规范化失禁相关性皮炎管理体系的构建及应用效果研究

目的：构建规范化的失禁相关性皮炎（Incontinence-associated dermatitis, IAD）管理体系,并评价其应用效果。方法：通过文献回顾,检索与IAD预防和处理的相关证据,分析IAD管理存在的问题,建立三级IAD监控管理组织,制定评估、上报、会诊和考评制度,形成了一套规范化的IAD管理体系。采用类试验的研究方法,比较规范化IAD管理体系运用前后IAD的发生率。结果：规范化IAD管理体系运用后,IAD发生率降低（P＜0.05）,IAD风险评估准确率,预防措施合格率逐步升高。结论:规范化IAD管理体系的建立,使IAD管理科学化、规范化,降低了IAD的发生率,提高了IAD护理质量和管理水平。     

内置式卫生棉条联合水胶体敷料在预防颈脊髓损伤后失禁性皮炎中的应用

目的分析内置式卫生棉条联合水胶体敷料在预防颈脊髓损伤后失禁性皮炎中的应用。方法选取2017年3月至2019年3月广元市中心医院收治的176例颈脊髓损伤患者,按电脑数字表法随机分为对照组和实验组,各88例。对照组实施常规护理,实验组实施内置式卫生棉条联合水胶体敷料干预。对比分析两组失禁性皮炎发生情况、失禁性皮炎护理情况及肛周皮肤状况。结果护理后,实验组失禁性皮炎发生率低于对照组,并且实验组各级失禁性皮炎愈合时间、清洗次数均优于对照组,肛周皮肤状况明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论内置式卫生棉条联合水胶体敷料有助于预防颈脊髓损伤后失禁性皮炎的出现,同时提升护理质量,改善患者肛周皮肤状况。     

红外线联合硝酸咪康唑散治疗失禁相关性皮炎的临床疗效

目的探讨红外线联合硝酸咪康唑散治疗失禁相关性皮炎的疗效及对患者生活质量的改善。方法选取该院失禁相关性皮炎患者80例作为研究对象,采取数字表随机分组法分为观察组与对照组,各40例,对照组采取硝酸咪康唑散治疗,每晚1次,观察组采取硝酸咪康唑散+红外线治疗,早中晚各1次两组患者连续治疗3 w。比较两组临床症状评分、临床疗效及不良反应发生率,并用皮肤病生活质量指数量表(DLQI)评价两组患者的生活质量。结果治疗后两组患者的症候积分均降低,与治疗前后比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),但观察组症候积分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的临床治疗总有效高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的不良反应发生率方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗前DLQI评分,治疗后评分逐渐降低,但观察组患者DLQI评分下降幅度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论红外线联合硝酸咪康唑散治疗失禁相关性皮炎可改善患者临床症状和生活质量,且安全性好。     

Prevention and treatment of incontinence-associated dermatitis: literature review

Title. Prevention and treatment of incontinence‐associated dermatitis: literature review. Aim. This paper is a report of a review conducted to describe the current evidence about the prevention and treatment of incontinence‐associated dermatitis and to formulate recommendations for clinical practice and research. Background. Incontinence‐associated dermatitis is a common problem in patients with incontinence. It is a daily challenge for healthcare professionals to maintain a healthy skin in patients with incontinence. Data sources. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, reference lists and conference proceedings were explored up to September 2008. Review methods. Publications were included if they reported research on the prevention and treatment of incontinence‐associated dermatitis. As little consensus about terminology was found, a very sensitive filter was developed. Study design was not used as a selection criterion due to the explorative character of the review and the scarce literature. Results. Thirty‐six publications, dealing with 25 different studies, were included. The implementation of a structured perineal skin care programme including skin cleansing and the use of a moisturizer is suggested. A skin protectant is recommended for patients considered at risk of incontinence‐associated dermatitis development. Perineal skin cleansers are preferable to using water and soap. Skin care is suggested after each incontinence episode, particularly if faeces are present. The quality of methods in the included studies was low. Conclusions. Incontinence‐associated dermatitis can be prevented and healed with timely and appropriate skin cleansing and skin protection. Prevention and treatment should also focus on a proper use of incontinence containment materials. Further research is required to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of various interventions.     

