：225：5）为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;柱温为25℃,检测波长为355 nm。结果 异维A酸峰与杂质H、I、维A酸、强制降解杂质峰分离良好;异维A酸、杂质H、I和维A酸的线性范围分别为0.000 545 5~21.82 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）,0.002 856~7.14 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 0）,0.002 789~6.97 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、0.017 07~22.76 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）;检测限分别为0.27,0.60,0.65,5.50 ng·mL^-1,定量限分别为0.55,2.85,2.80,17.00 ng·mL^-1;杂质H、I和维A酸的平均回收率分别为101.57%,102.02%,101.03%,RSD分别为0.5%,0.8%,1.5%。结论 建立的HPLC方法准确、专属性强,可用于异维A酸有关物质的测定。     

畲药食凉茶HPLC特征图谱和4种成分含量测定

目的 采用HPLC建立畲药食凉茶的特征图谱,并同时测定4种成分的含量。方法 以芦丁、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素和山柰素为对照品;采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,柱温30 ℃;乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长360 nm。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统对结果进行分析。结果 建立了食凉茶的特征图谱,确定5个共有峰。芦丁、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素和山柰素的线性范围分别为4.525~452.8 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）,8.096~809.6 μg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）,0.654~85.15 μg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）,2.048~ 136.6 μg·mL^-1 （r=1.000 0）;平均加样回收率分别为100.51%（n=6,RSD=0.43%）,100.19%（n=6,RSD=0.88%）,99.98%（n=6,RSD=0.77%）,100.26%（n=6,RSD=0.69%）。结论 所建立的特征图谱相关性强,可结合4种成分含量测定全面控制畲药食凉茶的质量,为其规范使用提供科学依据。     

GC测定克痢痧胶囊中的冰片、甲基丁香酚和丁香酚的含量

目的 采用GC测定克痢痧胶囊中的冰片、甲基丁香酚和丁香酚的含量。方法 采用GC直接进样,色谱柱为AgilentHP-INNOWAX毛细管柱,检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器,温度为250℃,采用程序升温,进样口温度为210℃;流速为1.2 mL·min^-1,分流比为15︰1,进样量为1 μL。结果 冰片、甲基丁香酚和丁香酚的线性范围分别是48.59~728.88 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999）;4.29~64.39 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999）和31.83~477.48 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999）,精密度、重复性和稳定性试验的RSD均≤2.17%,平均加样回收率分别是98.69%（RSD=0.3%）,93.10%（RSD=1.6%）和99.41%（RSD=0.5%）。结论 本方法操作简单、快速、准确性和重复性好,可用于克痢痧胶囊的质量控制。     

HPLC同时测定半夏糖浆中琥珀酸、橙皮苷、甘草苷3种成分的含量

目的 建立HPLC同时测定半夏糖浆中琥珀酸、橙皮苷、甘草苷3种成分的含量。方法 采用C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm）,以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液（18：82）为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长207 nm,柱温为常温。结果 3种待测成分分离度良好,阴性无干扰;3个成分线性范围分别为4.727~118.17 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）,2.474~61.857 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）,2.469~61.725 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）;琥珀酸、橙皮苷、甘草苷平均回收率（n=9）分别为100.8%,99.3%,100.2%,RSD分别为1.3%,1.2%,1.8%,3批中琥珀酸、橙皮苷、甘草苷含量范围分别为0.072 2~0.079 4、0.029 9~0.034 8,0.022 8~0.029 0 mg·mL^-1。结论 该方法操作简单,缩短了分析时间,重复性好,可为半夏糖浆质量控制提供参考。     

