提取-共沸精馏耦合技术与水蒸气蒸馏法提取中药挥发油比较研究

目的:考察提取-共沸精馏耦合技术(WER)与水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)对白术、桂枝混合挥发油得率的影响,确定最佳方法和工艺条件。方法:分别以正交试验法优选WER与SD提取中药挥发油的最佳工艺,采用配对T检验法评价两种提取方法对混合挥发油得率是否有显著差异,并对两种方法所提挥发油进行GC、HPLC分析和比较。结果:WER最佳提取工艺为浸泡3 h、提取6 h、加水量10倍; SD最佳提取工艺为浸泡3 h、提取6 h、加水量8倍。WER比SD提取白术、桂枝混合挥发油得率显著提高,桂皮醛与白术内酯Ⅰ含量也明显提高。结论:WER提取挥发油显著优于SD。优选的提取方法及工艺可为葶苈生脉组方中白术、桂枝挥发油的提取提供依据。     

提取-共沸精馏耦合技术提取白术、桂枝挥发油工艺优化

目的优化提取-共沸精馏耦合技术提取白术、桂枝挥发油工艺。方法以浸泡时间、提取时间、加水量为影响因素,挥发油提取率及桂皮醛、白术内酯Ⅰ总量的综合评分为评价指标,正交试验优化提取工艺。结果最佳条件为浸泡时间3 h,提取时间6 h,加水量10倍,挥发油提取率为0.96%,桂皮醛、白术内酯Ⅰ总量分别为7 072、3.03 mg,综合评分为1.02。结论该方法稳定可靠,可用于提取-共沸精馏耦合技术提取白术、桂枝挥发油。     

葶苈生脉口服液中挥发油的稳定性研究

目的验证环糊精包合技术能否有效提高中药制剂中挥发油成分的稳定性。方法提取葶苈生脉组方中白术、桂枝的挥发油,以包合工艺处理所得挥发油制得挥发油包合物,并参与制剂制备葶苈生脉口服液。对所得制剂进行稳定性考察,以桂枝、白术挥发油主要活性成分桂皮醛和白术内酯的含量或最大成分量的变化为指标,衡量制剂中包合后的挥发油与未包合的挥发油的稳定性。结果包合后的挥发油较之未包合的挥发油,其桂皮醛和白术内酯的含量在考察期间比较稳定。结论羟丙基-β-环糊精包合能有效提高葶苈生脉制剂中挥发油成分的稳定性。     

β-环糊精包合葶苈生脉方中白术桂枝混合挥发油的工艺研究

目的研究β环糊精(β-CD)包合白术、桂枝混合挥发油的最佳工艺。方法采用正交试验法,以挥发油包合率、包合物收得率及包合物含油率为指标,优选饱和水溶液法包合挥发油的最佳工艺;采用薄层色谱法(TLC)和紫外分光光度法(UV)对包合物进行鉴别分析。结果饱和水溶液法包合白术、桂枝混合挥发油的最佳工艺条件是:挥发油与β-CD投料比为1∶6,包合时间为3 h,包合温度为40℃。结论此包合工艺简单、易行,能有效的保留白术、桂枝中挥发油成分,为葶苈生脉方的工业生产提供科学依据。     

指标正交试验法优选双桂祛寒颗粒挥发油提取工艺

目的:优选出双桂祛寒颗粒挥发油的最佳提取工艺,提高该处方挥发油提取效率。方法:水蒸气蒸馏法提取,采用正交试验和多指标综合加权评分法,以藁本内酯、桂皮醛和挥发油得率为考察指标,对影响挥发油提取工艺的浸泡时间(A)、加水量(B)、提取时间(C)3个因素进行L9(34)正交试验优选研究。结果:挥发油提取的最佳工艺条件为加12倍水,浸泡15 min,提取6 h。结论:优选出的挥发油提取工艺参数合理,稳定可行,为双桂祛寒颗粒的研制提供理论依据。     

白术中白术内酯Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ提取工艺优选

目的:优选白术中3种内酯类成分的提取工艺。方法:采用HPLC测定白术内酯Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ含量,流动相乙腈(A)-水(B)梯度洗脱(0~16 min,60%~76%A;16~18 min,76%~100%A;18~30 min,100%A),双波长检测220 nm(白术内酯Ⅰ,Ⅲ)和276 nm(白术内酯Ⅱ)。以白术内酯Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ提取率为指标,通过单因素试验筛选提取方式,利用正交试验考察乙醇体积分数、溶剂用量、提取时间及提取次数对白术提取工艺的影响。结果:最佳提取方式为乙醇温浸法,最佳工艺条件为加6,4,4倍量90%乙醇于40℃温浸提取3次,提取时间依次为1.5,1.0,1.0 h。白术内酯Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ的提取率分别为92.62%,92.39%,93.06%。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定可行,白术中3种内酯类成分的提取率高。     

舒乳凝胶贴提取工艺优选

目的:优选舒乳凝胶贴的提取工艺.方法:以浸膏量和桂皮醛含量为评价指标,HPLC测定桂皮醛含量,选取浸泡时间,加水量,提取时间为影响因素,采用正交试验设计法优选舒乳凝胶贴的提取工艺.结果:优选得到的舒乳凝胶贴提取工艺为浸泡0.5h,加8倍量水提取5.5h,收集挥发油.结论:该工艺浸膏和桂皮醛得率均高,适合于工业生产.     

