不纯性心房纤颤(扑动)与左、右心房扩大的关系

目的 探讨不纯性心房纤颤(简称不纯性房颤)或不纯性心房扑动(简称不纯性房扑)与左、右心房扩大的关系.方法 在67例患者体表12导联心电图上V1导联以颤动波(扑动波)为主,当中夹以短暂的扑动波(颤动波)诊断为不纯性房颤(房扑).每个患者的左、右心房均经彩色超声心动图检查.结果 67例患者的双心房内径均在32 mm以上,无l例在30 mm以下.其中37例双房内径均在41 mm以上,61 mm以上左心房23例、右心房3例.在44例不纯性房颤中41～100 mm左心房40例、右心房22例.在23例不纯性房扑中,41～100 mm左心房21例、右心房9例,且无1例超过61 mm.结论 在不纯性房颤(房扑)中,左、右心房均增大,左房增大更多.     

射频消融的延迟效应及其临床意义(附2例报道)

目的评价射频消融阵发性室上性心动过速的延迟作用及其临床意义.方法 2例顽固性阵发性室上性心动过速患者住院行射频消融术.例1女性,15岁,预激综合征,体表心电图及心内电生理检查示左侧旁路.例2男性,体表心电图正常,心内电生理检查证实为左侧房室旁路.结果在消融放电时,2例患者的房室旁路均可被阻断,但都因停止放电后旁路多次复发而致术中消融失败.例1术后一天预激消失,例2术后第七天重复心内电生理检查无旁路传导.平均随访7个月无心动过速复发.结论射频能量对心脏的作用,不仅发生在释放能量的当时,而且可延迟到术后一段时间.     

典型逆钟向心房扑动特征性扑动波的电解剖研究

目的 通过对典型逆钟向心房扑动(房扑)左右心房的电解剖标测,阐明其体表扑动波的产生机制.方法 2012年10月至2014年2月于南京医科大学第一附属医院住院患者中入选15例典型逆钟向房扑患者,平均年龄(60±14)岁,男性14例,女性1例.对15例患者进行心脏超声检查、电生理检查及三维标测系统指导下的双心房激动标测,观察体表扑动波的形成与左右心房心内膜激动模式的关系.结果 15例患者的平均左心室射血分数为(60.8±6.6)％,平均左心房内径为(39.0±3.4)mm,平均扑动周期为(220±24) ms,均完成房扑节律下右心房、左心房的电解剖重建.在下壁导联,可将体表扑动波分为3个部分:缓慢下降区,快速下降区及终末正向成分,分别对应心腔内右心房峡部、间隔由下而上和左心房激动及右心房游离壁由上而下的激动.左心房激动始于快速下降区,终于终末正向成分.结论 典型逆钟向房扑体表扑动波与其特殊的大折返激动组成部分一一对应,是其特征性激动模式的心电反映.左心房激动参与了扑动波中下降部分的形成.     

与肌袖电活动相关的短阵心房扑动的心电图和心内电生理研究

选择体表心电图表现为短阵心房扑动 (简称房扑 )的阵发性心房颤动 (简称房颤 )病例 ,结合心内电生理标测和导管射频消融大静脉肌袖电隔离的结果 ,探讨短阵房扑与心脏大静脉肌袖和房颤的关系。 2 3例阵发性房颤 ,心电图和动态心电图表现为短阵发作的房扑的患者入选本研究 ,2 3例中有 17例进行了心内电生理标测 ,有 14例标测到短阵房扑和房颤 ,其中单纯短阵房扑发作 8例 ,短阵房扑触发房颤 6例 ,均提示短阵房扑为起源于大静脉肌袖的快速电活动所驱动 ,其中肺静脉 10根 ,上腔静脉 4根 ,均进行了相关肌袖的导管射频消融电隔离治疗 ,成功 13例。结论 :短阵房扑的发生机理是大静脉肌袖的快速电活动所驱动 ,这种机制与阵发性房颤的发生有密切关系 ,短阵房扑可能是房颤由肌袖电活动触发的特征性心电图表现 ,导管射频消融电隔离是治疗这一心律失常的有效方法。     

窦房折返性心动过速的射频消融治疗(附二例报告)