GC测定白芍总苷原料药中有机溶剂残留

目的 采用GC同时测定白芍总苷原料药中乙醇、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇3种残留溶剂。方法 检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）,色谱柱为Agilent DB-624石英毛细管柱（30 m×0.53 mm,3.0 μm）,溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）,程序升温。结果 3种残留溶剂均能完全分离,乙醇、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇分别在24.60~491.98 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）,21.01~420.25 μg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）,23.37~467.48 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,检测限分别为0.002 37%,0.000 08%和0.000 63%。结论 该方法简单可靠,灵敏度高,可用于白芍总苷原料中的残留溶剂控制。     

芥辛化痰通窍巴布剂的质量标准研究

目的 建立芥辛化痰通窍巴布剂的质量标准。方法 对芥辛化痰通窍巴布剂中白芥子、延胡索、甘遂和细辛采用TLC定性鉴别;采用HPLC对芥子碱硫氰酸盐、延胡索乙素和细辛脂素进行定量测定。结果 薄层色谱法鉴别斑点清晰,分离度好,阴性无干扰;芥子碱硫氰酸盐在20.2~202.0 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）、延胡索乙素在1.312~20.992 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）和细辛脂素在1.925~38.500 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）内与峰面积的线性关系良好;芥子碱硫氰酸盐的平均回收率为99.06%,RSD=2.20%;延胡索乙素的平均回收率为98.66%,RSD=2.35%;细辛脂素的平均回收率为99.75%,RSD=1.74%。结论 该法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于芥辛化痰通窍巴布剂的质量控制。     

基于数据库挖掘以血管紧张素转化酶2为靶点治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的潜在中药成分

目的 利用中药数据库寻找抑制血管紧张素转化酶2（ACE2）治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的潜在中药成分。方法 借助SYMMAP、TCMID、ETCM数据库,以ACE2为搜索词,筛选中药成分及中药材,利用GCBI平台来筛选与靶点相关的炎症因子,得到相关疾病及核心网络图。将ACE2输入到STITCH数据库中,查询阳性对照药物。运用Sybyl（2.0）软件处理受体,中药成分与阳性对照药均和ACE2（1R42）及新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）3CL pro（6LU7）进行对接分析。应用Swiss ADME平台为对接结果较好的中药成分和阳性对照药构建雷达图。结果 从数据库中找到7种具有抑制SARS-CoV-2潜在活性的中药成分和相关中药材。网络分析图中连接基因数最多的是CXCR4基因,它涉及到细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用、趋化因子信号通路可能是发挥治疗COVID-19的潜在机制。分子对接的结果表明,2'',4'',3,4-四羟基查尔酮、葛根素与SARS-CoV-2相关蛋白结合最好。结论 2'',4'',3,4-四羟基查尔酮等中药成分可能是治疗COVID-19的潜在成分。     

Effects of local anesthetics on calmodulin-dependent guanylate cyclase in the plasma membrane of Tetrahymena pyriformis

A highly purified preparation of Tetrahymena calmodulin activated a membrane-bound guanylate cyclase by more than 40-fold. This activation of guanylate cyclase by calmodulin was inhibited completely by local anesthetics such as dibucaine, tetracaine, lidocaine and procaine at concentrations that had no appreciable effect on the activities of basal guanylate cyclase (without calmodulin) and adenylate cyclase. The inhibition by dibucaine of calmodulin-mediated activation of the enzyme activity was not reversed by calcium but was partially overcome by increasing the concentration of calmodulin. Kinetic analysis of local anesthetic-induced inhibition of activation of guanylate cyclase demonstrated a mixed type of antagonism. These results suggest the possibility that the inhibition of calmodulin-dependent guanylate cyclase resulted, in part, from interaction of the drugs with calmodulin.     

Autophagy,mitochondria and 3-nitropropionic acid joined in the same model

Huntington''s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the huntingtin protein. Although the precise mechanism by which neuronal degeneration occurs is still unclear, several elements are important to its development: (1) altered gene expression and protein synthesis, (2) mitochondrial damage and (3) improper regulation of the autophagy programme. In this issue of British Journal of Pharmacology, Galindo and co-workers provide the first evidence for a role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy activation. In a model of cell death induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) in human neural cells, the authors describe clear functions for mPTP and Bax, but not the mitochondrial fusion/fission machinery, mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy (mitophagy). This commentary summarises the significance of this relationship and suggests several points for future development.     

