磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B信号转导通路在胰蛋白酶激活中性粒细胞中的作用

目的:探讨胰蛋白酶对中性粒细胞磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/PKB)信号转导通路的激活作用及PI3K抑制剂对其的影响。方法:应用Western blot技术检测特定浓度胰蛋白酶(40nmol/L)作用中性粒细胞后及应用PI3K抑制剂Wortmannin和LY294002后的p-PKB活化情况;同时应用ELISA及RT-PCR技术检测细胞培养液及中性粒细胞内TNF-α、IL-1β蛋白和mRNA的变化。结果:40nmol/L胰蛋白酶作用中性粒细胞后p-PKB的水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01);TNF-α和IL-1β蛋白的表达也出现了同样的趋势;预先应用Wortmannin或LY294002后完全阻断了胰蛋白酶对中性粒细胞p-PKB的激活作用,与胰蛋白酶刺激组比较差异显著(P<0.01);TNF-α和IL-1β蛋白及mRNA也随着p-PKB活性的抑制而表达减弱。结论:胰蛋白酶能够激活中性粒细胞内PI3K/PKB信号传导通路,Wortmannin及LY294002可以抑制胰蛋白酶对此通路的激活。     

CTGF诱导的人胚肺成纤维细胞转分化中PI3K/Akt与p38MAPK磷酸化的关系

目的 探讨结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)诱导的人胚肺成纤维细胞(HFL-I)转分化中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)通路的活动状态以及相关性的研究.方法 将体外培养的HFL-I分成4组:(1)CTGF处理组(20 ng/ml);(2) LY294002(10 μmol/L)预处理60min,再行CTGF刺激(20 ng/ml):(3)SB203580 (10 μmol/L)预处理60 min,再行CTGF刺激(20 ng/ml); (4)LY294002(10 μmol/L)和SB203580(10 μmol/L)联合作用60 min,再加入CTGF(20 ng/ml).选取不同时相点,Western blot测定平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)、p-Akt和Akt的蛋白表达:RT-PCR检测PI3K和p38MAPKmRNA表达.结果 与对照组相比,CTGF诱导15 min后p-Akt水平升高,30 min时达至顶峰(P＜0.01).CTGF诱导24h后α-SMA表达显著升高(P＜0.01),可被LY294002阻断.LY294002和SB203580单独或联合预处理后,显著抑制CTGF诱导的p-Akt活化(P＜0.01).结论 CTGF诱导的成纤维细胞-肌成纤维细胞转分化中有PI3K/Akt通路的激活,PI3K和p38MAPK均可以调节Akt的活性,其特异性抑制剂均可阻断Akt的磷酸化.     

p38 MAPK对冲击波促进T淋巴细胞增殖和分泌IL-2的作用

目的：研究有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶p38（p38 MAPK）对冲击波促进激活的T淋巴细胞增殖及分泌IL-2的作用。方法：预先用p38 MAPK抑制剂( SB203580,20 μmol•L^-1)分别与人外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）和Jurkat T细胞共同培养,同时设立不含SB203580的阴性对照组,再用冲击波和PHA或抗-CD3/抗-CD28抗体的亚刺激量作用,检测T淋巴细胞增殖和分泌IL-2的变化。采用免疫印迹法,用抗- p38MAPK抗体及抗-磷酸化的p38MAPK(Thr180/Tyr182)抗体,测定冲击波作用后Jurkat T细胞上的p38 MAPK的表达及磷酸化。结果：与未用冲击波作用组比较,被PHA激活的PBMC细胞,在能量密度为(0.180±0.015) mJ•mm^-2的冲击波作用100、150、200、250、300、330和360次时,细胞对³H-TdR掺入量明显增高（P<0.01）。加入SB203580的PHA激活的PBMC细胞,在上述同样强度的冲击波作用时,细胞对³H-TdR掺入量低于没有加入SB203580对照组（P<0.01）。与未受冲击波作用组比较,被CD3和CD28激活的Jurkat T细胞,在上述同样强度的冲击波作用时,细胞上清液中的IL-2活性明显增高（P<0.01）。加入SB203580的CD3和CD28激活的Jurkat T细胞,在该强度的冲击波作用时,细胞上清液中的IL-2水平低于比未加入SB203580的对照组（P<0.01）。50～250次的(0.180±0.015)mJ•mm²的低能冲击波可使Jurkat T细胞的p38MAPK磷酸化, p38MAPK的磷酸化程度随着冲击波作用次数的增加而增加。结论：SB203580可抑制低能冲击波对激活的T淋巴细胞的增殖及分泌IL-2作用;低能冲击波通过激活T淋巴细胞内的p38 MAPK,促进激活的T淋巴细胞增殖及分泌IL-2。     