报道２例窦房折返性心动过速（ＳＮＲＴ）的电生理特点及射频消融结果。男、女各１例,两例患者心动过速发作时体表心电图１２导联Ｐ波形态与窦性心律时相同,心内电生理检查证实为ＳＮＲＴ。采用激动顺序标测,心动过速发作时于右房高侧壁记录到心房最早激动,且与窦性心律时激动顺序相同,成功消融靶点部位Ａ波分别早于体表心电图Ｐ波５０和３０ｍｓ。以１５～３０Ｗ输出功率消融６０～１２０ｓ均成功。随访２～６个月无心动过速发作,窦房结功能正常。比较有效消融和无效消融的靶点特征,提示提前、增宽及碎裂的Ａ波可作为消融靶点。根据笔者初步经验认为射频消融治疗ＳＮＲＴ是安全有效的。     

特发性左室流出道室性心律失常的心电图特点

探讨特发性左室流出道室性心律失常患者的心电图特点。对 7例特发性左室流出道室性早搏 (简称室早 )、室性心动过速 (简称室速 )患者进行心电图分析 ,并行心内电生理检查及射频消融治疗 ,同时对 10例预激综合征患者成功消融房室旁道后行主动脉瓣上及瓣下起搏 ,记录同步 12导联起搏心电图。对比分析两组病例体表心电图QRS波图形特点。结果 :7例左室流出道室早、室速患者经心内电生理检查证实 6例起源于冠状动脉窦内 ,1例起源于左室流出道主动脉瓣右瓣下方 ,所有患者经射频消融成功治疗室性心律失常。对照组 10例在主动脉瓣下起搏(其中 6例同时在主动脉瓣上起搏 )获得同步 12导联起搏心电图。两组病例体表心电图共同特点为 :QRS波额面电轴向下 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联主波向上 ,QRS波在V2 或V3 前移行为Rs或R型。结论 :左室流出道为特发性室早、室速发生部位之一 ,体表心电图有其独特性 ,导管射频消融治疗安全有效。     

起源于右心耳局灶性房性心动过速电生理特点及射频消融

目的探讨起源于右心耳局灶性房性心动过速（RAAT）心电图、电生理特点及射频消融。方法138例经射频消融治疗的局灶性房性心动过速（房速）中有7例（5．0％）起源于右心耳,通过10极冠状静脉窦（CS）电极导管、高位右心房（HRA）电极导管、希氏束（HBE）电极导管和消融导管（ABL）记录其电生理检查结果、靶点位置,并记录和观察体表心电图房性P波形态（正向、负向、低平和双向）。结果7例RAAT患者平均年龄为（41．1±19．6）岁,病史（5．4±4．0）年,其中男性4例,女性3例。房速持续性4例,阵发性2例,通过心房程序刺激诱发1例。体表心电图房性P波形态特征：所有患者V,导联P波负向,绝大多数下壁导联P波正向或双向,胸前导联P波由负向逐渐变为正向。心内电生理检查提示房速时HRA处A波最早,有效消融靶点较体表心电图P波提前（38．4±12．6）ms。6例患者消融成功,其中4例使用盐水灌注消融导管,随访3～12个月无房速复发,未见并发症发生。结论RAAT相对少见（5．0％）,有特殊的心电图和心内电生理表现,盐水灌注消融导管能提高消融成功率,远期效果好。     

起源于上腔静脉的心房颤动的电生理特点及射频消融

目的探讨上腔静脉起源的心房颤动(房颤)的临床及电生理特点。方法回顾过去2年来我中心经电生理证实的起源于上腔静脉的房颤病例,分析其体表心电图及心腔内电生理特点。结果期间共16例患者(男/女=12例/4例,平均年龄53·4±10·6岁,阵发性/持续性房颤=11例/5例)经电生理证实房颤起源于上腔静脉,占同期接受导管消融病例的2·9%(16/545)。16例患者中,仅2例可以根据体表心电图诊断房颤为上腔静脉起源,此2例在上腔静脉隔离后房颤终止。另外14例体表心电图不典型者,先行左心房消融后,继续右心房标测过程中见上腔静脉驱动,隔离上腔静脉后房颤终止、不被诱发。隔离上腔静脉的平均放电次数6±2次,平均操作时间10±3min。上腔静脉-右心房之间肌束连接平均为3±1束。随访期间仅1例于术后3个月时出现心房扑动样发作。术后除1例出现右侧股静脉穿刺点血肿外,无其他并发症。结论上腔静脉可为肺静脉、左心房之外重要的房颤起源部位。对于心电图不典型者,完成左心房消融后如房颤不终止或易被诱发,则应考虑到上腔静脉起源的可能。     