白术水煎液制备工艺优选及炒制对水煎成分的影响

目的:优选白术水煎液最佳提取工艺,在此基础上研究炒制对白术水煎液中成分溶出的影响.方法:以白术内酯Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ含量和水溶性总糖的含量综合评分为指标,采用L9(34)正交设计法优选白术水煎液最佳制备工艺.并按优选条件分别制备白术、清炒白术和土炒白术水煎液,比较各水煎液中总糖、白术内酯Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ的含量及煎出率.结果:优选的最佳水煎工艺条件为14倍量水,煎煮3次,每次1h.炒后白术水煎液中总糖含量、白术内酯Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ总含量均明显增高,与生品相比有极显著差异;在总糖含量指标上,土炒品明显高于清炒品.结论:白术与辅料土共同加热炮制后更有利于其化学成分煎出.     

扶本增脉颗粒剂中挥发油的提取工艺研究

目的：探讨扶本增脉颗粒剂中挥发油的混合提取最佳工艺路线。方法：采用正交设计实验,以挥发油总重量及桂皮醛提取率为指标评价提取工艺,以确定优化的提取工艺。结果：挥发油的最佳提取工艺条件是：药材混合加10倍量水、浸泡1.5h、加热至沸腾回流7h。结论：按上述工艺条件提取本制剂中的挥发油最为合理。     

正交试验优选平唐复方的醇提工艺和水提工艺

目的:优选平唐复方醇提工艺和水提工艺。方法:选择提取时间、乙醇体积分数和乙醇用量为考察因素,以藁本内酯、桂皮醛、甲基丁香酚转移率及干膏得率的综合评分为指标,采用正交试验优选醇提工艺。选择浸泡时间、加水量和提取时间为考察因素,葛根素、阿魏酸转移率及干膏得率的综合评分为指标,通过正交试验优选水提工艺。结果:最佳醇提工艺为当归、桂枝和细辛药材加8,6倍量50%乙醇提取2次,每次0.5 h;藁本内酯、桂皮醛及甲基丁香酚转移率分别为72.8%,70.5%,82.3%,干膏得率27.8%。最佳水提工艺为醇提后的药渣与葛根药材浸泡30 min,加12倍量水提取3次,每次0.5 h;葛根素和阿魏酸转移率分别为60.28%和21.89%,干膏得率18.43%。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定可行,醇溶性和水溶性有效成分提取率高,为平唐复方的药效评价提供了实验依据。     

Constituents from ethyl acetate extract from canes of Entada phaseoloides

目的 对榼藤Entada phaseoloide藤茎醋酸乙酯部位的化学成分进行研究.方法 综合运用硅胶、反相硅胶RPC18、Sephadex LH-20等色谱法进行分离,NMR、MS等波谱学方法进行结构鉴定.结果 从榼藤藤茎甲醇提取物的醋酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到了11个化合物,通过波谱分析鉴定为表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(1)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(2)、落新妇苷(3)、木犀草素(4)、(一)-表儿茶素(5)、甘草苷(6)、β-香树脂醇(7)和日耳曼醇(8)的混合物、没食子酸(9)、β-谷甾醇(10)、胡萝卜苷(11).结论 所有化合物均为首次从榼藤中分离得到,其中化合物1～9在榼藤子属植物首次报道.     

儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘治疗体会

咳嗽变异性哮喘,又称为过敏性咳嗽、过敏性哮喘,是以慢性咳嗽为主要临床表现的一种哮喘的潜在形式。以哮述其本,以咳名其状。临床表现为持续或反复咳嗽超过1个月,常伴夜间或清晨发作性咳嗽,痰少,运动后加重。临床无感染表现,或经较长时间抗生素治疗无效,用支气管扩张剂可使咳嗽发作缓解。治疗应审因辨证,综合治疗。     

从养生思想看《素问》对《老子》的继承

根据大多数人的观点,《素问》的成书要晚于《老子》,我们在读《素问》时就可以发现,《素问》里面有明显的《老子》的痕迹。当然,《素问》的原貌不得而知,我们今天看到的《素问》是经过王冰编次整理了的,这＂王冰版＂的《素问》自然就带有王冰的特点,他自称是＂弱龄慕道夙好养生＂,所以重视养生就成了王冰版《素问》的一个特点,他将主要讲述养生的篇章放在最前面,就是明证。而《老子》中富含的养生思想已是众所周知,     

Cassane furanoditerpenoids from the seed kernels of Caesalpinia bonduc from Thailand

Three new cassane furanoditerpenoids ( 1- 3), together with 13 known cassane diterpenes ( 4- 16), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the seed kernels of Caesalpinia bonduc. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, mainly NMR and MS. Compounds 1- 3 exhibited good antimalarial activity against the multidrug-resistant K1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, while compound 4 was inactive. None of the compounds were cytotoxic against any of the tumor cell lines tested.     