黄芩油膏用于失禁相关性皮炎护理的效果观察

目的观察黄芩油膏用于失禁相关性皮炎护理的效果。方法将60例失禁相关性皮炎患者按抽签法分为观察组31例、对照组29例,观察组用黄芩油膏护理,对照组用鞣酸软膏护理。观察两组治疗效果及治愈时间。结果治疗有效率观察组93.55%、对照组62.07%,两组比较,x2=8.748,P=0.003;观察组皮炎平均愈合时间短于对照组,两组不同级别创面愈合时间比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中药黄芩油膏用于失禁相关性皮炎护理效果优于鞣酸软膏。     

多功能蝶形底盘造口袋在治疗失禁相关性皮炎中的应用

目的探讨多功能蝶形底盘造口袋引流大便治疗失禁相关性皮炎(IAD)的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选择2019年1—9月入住浙江省人民医院ICU因大便失禁而发生IAD的84例患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组(42例)和对照组(42例)。对照组采用IAD皮肤管理三部曲联合普通造口袋,观察组采用IAD皮肤管理三部曲联合多功能蝶形底盘造口袋。比较两组患者的IAD治疗总有效率、治疗IAD护理人员的护理时间以及造口袋平均留置时间、造口袋平均使用时间、更换频次、两组患者家属满意度。结果观察组患者的IAD治疗总有效率为95.24%(40/42),高于对照组的73.81%(31/42),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组所用护理时间为(1.89±0.32)h/d,短于对照组的(5.73±1.64)h/d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的留置时间为(5.20±0.40)d/人,短于对照组的(9.40±1.20)d/人,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的使用时间为(98.27±12.18)h/袋,长于对照组的(72.18±4.63)h/袋,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的更换频次为(1.20±0.10)次/人,短于对照组的(3.10±0.70)次/人,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的家属满意度高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相较于传统的造口袋,多功能蝶形底盘造口袋可有效治疗IAD,缩短治疗IAD所用护理时间,延长造口袋使用时间,减少平均留置时间和更换频次,提升家属满意度,可在临床推广。     

基于证据的成人ICU失禁相关性皮炎护理质量改进

目的 探讨基于证据的成人ICU失禁相关性皮炎(incontinence-associated dermatitis,IAD)护理质量改进的效果.方法 以基于循证质量持续改进模式为理论框架,通过系统地文献检索和质量评价,获取预防及管理成人ICU失禁相关性皮炎的相关证据,并对应制订出9项质量改进审查内容.2018年12月1日-2019年2月1日,采用现场观察、查阅护理记录、文献分析、问卷调查等方法对本院ICU收治的29例失禁患者和46名ICU护士开展基线审查,对证据应用障碍进行分析并提出解决方法,包括引入IAD风险评估工具、规范失禁评估及处理记录、制订IAD防治规范、进行IAD相关知识系统培训.2019年2月10日-2019年7月30日引入证据,并审查护士对在此期间收治的51例失禁患者的相关证据应用情况.调查证据应用前后护士对IAD相关知识的知晓率、相关护理行为的执行率以及IAD的发生率的变化.结果 证据应用后护士对IAD相关知识的知晓率和护理行为执行率均有所提高(P<0.05),IAD发生率由24.1%降为5.9%.结论 基于证据的成人ICU失禁相关性皮炎的持续质量改进有助于降低失禁患者IAD发生率,使护士有章可循,可有效提高护理质量.     

住院失禁患者失禁性皮炎发生的相关因素分析

目的 研究住院失禁患者发生失禁性皮炎的相关因素.方法 采用横断面调查方法,对江苏省某三级综合医院的住院时间大于24 h失禁患者进行回顾性分析,记录患者的性别、年龄、意识状况、失禁频率、预防性使用皮肤保护剂情况、皮肤粉剂使用情况等6个方面可能影响失禁性皮炎发生的因素进行单因素分析,找出相关因素后再进行非条件logistic逐步回归分析.结果 单因素分析共筛选出意识状况、潮湿频率、预防性使用皮肤保护剂3个方面因素差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),以是否发生失禁性皮炎为应变量,3个被筛选出因素作为自变量给予赋值后进行非条件logistic回归分析,结果显示意识状况和预防性使用皮肤保护剂2个方面因素是失禁性皮炎发生的相关因素.结论 评估失禁患者失禁性皮炎发生的危险因素,关注意识障碍失禁患者皮肤护理工作,给予及时的皮肤保护剂保护皮肤,可以有效预防失禁性皮炎的发生.     