预激综合征合并完全性房室阻滞的诊断及治疗

目的 报道5例预激综合征合并完全性房室阻滞患者的诊断和治疗。方法 进行心内电生理检查和射频消融旁路。结果 电生理检查未诱发房室折返性心动过速，心房刺激时体表心电图的预激程度无变化。消融阻断旁路前传后，均示完全性房室阻滞。4例患者在消融术后植入永久性起搏器．随访中无心房颤动发作。1例患者放弃对旁路的消融治疗。结论 预激综合征合并完全性房室阻滞是射频消融的适应证。消融前对房室传导功能的评定十分重要。成功消融旁路后应植入永久性起搏器。     

误诊室上性心动过速并差异性传导的特发性左心室心动过速的临床及电生理特点

目的总结特发性左心室心动过速（ILVT）的体表心电图形态特点和电生理特点，探讨其误诊室上性心动过速（PSVT）并差异性传导（室上速并差传）的原因及两者的鉴别要点。方法选择进行了心内电生理和成功的导管射频消融术证实为ILVT且术前曾误诊为PSVT并差传的病例13例，回顾性分析ILVT的临床、体表心电图、心内电生理特点及导管射频消融治疗，对比分析PSVT并差传的心电图特点。结果ILVT和PSVT并差传的体表心电图均呈宽QRS形心动过速，伴有右束支传导阻滞（RBBB）或伴类RBBB特征。ILVT的心电轴左偏或重度右偏。其QRS波群呈类RBBB图形，V1导联有“兔耳征”者11例，13例均呈I、V5、V6的s波宽但顶峰呈尖锐状，不粗钝无明显切迹，V6导联R／S〈1者12例。起源于心室间隔部及左室心尖部9例，其体表心电图上Ⅱ、Ⅲ、avF均以S波为主，起源于左室流出道和左室游离壁近心底部4例，其Ⅱ、Ⅲ、avF以R波为主。电生理特点：13例均可诱发及中止，室速时呈VA分离或1：1VA传导、2：1VA传导，心室刺激可拖带心动过速。用激动标测与起搏标测方法标测靶点进行射频消融治疗全部获得即刻成功，2例术后复发。结论体表心电图鉴别Ⅲ和PSVT并差传有其独特性和局限性，电生理检查是明确诊断的手段，导管射频消融治疗为首选治疗方法。     

Mechanisms of atrial tachyarrhythmias following surgical atrial fibrillation ablation

INTRODUCTION: Typical and atypical atrial flutters (AFLs) and atrial tachycardias (ATs) have been reported in patients with prior surgical atrial fibrillation ablation. The underlying mechanisms for this group of atrial tachyarrhythmias have not been well characterized and the efficacy of catheter ablation in their treatment is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty patients (6 females) with a surface ECG diagnosis of AFL or AT following surgical atrial fibrillation ablation underwent 26 electrophysiology studies. Patients manifesting sustained, organized, and beat-by-beat reproducible atrial electrical activity underwent complete right and left atrial catheter mapping and catheter ablation. One patient had no inducible tachyarrhythmia, while 5 patients had nonmappable arrhythmias. Nineteen of the 31 potentially mappable atrial tachyarrhythmias were completely characterized in 14 patients. The underlying mechanisms were macro-reentrant left AFL (n = 9), focal left AT (n = 3), typical right AFL (n = 6), and atypical right AFL (n = 1). Of the 19 completely characterized atrial arrhythmias, catheter ablation was performed for 18, and the procedure was successful for 13 of these. After a mean follow-up of 15 +/- 10 months, 15 of 20 patients (75%) were in sinus rhythm including 10 of 13 patients (77%) with AT/flutter ablation. Ten patients, including 6 following ablation, were maintaining sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic medications. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with an ECG diagnosis of AFL or AT following surgical atrial fibrillation ablation may have multiple tachycardia mechanisms with the right or left atrium as the site of origin. Many of these rhythms may resolve with further maturation of surgical atrial fibrillation ablation (SAFA) lesions or be treatable with antiarrhythmic medication. However, persistent tachyarrhythmias can often be treated successfully with catheter mapping and ablation.     