SB203580减轻体外循环肺组织炎症介质产生的实验研究

目的 研究体外循环肺组织中P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(P38 MAPK)的变化对肺组织炎症反应的作用及其机制.方法 54只SD大鼠随机分为3组:全麻开胸组(S组)、体外循环组(CPB组)、体外循环+SB203580组(SB组).不同时间段处死动物,留取标本,Western blotting检测肺组织中P38 MAPK、磷酸化P38 MAPK.EMSA检测核因子(NF)-κB的DNA结合活性变化,ELIASA分别检测TNF-α和IL-1β产量.结果 CPB组磷酸化P38MAPK较S组增加.NF-κB活性水平也较S组明显增加,肺组织中TNF-α和IL-1β产量增加.SB203580减轻了肺组织中磷酸化P38MAPK活性水平,减少了肺组织中炎症闪子的产生.结论 (1)P38MAPK通过影响NF-κB的激活而参与体外循环术后肺组织炎症因子的产生;(2)SB203580通过阻断P38MAPK的激活而减轻体外循环术后肺炎症因子的产生.

Abstract：

Objective To examine the changes in P38MAPK during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the effect of SB203580, a specific P38MAPK inhibitor, on CPB-induced pulmonary inflammatory response. Metholds Fifty-four SD rats were randomized into 3 groups (each=18), namely sham CPB group, CPB group, and SB203580 group in which rats underwent CPB with SB203580 pretreatment. The lungs were excised immediately after the rats were sacrificed at scheduled time points and p38, nuclear factor-κB (NF-ΚB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected. Results The activities of P38 MAPK and NF-ΚB were significantly increased in CPB group as compared with those in sham CPB group. CPB resulted in increased TNF-α and IL-1β production in the lung tissues. Administration of SB203580 prevented up-regulation of lung phosphorylated P38 MAPK, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine productions in the lung tissues. Conclusion P38 MAPK is activated in the lung tissue during and after CPB to affect the activation of NF-κB in the lung; SB203580 selectively inhibits P38 MAPK activation to reduce proinflammatory cytokine production after CPB.     

LY294002抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的影响

目的 探讨低氧环境下PI3K抑制剂2-(4-吗啉基)- 8-苯基- 4氢-1-苯并吡喃- 4-酮(LY294002)对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/丝氨酸苏氨酸激酶(Akt)信号通路、细胞生长、细胞凋亡及低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)mRNA表达的影响.方法 应用LY294002作用于低氧环境中的人胃癌SGC-7901细胞(低氧+LY294002组),采用CCK-8试剂盒检测SGC-7901细胞生长;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡百分比;Western blotting检测PI3K和p-Akt蛋白表达;RT-PCR检测HIF-1α mRNA表达.以低氧环境中未加LY294002的细胞作为对照(低氧组).结果 LY294002能抑制低氧环境中SGC-7901细胞增殖,抑制效果在药物作用后第2～6天时最为明显(P＜0.05),低氧+LY294002组中细胞凋亡百分比明显高于低氧组(P＜0.01).LY294002能明显抑制PI3K、p-Akt蛋白以及HIF-1α mRNA的表达,与低氧组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 LY294002能抑制低氧环境中人胃癌SGC-7901细胞生长,促进细胞凋亡,抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路及其下游HIF-1α mRNA的表达.     