Age related changes in cardiac and aortic phosphodiesterase activities in normotensive and hypertensive rats.

The activities of cAMP¹ and cGMP phosphodiesterase were studied in the aorta (freed of adventitia layer) and in the heart (ventricles) of normotensive and mincralocorticoid hypertensive rats of 8 or 16 weeks of age. The enzyme activities were determined at low (1 μM) and high (100 μM) substrate concentrations. The changes in activity were compared to the changes in organ weight, protein and DNA content. The increase in organ weight that occurred with both age and hypertensive treatment corresponded mostly to a marked elevation in protein content in the aorta, but not in the heart, where the DNA content increased without any significant variation in protein content. In both tissues. eGMP phosphodiesterase activity measured at low substrate concentration was sensitive to endogenous Ca²⁺-dependent activation and markedly increased with age. This increase was proportionally larger than the variations in DNA content of the tissues, but lower than those of total protein in the aorta. It could not be ascribed to an increase in the activator content of the tissues, which was in excess. By contrast. cGMP phosphodiesterase activity measured at high substrate concentration and cAMP phosphodiesterase activity, measured at either substrate concentration, were not sensitive to the Ca²⁺-dependent activation and did not undergo large changes with age except for a significant decrease in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity at high substrate concentration per mg heart cytosol protein. No relationship could be found between the elevation of blood pressure, due to age or to the influence of the mineralocorticoid treatment, and phosphodiesterase activities, which varied in a similar manner in control and hypertensive rats. The results are consistent with the view that a cGMP phosphodiesterase. which is sensitive to Ca²⁺-dependent endogenous activation, increases in aorta and heart cells with the age of the rat.     

Stimulatory effect of ionophores on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content in human mononuclear leukocytes

Ionophores A23187 and bromo-lasalocid ethanolate enhanced the cyclic AMP content in human mononuclear leukocytes. The maximum effect of A23187 with a 10-min incubation was found with 0.3–1.0μM concentrations with or without l-isoproterenol (1 μM) or prostaglandin E ₁ (pge ₁) (0.3 μM). The maximum effect after 5 min of incubation at 37° was observed with 0.05, 0.2 and 1 μm A23187. The effect of ionophore A23187 was enhanced by both aminophylline (1 mM) and isobutyl-methylxanthine (1 mM). Calcium (1 mM). aspirin (1 mM) and indomethacin (100 μM) decreased the stimulatory action of A23187. Bromo-lasalocid ethanolate increased cyclic AMP content in cells maximally at a 3 μM concentration with or without 0.3 μM pge ₁.     

Effects of phenothiazines on the membrane-bound guanylate and adenylate cyclase in tetrahymena pyriformis

The particulate-bound guanylate cyclase activity of Tetrahymena pyriformis was shown previously to be Ca²⁺-dependent and to be activated by an endogenous calmodulin-like protein (Tetrahymena Ca²⁺-binding protein, TCBP) [S. Nagao, Y. Suzuki, Y. Watanabe and Y. Nozawa, Biochem. biophys. Res. Commum.90, 261 (1979)]. Phenothiazine derivatives, such as chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine, that interact with calmodulin were found to inhibit the Ca²⁺-dependent guanylate cyclase activity and the TCBP-induced activation of the guanylate cyclase activity. Ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a Ca²⁺ chelator, also inhibited the activation of guanylate cyclase. However, the mechanisms by which EGTA and trifluoperazine act were different. The EGTA-induced inhibition could not be overcome by increasing the concentration of TCBP, whereas the trifluoperazine-induced inhibition could be overcome by increasing the concentration of TCBP, but not by increasing the concentration of Ca²⁺. These findings suggest that the mechanism by which trifluoperazine inhibits the activation of guanylate cyclase involves competition with TCBP.     