Mechanisms of atypical flutter wave morphology in patients with isthmus-dependent atrial flutter

Sixty-three episodes of isthmus-dependent atrial flutter (AFL) in 55 patients were studied to characterize variations in flutter wave morphology and to investigate the mechanisms of the atypical flutter waves on surface ECG. The activation patterns of coronary sinus (CS) and their relationship with flutter wave morphology on the ECG were analyzed. In 46 episodes of counterclockwise AFL (CCW-AFL), there were four types of flutter waves on ECG. Typical and atypical flutter waves were found in 47.8% and 13.0% of the episodes, respectively. Atypical flutter waves had broad positive terminal portion or entirely positive wave in the inferior leads and in V₁, with a distal-to-proximal or fused activation pattern in the CS, and an average activation time of 21.3 ± 11.4 ms. In 17 episodes of clockwise AFL (CW-AFL), typical and atypical flutter waves were identified in 41.2% and 41.2%, respectively. Atypical flutter waves had negative waves in the inferior ECG leads and in V1, a proximal-to-distal activation pattern in the CS, and an average activation time of 42.4 ± 14.4 ms. We conclude that atypical flutter waves are common in the isthmus-dependent AFL. The clockwise or counterclockwise conduction in the right atrium, and the activation patterns or conduction sequences between the right and the left atrium, are associated with the variations in the flutter wave morphology on body surface ECG.     

心内膜导管射频消融致心律失常作用的研究

通过分别比较１０条犬右房和左室导管射频消融前后的电生理检查结果和８０例房室旁道病人射频消融前后的电生理检查、心电监测和晚电位检查结果，探讨心内膜导管射频消融是否具有近期致心律失常作用。１０条犬消融前和消融后７日右房有效不应期分别为１４３±２５和１４１±２８ｍｓ（Ｐ＞０．０５），左室有效不应期分别为２３１±５６和２３７±７４ｍｓ（Ｐ＞０．０５），均未诱发出房性心动过速、心房扑动、心房颤动、室性心动过速、心室颤动等心律失常。８０例病人消融后即刻电生理检查没有诱发出上述快速心律失常；消融后随访３个月，共行２４小时心电监测３次均未发现新的心律失常，晚电位检查均为阴性。表明采用导管射频消融术治疗室上性快速心律失常没有近期的致心律失常作用，是一种相对安全的介入性治疗方法。     

Simultaneous occurrence of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

INTRODUCTION: Early reports suggested that some patients with "atrial fibrillation/flutter" might have atrial fibrillation in one atrium and atrial flutter in the other. However, more recent conceptions of atrial fibrillation/flutter postulate that the pattern is due to a relatively organized (type I) form of atrial fibrillation. We report the occurrence and ECG manifestations of simultaneous atrial fibrillation and flutter in patients undergoing attempted catheter ablation of atrial flutter. METHODS AND RESULTS: In patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation for atrial flutter, an attempt was made to entrain atrial flutter by pacing in the right atrium. The arrhythmias observed occurred following attempts at entrainment, or spontaneously in one case. Twelve transient episodes of simultaneous atrial fibrillation and flutter were observed in five patients. The atrial fibrillation was localized to all or a portion of one atrium, during which the other atrium maintained atrial flutter. In each case, the surface 12-lead ECG reflected the right atrial activation pattern. No patients had interatrial or intra-atrial conduction block during sinus rhythm, suggesting functional intra-atrial block as a mechanism for simultaneous atrial fibrillation/flutter. CONCLUSION: In certain patients, the occurrence of transient, simultaneous atrial fibrillation and flutter is possible. In contrast to prior studies in which it was suggested that left atrial or septal activation determines P wave morphology, the results of the present study show that P wave morphology is determined by right atrial activation. Functional interatrial block appears to be a likely mechanism for this phenomenon.     

Predictors of failure of transoesophageal cardioversion of common atrial flutter.