IL-15对HaCaT细胞增殖的影响及机制研究

目的观察白介素-15(IL-15)对人皮肤角质形成细胞(HaCaT)增殖的影响及其可能机制。方法培养HaCaT细胞,不同剂量IL-15刺激不同时间后,MTT法分析IL-15对HaCaT细胞增殖的影响。Western blot分析IL-15在HaCaT细胞中激活的信号通路:丝裂原蛋白活化激酶-胞外信号调节激酶(MAPKs-ERK1/2)和磷脂酰肌醇激酶-丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(PI3K-AKT)。在IL-15刺激HaCaT细胞前1h,分别加入MAPKs-ERK1/2和PI3K-AKT信号传导特异性抑制剂(PD98059和LY294002)以阻断IL-15激活的相关信号通路,分析阻断剂对IL-15调控HaCaT细胞增殖的影响。结果 MTT分析结果显示:IL-15显著促进HaCaT细胞增殖,且具有时间及剂量依赖性;信号通路分析揭示IL-15能够增加pERK1/2及pAKT的水平;使用阻断剂的研究显示IL-15部分依赖MAPKs-ERK1/2和PI3K-AKT途径发挥其促进增殖作用。结论 IL-15部分依赖MAPKs-ERK1/2和PI3K-AKT信号途径促进HaCaT细胞增殖。     

FKN、PI3K及NF-κB对人外周血单个核细胞IL-6表达的的影响及缬沙坦的干预作用

目的探讨不规则趋化因子Fractalkine(FKN)、磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)、核因子κB(NF-κB)对外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)IL-6表达的影响及缬沙坦的干预作用,研究FKN影响IL-6表达的信号转导机制。方法利用密度梯度离心法分离健康人外周血单个核细胞,将提取的PBMC分为7组:空白对照组、FKN组、LY294002组(PI3K抑制剂)、PDTC组(NF-κB抑制剂)、FKN+缬沙坦组、FKN+LY294002组、FKN+PDTC组,后二组在FKN诱导PBMC细胞前分别由LY294002、PDTC预处理。各组PBMC分别在12 h和24 h后,用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法检测各组细胞培养液中的IL-6表达。结果培养12 h后,与对照组比较,FKN组IL-6明显降低(P<0.05),LY294002组和PDTC组无明显差异(P>0.05);与FKN组比较,FKN+缬沙坦组IL-6明显降低(P<0.05),FKN+LY294002组IL-6明显升高(P<0.05)、FKN+PDTC组IL-6明显降低(P<0.05)。培养24 h后,各组IL-6表达无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 FKN对人外周血单个核细胞IL-6的表达具有双向调节作用,通过PI3K途径抑制IL-6的表达,而通过NF-κB途径促进IL-6的表达,总体上FKN可以抑制IL-6的表达。缬沙坦可增加FKN抑制IL-6表达的作用。     

Study on the impact of IL-15 on proliferation of HaCaT cells

目的 观察白介素-15(IL-15)对人皮肤角质形成细胞(HaCaT)增殖的影响及其可能机制.方法 培养HaCaT细胞,不同剂量IL-15刺激不同时间后,MTT法分析IL-15对HaCaT细胞增殖的影响.Western blot分析IL-15在HaCaT细胞中激活的信号通路:丝裂原蛋白活化激酶-胞外信号调节激酶(MAPKs-ERK1/2)和磷脂酰肌醇激酶-丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(PI3K-AKT).在IL-15刺激HaCaT细胞前1 h,分别加入MAPKs-ERK1/2和PI3K-AKT信号传导特异性抑制剂(PD98059和LY294002)以阻断IL-15激活的相关信号通路,分析阻断剂对IL-15调控HaCaT细胞增殖的影响.结果 MTT分析结果显示:IL-15显著促进HaCaT细胞增殖,且具有时间及剂量依赖性;信号通路分析揭示IL-15能够增加pERK1/2及pAKT的水平;使用阻断剂的研究显示IL-15部分依赖MAPKs-ERK1/2和PI3K-AKT途径发挥其促进增殖作用.结论 IL-15部分依赖MAPKs-ERK1/2 和PI3K-AKT信号途径促进HaCaT细胞增殖.     