Trinervitene diterpenes from soldiers of two Nasutitermes species from French Guyana

Methanolic extracts of soldiers of Nasutitermes guayanae and N. surinamensis have been shown to contain complex mixtures of diterpenes and monoterpenes. Eighteen diterpenes have been isolated and identified; twelve of them are previously known nasute termite diterpenes, while six are new trinervitene diterpenes. 2alpha,9beta-Dihydroxy-3beta,8beta-oxido-1(15)-trinervitene has been isolated from N. guayanae, while 3alpha,14alpha-diacetoxy-2beta-hydroxy-1(15),8(19),9-trinervitatriene, 14alpha-acetoxy-2beta,3alpha-dihydroxy-1(15),8(19),9-trinervitatriene, 2beta,3alpha-diacetoxy-11beta,14alpha-dihydroxy-1(15),8(19)-trinervitadiene, 9alpha,14alpha-diacetoxy-2beta,3alpha-dihydroxy-1(15),8(19)-trinervitadiene, and 2beta,9alpha,14alpha-triacetoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-1(15),8(19)-trinervitadiene have been isolated from N. surinamensis. Their structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic properties.     

beta-triketones from myrtaceae: isoleptospermone from leptospermum scoparium and papuanone from corymbia dallachiana

Naturally occurring beta-triketones, isoleptospermone [3, 5-hydroxy-4-(2-methyl-1-oxopentyl)-2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-4-cyclohexene-1,3-dione) from Leptospermum scoparium] and papuanone [6, 5-hydroxy-4-(1-oxohexyl)-2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-4-cyclohexene-1,3-dione from Corymbia dallachiana], have been synthesized. Full spectral data are reported for the first time. The 13C NMR spectra of 3, 6, and the other triketones flavesone (2), leptospermone (4), and grandiflorone (5) found in Myrtaceous plants are fully assigned.     

Antiprotozoal activity of Jatrogrossidione from Jatropha grossidentata and Jatrophone from Jatropha isabellii

The activity of jatrogrossidione, the main diterpene of Jatropha grossidentata and jatrophone from Jatropha isabellii was determined against Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi strains in vitro as well as against Leishmania amazonensis in vivo. Jatrogrossidione showed a strong in vitro leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity with IC₁₀₀ of 0.75 and 1.5–5.0 μg/mL, respectively. Under similar conditions, the IC₁₀₀ of glucantime, ketoconazole and pentamidine towards Leishmania strains were >100, 50–100 and 1 μg/mL, respectively. The IC₅₀ of jatrogrossidione was <0.25 μg/mL against amastigote forms of Leishmania infecting macrophages, with toxicity at concentrations higher than 0.5 μg/mL. BALB/c mice infected with L. amazonensis strain PH 8 were treated 24 h after infection with jatrogrossidione and jatrophone for 13 consecutive days. Jatrophone at 25 mg/kg/day subcutaneously administered was significantly active ( p <0.05) against the virulent strain PH 8 of L. amazonesis ; it was more active than Glucantime at 112 mg Sb^v per kg/day. Subcutaneous administration of jatrophone, however, proved to be too toxic under our assay conditions. Assays of single local treatment on the footpad infection 2 weeks after inoculation of L. amazonensis indicated that jatrogrossidione and jatrophone were inactive at the selected doses.     

从脾胃论治消渴病浅识

消渴是以多尿、多饮、多食、乏力、消瘦,或尿有甜味为主要临床表现的一种疾病。从古至今,各医家学者对消渴病因病机的论述呈多元化,治则方药也颇多。本文试从中焦之脾胃理论来讨论其病因病机及其治疗原则。     

从脾论治糖尿病探析

目的：从中焦脾胃理论探讨糖尿病的病因病机及治则。方法：从糖尿病现代医学发病机理、临床症状、诱发因素、脾胃生理功能探讨糖尿病的病因病机。结果：糖尿病患者的临床症状谱已发生了巨大的变化,“三多一少”症状不明显,神疲乏力,少气懒言等症状较突出,脾虚成为糖尿病的基本病机。结论：脾虚是糖尿病的病理基础,脾化失司、脾胃升降失调是糖尿病的基本病机,益气健脾、升清降浊是糖尿病的治疗大法。     

健康的词源学考释

从词源学角度对"健""康""健康"进行中文和西文含义的考释,通过梳理中西医学对健康概念的表达及其含义演变的过程,进一步讨论中医学在健康管理方面的优势。