BACKGROUND: Common atrial flutter is due to a re-entry circuit in the right atrium. It is possible to entrain and interrupt this arrhythmia with transoesophageal pacing (TEAP) in a substantial percentage of patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors associated with failure of transoesophageal cardioversion of common atrial flutter. METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients underwent an attempted transoesophageal cardioversion of their common atrial flutter. In order to detect factors associated with failure of this procedure, the following were considered: (a) age and gender; (b) underlying heart disease; (c) time of onset of the arrhythmia; (d) antiarrhythmic treatment at the time of cardioversion; (e) flutter cycle length, (f) A/V deflection ratio at the site of transoesophageal pacing; and (g) longitudinal and transverse diameters of right and left atrium on the echocardiogram. RESULTS: In 84 of 100 patients, TEAP modified the atrial flutter circuit: in 23 of these, sinus rhythm was restored; in 31 patients, flutter was converted into atrial fibrillation which spontaneously reverted to sinus rhythm; and in remaining 30 patients, persistent atrial fibrillation was obtained. In 16 cases, no modification in atrial flutter circuit was obtained by TEAP (Group 2). Using univariate analysis, this group of patients showed no significant difference in flutter cycle length, a smaller A/V ratio at the site of TEAP, a longer transverse diameter of left atrium and a shorter transverse diameter of right atrium. Analysis of the therapy at cardioversion shows that no Group 2 patients was on intravenous amiodarone, while a greater percentage of patients of the former group was on chronic amiodarone treatment. A logistic regression model applied to the data showed that flutter cycle length, transverse diameter of left atrium and A/V deflection ratio at the site of TEAP were independent variables with influence on the failure rate. CONCLUSION: Transoesophageal pacing is able to modify the circuit of common atrial flutter in a large percentage of patients, and can convert this arrhythmia to sinus rhythm in more than 50% of cases. Failure of this procedure is associated with electrophysiological parameters (flutter cycle length, A/V ratio at the site of TEAP), anatomical factors (left and right atrial diameters) and treatment in use at the time of TEAP.     

典型心房扑动的经导管射频消融治疗

回顾分析 35例典型心房扑动 (简称房扑 )患者电生理检查和射频消融治疗的临床结果。心内激动标测显示沿三尖瓣环 (TA)逆钟向折返性房扑 2 7例 ,顺钟向折返 2例 ,同时存在二种折返 6例。 8例行TA峡部拖带起搏者均呈隐匿性拖带 ,起搏后间期与房扑周长差值为 1± 4(- 3～ 5 )ms。采用TA峡部双线性消融、后峡部或 /和间隔峡部消融的方法治疗所有患者均成功。 15例以房扑不能再诱发为手术终点 ,随访 10例 ,3例复发 ,复发率 30 % ;2 0例达到TA峡部双向阻滞 ,随访 19例 ,1例复发 ,复发率 5 % ,两组比较P <0 .0 5。随访的 2 9例中 ,7例发生心房颤动 (简称房颤 ) ,发生率 2 4%。与无房颤发作者相比 ,合并器质性心脏病、心房扩大和有房颤病史者的比例明显增加 (6 / 7比 9/ 2 2 ,6 / 7比 4/ 2 2和 7/ 7比 2 / 2 2 ,均P <0 .0 5 )。结果表明 ,心内激动标测结合拖带起搏技术可确定典型房扑的诊断 ,后峡部或间隔峡部消融是治疗房扑的有效方法 ,以TA峡部双向阻滞为手术终点较房扑不能被再诱发为终点可明显降低复发率。房扑消融术后发生房颤与合并器质性心脏病、心房扩大和术前存在房颤有关     

Variable electrocardiographic characteristics of isthmus-dependent atrial flutter

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to characterize variations in flutter-wave (F-wave) morphology among patients with clockwise isthmus-dependent (CWID) and counterclockwise isthmus-dependent (CCWID) right atrial flutter (AFL) and to attempt to correlate F-wave morphology with echocardiographic data and clinical patient characteristics. BACKGROUND: Variations in F-wave morphology on surface electrocardiogram (ECG) during CCWID and CWID flutter have been reported but never systematically characterized. METHODS: Over a four-year period, 139 patients with AFL on ECG underwent electrophysiologic study and echocardiography at our institution. Electrocardiographic data, intracardiac recordings, echocardiographic data, and patient characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 156 AFLs evaluated, 130 were CCWID, 26 were CWID. Three types of CCWID flutter were observed: type 1 had purely negative F-waves inferiorly, types 2 and 3 had F-waves inferiorly with small (type 2) or broad (type 3) positive terminal deflections; CCWID flutter types 2 and 3 were associated with higher incidence of left atrial (LA) enlargement, heart disease, and atrial fibrillation (Afib) than type 1. Two types of CWID flutter were observed: type 1 had notched positive F-waves with a distinct isoelectric segment inferiorly. Type 2 had broader F-waves inferiorly with positive and negative components and a short isoelectric segment. CONCLUSIONS: Variable ECG patterns for CCWID and CWID AFL exist. A positive component of the F-wave in the inferior leads during CCWID flutter is associated with an increased likelihood of heart disease, Afib, and LA enlargement.     