抵抗素通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路诱导H9c2心肌细胞肥大机制研究

目的探讨抵抗素激活磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)信号通路诱导H9c2心肌细胞肥大的分子机制。方法取生长状态良好的H9c2心肌细胞,使用含1 g·L~(-1)胎牛血清的高糖达尔伯克改良伊格尔培养基(DMEM)处理24 h使其细胞同步化后进行不同干预。随机将H9c2心肌细胞分为Con组、R50组、LY294002+R50组和LY294002组,Con组为空白对照;R50组细胞应用50μg·L~(-1)抵抗素处理48 h组;LY294002+R50组细胞预先应用PI3K/Akt通路抑制剂LY294002干预2 h后再用50μg·L~(-1)抵抗素处理46 h;LY294002组细胞应用PI3K/Akt通路抑制剂LY294002处理2 h组。4组心肌细胞加含药物DMEM培养48 h后进行细胞面积、单细胞蛋白质合成量测定,Western blot检测心肌细胞α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、原癌基因c-myc蛋白及PI3K/Akt非磷酸化及磷酸化水平表达。观察抵抗素(50μg·L~(-1))处理细胞不同时间(0、1、2、3 h)后运用Western blot测定磷酸化(p-Akt)的蛋白表达水平,检测抵抗素处理1 h后4组心肌细胞PI3K/Akt信号通路磷酸化表达水平。结果抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞0、1、2、3 h组p-Akt蛋白表达水平分别为0.60±0.26、0.71±0.67、0.52±0.32、0.51±0.32;与0 h组比较,抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞1 h组p-Akt蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.01);与1 h组比较,抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞2、3 h组pAkt蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.01);抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞2 h与处理3 h后H9c2心肌细胞中p-Akt蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞48 h后,与Con组比较,R50组、LY294002+R50组心肌细胞面积、单细胞蛋白含量及α-SMA蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),而LY294002组其心肌细胞面积、单细胞蛋白含量及α-SMA蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与R50组比较,LY294002+R50组、LY294002组心肌细胞面积、单细胞蛋白含量及α-SMA蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05);与LY294002+R50组比较,LY294002组心肌细胞面积、单细胞蛋白含量及α-SMA蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。Con组、R50组、LY294002+R50组、LY294002组c-myc蛋白表达水平分别为0.45±0.30、0.68±0.32、0.56±0.33、0.16±0.20,4组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=178.91,P<0.05);与Con组比较,抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞48 h后,R50组c-myc蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.05);而LY294002+R50组c-myc蛋白表达水平较Con组、LY294002组升高但低于R50组(P<0.05)。经抵抗素处理H9c2心肌细胞3 h后,R50组PI3K/Akt信号通路磷酸化水平较Con组、LY294002+R50组、LY294002组显著升高(P<0.05),其余各组PI3K/Akt信号通路磷酸化水平表达比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论抵抗素通过激活PI3K/Akt通路,提高Akt磷酸化水平来诱导H9c2心肌细胞肥大。     

CD4+T细胞中IL-18激活的NF-κB信号通路与PBC发病机制的相关性研究

目的 探讨白细胞介素(IL)-18及其活化的CD4+T细胞中核转录因子kappa B(NF-κB)信号通路与原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)发病机制的相关性.方法 采用荧光定量PCR、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、流式细胞术、免疫磁珠分选及细胞培养、Western bolt等方法,分别检测贵州省人民医院32例PBC患者(PBC组)及32名健康人(健康对照组)外周血单个核细胞IL-18 mRNA、血浆IL-18、CD4+T细胞表面IL-18Rα、CD4+T细胞增殖率及其NF-κB信号通路中IκBα及NF-κB p65蛋白.结果 PBC组血浆中IL-18水平明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05);PBC组IL-18 mRNA的相对表达量较健康对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).PBC组表达IL-18R的CD4+T细胞百分率高于健康对照组(P<0.05).经IL-18刺激PBC组CD4+T细胞增殖率明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01).给予IL-18刺激后,各组中IκBα蛋白相对表达量相均有所下降、NF-κB p65蛋白相对表达量均有所上调,且PBC组更加明显(P<0.01).结论 IL-18通过激活CD4+T细胞中NF-κB信号通路参与PBC的发病.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.