2',4'-二羟基-3'-甲基-3-甲氧基查耳酮上调p21抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞的生长

目的 探讨2'',4''-二羟基-3''-甲基-3-甲氧基查耳酮(C20)对人肝癌HepG2细胞的体外抗肿瘤作用及其潜在的作用机制。方法 通过CCK-8法、集落形成实验、5-乙炔基-2''-脱氧尿苷(EdU)染色法检测C20对人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的影响;通过彗星实验检测C20(10 μmol·L^-1)对HepG2细胞DNA损伤的影响;通过流式细胞术检测C20(5、10 μmol·L^-1)对HepG2细胞周期阻滞的影响;通过Hoechst染色和流式细胞术检测C20(5、10 μmol·L^-1)对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响。借助Western blotting法检测C20(5、10 μmol·L^-1)处理对HepG2细胞中与凋亡、DNA损伤、细胞周期阻滞相关蛋白表达水平的调控作用。结果 与对照组比较,C20显著抑制HepG2细胞的活力(P<0.001),给药48 h的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为7.937 μmol·L^-1;5 μmol·L^-1 C20能够显著抑制HepG2细胞的集落形成能力(P<0.01);EdU染色结果显示5、10 μmol·L^-1的C20能够抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞的增殖能力;5、10 μmol·L^-1的C20显著诱导HepG2细胞G₂/M期阻滞(P<0.001);5、10 μmol·L^-1的C20显著促进HepG2细胞凋亡(P<0.001),并显著上调Caspas-3、Caspase-9以及PARP的剪切水平(P<0.01);10 μmol·L^-1的C20能够诱导HepG2细胞发生DNA损伤,并且5、10 μmol·L^-1的C20显著上调γH2AX、p21的蛋白水平(P<0.01)。结论 C20能够造成HepG2细胞发生DNA损伤,上调p21蛋白水平,导致细胞G₂/M期阻滞,并进一步诱发凋亡,发挥体外抗肝癌作用。     

三维HPLC法同步测定犬血浆中的葛根素及阿魏酸

以对 羟基苯甲酸为内标 ,甲醇 水 醋酸 (5 6 2 5mol/L ) (39∶5 8∶3 ,v/v)为流动相 ,InertsilODS 3色谱柱 (15 0mm× 4 6mm ,5 μm)为固定相 ,流速 0 9mL/min。以二极管阵列检测器同时获取 2 48nm和 32 1nm两个波长下的数据 ,并通过三维图观察其紫外吸收定性 ,以沸水浴法处理血浆样品。结果 :葛根素和内标及阿魏酸分离完全 ,葛根素在 0 2 35 4～ 1 883μmol/L范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 9943) ,变异系数 <10 % ,平均回收率为 10 1 0 2 % ,最低检测限为 0 33ng ,最低检测浓度为 0 0 396 μmol/L;阿魏酸则在 1 0 341～ 5 35 6 μmol/L范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 9942 ) ,变异系数 <10 % ,平均回收率为 10 0 88% ,最低检测限为 0 45ng ,最低检测浓度为1 115 9μmol/L。此法可用于不同波长下同步以内标法测定血浆中两种或多种成分     

HPLC测定当归中1-(3',4'-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-cyclopentane-2,3-diol的含量

目的 建立HPLC测定当归中1-（3'',4''-dihydroxycinnamoyl）-cyclopentane-2,3-diol含量的方法。方法 采用Inertsil ODS-3 C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.05%三氟乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长为325 nm,柱温为30℃。结果 1-（3'',4''-dihydroxycinnamoyl）-cyclopentane-2,3-diol进样量在0.023 36~1.168 0 μg（r=1.000 0）内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为95.33%,RSD为1.88%。结论 该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可为当归药材的质量控制提供参考。