Acute and long-term results of radiofrequency ablation of common atrial flutter and the influence of the right atrial isthmus ablation on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute success rate and long-term efficacy of radiofrequency ablation of common type atrial flutter (AFL) by using a standardised anatomical approach in a large series of patients and to assess the influence of right atrial isthmus ablation on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. There are no large scale prospective or retrospective multicentre studies for radiofrequency ablation of AFL. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population consisted of 363 consecutive patients with AFL (mean age 58+/-16 years, 265 men) who underwent radiofrequency ablation at the inferior vena cava-tricuspid annulus (IVC-TA) isthmus using a standardised anatomic approach. Bidirectional isthmus block at the IVC-TA was achieved in 328 patients (90%). Following radiofrequency ablation, 343 patients (95%) were followed for a mean of 496+/-335 days. During the follow-up period, 310 patients (90%) remained free of AFL recurrences. Multivariate analysis identified five independent predictors of AFL recurrence: fluoroscopy time (p<0.001), atrial fibrillation after AFL ablation (p=0.01), lack of bidirectional block (p=0.02), reduced left ventricular function (p=0.035) and right atrial dimensions (p=0.046). Atrial fibrillation occurrence was significantly reduced after AFL ablation (112 in 343 patients, 33%) as compared to occurrence of atrial fibrillation before radiofrequency ablation (198 in 363 patients, 55%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The current anatomical ablation approach for AFL and criteria for evaluation of the IVC-TA isthmus block is associated with an acute success rate of 90% and a long-term recurrence rate of 10%. Radiofrequency ablation of common AFL results in a significant reduction in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.     

典型心房扑动射频消融术后发生心房颤动患者的心房电生理特性

分析典型心房扑动(简称房扑)射频消融术后发生心房颤动(简称房颤)患者的心房电生理特性,探讨心房内传导时间在房颤发生中的意义。56例典型房扑患者,其中19例有器质性心脏病,16例在消融前有房颤发作。所有患者均进行常规的电生理检查及标测,记录消融前后心房的电生理参数。根据消融术后随访是否有房颤的发生分为两组进行分析。结果:56例房扑患者全部消融成功,随访14±12(6～60)个月,中位数14个月。消融术后15例有房颤发作,其中3例进展为慢性房颤。15例有房颤发作患者的年龄较无房颤发作的患者大(57.1±13.6岁vs42.3±11.2岁,P<0.05),消融术前和术后的高右房至冠状窦的传导时间延长(分别为98.4±17.1msvs67.8±16.5ms;93.1±18.4msvs70.2±19.7ms;P均<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析消融前有房颤发作的病史(危险比2.3,95%CI1.425～4.632,P=0.02)和窦性心律下高右房至冠状窦的传导时间超过90ms(危险比1.7,95%CI1.215～3.758,P=0.03)是预测射频消融术后发生房颤的独立的危险因素。结论:典型房扑射频消融术后发生房颤患者心房内传导延迟,并且房内传导延迟是预测射频消融术后发生房颤的重要电生理指标。     

法洛四联症术后房性心动过速的临床特点及射频导管消融

目的观察法洛四联症（TOF）根治术后心房扑动（房扑）的临床特点及消融长期随访结果。方法选择2004年1月至2012年5月间,因TOF根治术后并发房扑于阜外心血管病医院行射频消融治疗的11例患者,收集相关资料并进行随访。结果共11例患者入选,TOF根治术后出现房扑的时间为9—32（19．5±6．5）年,消融时的平均年龄为31～47（39．3±5．8）岁,术中共对15种房扑进行了标测,8例表现为单纯围绕三尖瓣环折返的房扑,5例为单纯围绕右心房瘢痕的房扑,2例为同时围绕三尖瓣环及右心房瘢痕的“8”字型折返。单纯围绕三尖瓣环折返的房扑患者与瘢痕相关性房扑患者相比,右心室较小[（27．3±2．8）mm对（38．4±10．9）mm,P=0．039]。术后经过（56．7±26．7）个月的随访,有3例患者再发房扑并接受再次消融,长期成功率为72．7％。结论TOF根治术后患者房扑的发病时间晚,瘢痕相关l生房扑的比例较高,射频消融有较高的成功率。相对于单纯右心房峡部依赖性房扑,瘢痕相关性房扑患者的右心室较大。