The effectiveness of faecal collection devices in preventing incontinence-associated dermatitis in critically ill patients with faecal incontinence: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of faecal collection devices on incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in critically ill patients with faecal incontinence.Review method usedThis was a systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesA comprehensive electronic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Cochrane library, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and WeiPu. All the databases were searched from their inception to July 31, 2019, and the data were updated on November 2, 2019.Review methodsRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies were included. Participants were critically ill patients with faecal incontinence, and the interventions involved care with faecal collection devices. Comparisons were usual care, and the outcome was the incidence of IAD. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to calculate the pooled effect sizes. Heterogeneity was tested using the inconsistency index (I²) method.ResultsNineteen studies were included in this systematic review including 16 RCTs and three quasi-experimental studies. Twelve RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, which showed that the use of faecal collection devices significantly reduced the incidence of IAD. Subgroup analyses based on device type showed significant effects for anal pouch collection devices (OR, 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07–0.26; P < 0.00001), anal pouch connected to negative-pressure suction devices (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.08–0.42; P < 0.00001), anal catheter/tube collection devices (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13–0.44; P < 0.00001), and anal catheter/tube connected to negative-pressure suction devices (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.07–0.59, P < 0.00001).ConclusionsFaecal collection devices can reduce the incidence of IAD in critically ill patients with faecal incontinence. It is suggested that when using a device to care for critically ill patients with faecal incontinence, an anal pouch connected to continuous low-negative-pressure suction device should be preferred. Further high-quality research is still needed regarding anal catheter/tube collection devices and anal catheter/tube connected to continuous low-negative-pressure suction devices.     

住院患者失禁性皮炎患病现况分析及其护理措施

目的了解住院患者失禁性皮炎的患病率及与护理措施现状。方法采用自行设计的调研工具,由培训合格的66名护士对全院住院患者实施横断面调研,统计医院失禁性皮炎患病率,并分析失禁性皮炎患者分期、科室分布及护理现状。结果在1719例患者中,调查发现43例失禁患者,患病率为2.5%,其中失禁性皮炎患者14例,占32.6%,主要分布在脑外科、ICU、内科及外科,43例失禁患者中11例(25.5%)没有采取任何护理措施。结论医院急需制订规范化的防治流程、并且开展有针对性的培训与督导,从而有效的预防失禁性皮炎的发生,确保护理质量及患者安全。     

持续质量改进在ICU失禁性皮炎管理中的应用

目的探讨科室持续质量改进在失禁性皮炎管理中的应用效果。方法优化质量控制小组,分析存在的问题,针对问题进行全员培训,明确失禁性皮炎质量控制频次,严格执行质量控制过程,并定期分析反馈。结果质量控制改进后失禁性皮炎发生率和皮炎严重度均降低(P0.05)。结论持续质量改进在失禁性皮炎管理及提高护理人员业务水平上具有积极作用。     

危重患者失禁相关性皮炎皮肤保护的研究进展

危重患者常因胃肠营养不当、神经功能紊乱或由于长期大量应用广谱抗生素致胃肠道内菌群失调而引起大便失禁,发生皮肤损伤,导致失禁相关性皮炎( IAD )的发生。加重患者的痛苦,增加护理工作量。本文就危重症患者IAD产生的相关因素及目前关于IAD的预防及皮肤保护措施综述如下。     

失禁相关性皮炎患者中西医护理研究进展

本文从目前国内外研究现状出发,阐述了失禁相关性皮炎(IAD)的流行病学、风险因素,介绍了IAD的评估方法,并对IAD的中西医护理方法进行了分析与归纳,旨在为护理人员进行IAD的管理与预防提供依据,并在此基础上对IAD的护理措施提出更多可行性建议。     

临床护士失禁性皮炎预防及管理知识现状调查

目的:了解临床护士对失禁性皮炎预防及管理知识的掌握情况,为针对性提升护士相关知识水平和护理效果提供依据。方法:采用问卷调查法对镇江市7所医院的330名临床护士进行调查和分析。结果:临床护士的失禁性皮炎预防及管理知识得分较低,为(47.87±4.17)分。结论:临床护士失禁性皮炎预防及管理知识水平不能满足临床需要,可能与护理人员缺乏相关知识培训有关。建议在学校课程设置中增加失禁性皮炎的知识内容,医院应有针对性地对护士进行相关知识的继续教育与培训,建立失禁性皮炎预防和护理的标准。     

失禁性皮炎识别与防控管理信息系统的开发及应用研究

目的开发失禁性皮炎识别与防控管理信息系统,探讨其在危重症患者失禁性皮炎预防和护理管理中的应用效果。方法成立失禁性皮炎管理小组,构建失禁性皮炎识别与防控管理信息系统,采用人机交互技术,包括评估、分级、决策、护理文书4个内容模块,从而实现评估预警、分级判定、指导决策和保存记录等功能。2019年7月正式在临床应用,比较系统应用前后护士评估危重症患者失禁性皮炎风险的用时、及时率及准确率、风险评估及分级评估的动态更新率、失禁性皮炎发生率等指标。结果应用失禁性皮炎识别与防控管理信息系统后,护士评估危重症患者失禁性皮炎风险的用时由(2.88±0.35) min缩短至(1.44±0.22) min,评估及时率由52.5%上升至82.5%,评估准确率由57.5%提高至85.0%,失禁性皮炎风险评估的动态更新率由17.5%上升至77.5%,分级评估的动态更新率由20.0%提高到77.8%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。失禁性皮炎发生率由16.0%降至11.8%(P>0.05)。结论失禁性皮炎识别与防控管理信息系统能为护士提供准确、客观的决策依据,能缩短失禁性皮炎风险评估用时,提高评估及时...     

Associations between individual characteristics and incontinence-associated dermatitis: A secondary data analysis of a multi-centre prevalence study

Background

Incontinent patients are at risk for incontinence-associated dermatitis. Prolonged exposures of the skin to urine and/or stool are causal factors but the exact aetiology and pathophysiology are not fully understood.

Objectives

The aim of the current investigation was to identify person and health-related variables most strongly associated with incontinence-associated dermatitis development.

Design

Secondary data analysis of a multicentre-prevalence study in 2012.

Settings

Hospitals, nursing homes, home care in Austria and the Netherlands.

Participants

Nursing home residents, hospital patients, home care clients who completed an incontinence assessment and who were incontinent (n = 3713). Mean age 81.2 (SD 11.2) years.

Methods

Demographic, functional and physiological parameters were compared between subjects with incontinence-associated dermatitis and without. A logistic regression model predicting incontinence-associated dermatitis was build.

Results

Subjects with incontinence-associated dermatitis were statistically significantly more often male, had more often diabetes mellitus, had a higher BMI, were less often affected by urinary but more often by faecal incontinence and showed higher degrees of functional and psychical impairments. Being faecal incontinent (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.14–2.55), having diabetes mellitus (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.03–2.06) and having “friction and shear” problems (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.51–0.81) according to the Braden scale item were the strongest covariates for the presence of incontinence-associated dermatitis.

Conclusions

It is recommended to target special preventive skin care interventions especially to persons who are faecal incontinent and who have moist perineal skin, who have higher BMIs, who are diabetics, and who need increased assistance in moving.     

品管圈对提高压疮与失禁性皮炎鉴别率的效果

目的：探讨品管圈在提高压疮与失禁性皮炎鉴别率中的应用效果。方法成立品管圈小组,选定主题进行现状调查,分析压疮与失禁性皮炎鉴别率低的原因,制定对策并应用PDCA循环方法进行改进实施。结果通过开展品管圈活动,压疮与失禁性皮炎鉴别率由活动前12．90％提升至活动后90．32％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝34．165,P＜0．05）;根据要因分析产生的不良事件例数活动后较活动前下降。结论神经内科ICU应用品管圈管理方法可以有效提高护士专业技术能力,建立完善压疮与失禁性皮炎标准化护理管理流程,提高患者满意度。     

基于IADIT的定向干预在重症患者失禁相关性皮炎患者中的应用

目的探讨改良皮肤清洗方法联合失禁相关性皮炎干预工具(IADIT)应用于危重症患者失禁相关性皮炎的效果。方法采用便利抽样法,将北京大学第三医院2017年3月—2018年2月伴有大便失禁的危重症患者92例作为对照组,2018年3月—2019年2月伴有大便失禁的危重症患63例作为试验组。对照组患者采用常规护理,试验组采用IADIT护理,比较两组患者失禁相关性皮炎的发生率、治疗效果和愈合时间。结果干预后,试验组失禁相关性皮炎发生率为30.16%(19/63),低于对照组的44.57%(41/92),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组失禁相关性皮炎治疗有效率为94.74%(18/19),高于对照组的65.86%(27/41),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组失禁相关性皮炎愈合的时间为(6.33±3.14)d,低于对照组的(11.55±3.41)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论在大便失禁的危重症患者中,与传统经验性护理方法相比,基于IADIT的定向干预措施能有效地降低失禁相关性皮炎的发生率,提高失禁相关性皮炎治愈率,缩短愈合时间。     

神经内科护士失禁性皮炎知信行的访谈分析

目的：探讨神经内科护士对失禁性皮炎(IAD)的知识、态度、信念及行为现状,为 IAD 的培训、教育及规范管理提供参考依据。方法采用随机抽样,运用半结构式访谈法,对50名神经内科护理人员进行一对一深入访谈,记录、整理并分析资料,归纳主题。结果被访者对于 IAD 知识缺乏,态度积极,护理行为有待提高。结论降低 IAD 发生率、减少 IAD 患者痛苦需多部门合作,护理人员需进行相关知识培训,对家属行健康指导,管理部门需制定相关处理策略,从而提高 IAD 护理质量。