Effect of temperature increase on the distensibility of porcine thoracic aorta

The objective of the study was to investigate the temperature impact on the elasticity of porcine thoracic aorta. Under general anesthesia, 16 Landrace pigs were subjected to thoracotomy, and the descending thoracic aorta was removed and stored in normal saline. Serial sections of the vessel created cylindrical aortic specimens which were tested in a uniaxial tension device to determine the elastic properties of the aortic wall. In the control, Group A (n = 8), the aortic tissues were tested while immersed in normal saline bath of temperature TA = 37.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C, while in Group B, the temperature was TB = 40.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Each experiment took place only after the tissues had remained for 15 min in temperature TA or TB. For the results, the stiffness modulus of Group B showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) at medium strain level deformation (e = 1, SB1 = 114 +/- 8 Pa) as well as at high strain level deformation (e = 2, SB1 = 1182 +/- 48 Pa) in comparison with the control, Group A (e = 1, SA1 = 147 +/- 15 Pa; e = 2, SA1 = 1479 +/- 64 Pa). It is concluded that temperature increase facilitates, in vitro, the expansion of descending thoracic aorta. We assume that thermal treatment may be another means against the stiffening of aorta, which calls for further research.     

主动脉夹层患者升主动脉中层弹性蛋白与弹力纤维的变化

目的:探讨Stanford A型主动脉夹层(AD)升主动脉中层弹性蛋白和弹力纤维变化。方法:收集10例Stanford A型AD患者术中获取的升主动脉管壁组织标本与10例脑死亡捐献手术中或冠状动脉旁路移植术中获取的正常升主动脉管壁组织标本,用Westernblot法检测两组标本中膜层弹性蛋白表达;用EVG弹力纤维染色分析两组升主动脉中膜层弹力纤维形态及含量。结果:Westernblot结果显示,AD升主动脉中膜层弹性蛋白含量较正常升主动脉明显降低[(0.32±0.07)vs.(1.12±0.17),t=6.722,P=0.003]。EVG染色结果显示,AD升主动脉中膜层弹力纤维形态和排列紊乱,弹力板层断裂、丢失,而正常升主动脉中膜弹力纤维排列紧密、有序,弹力板结构完整,层次分明;AD升主动脉中膜层弹力纤维含量较正常升主动脉明显降低[(85762.8±106.2)vs.(164482.8±161.4),t=5.902,P0.001]。弹性蛋白与弹力纤维含量在AD与正常升主动脉中膜层均呈明显正相关(r=0.953、0.973,均P0.001)。结论:StanfordA型AD患者升主动脉中层弹性蛋白和弹力纤维含量下降,弹力纤维形态和结构紊乱,该改变可能在AD的发生中起了重要作用。     

胸主动脉分支血管的CT研究

目的 利用CT血管造影测量胸主动脉分支血管,为胸主动脉腔内修复技术提供相关的血管解剖指导.方法 收集2008年1月-2012年2月在广州军区武汉总医院进行胸主动脉CT血管造影检查的739例患者资料,测量升主动脉、主动脉弓、弓上分支的直径和长度,并进行统计、分析.结果 主动脉弓分为标准型和变异型,其中标准型最常见,占总例数的91.1％,变异型占8.9％.主动脉弓标准型患者的冠状动脉开口处升主动脉直径为(35.7±4.3) mm,头臂干开口处升主动脉直径为(33.6±4.2) mm,头臂干与左颈总动脉之间的主动脉弓直径为(29.4±5.7) mm,左颈总动脉与左锁骨下动脉之间的主动脉弓直径为(27.6±4.2) mm,左锁骨下动脉开口处降主动脉直径为(25.4±4.5) mm,头臂干在主动脉弓分支处的直径为(12.9±0.9) mm,左颈总动脉在主动脉弓分支处的直径为(8.5±0.7)mm,左锁骨下动脉在主动脉弓分支处的直径为(10.4±1.1) mm,冠状动脉与头臂干之间的管壁长度为(53.3±12.5) mm,头臂干与左颈总动脉之间的管壁长度为(4.7±1.5) mm,左颈总动脉与左锁骨下动脉之间的管壁长度为(7.9±2.6)mm,头臂干起始处至右锁骨下动脉开口处长度为(41.1±8.2)mm,左锁骨下动脉起始处至椎动脉开口处管腔长度为(38.5±5.7) mm,头臂干与左颈总动脉间距的平面与矢状面之间的夹角为(71.2±7.2)°,左颈总动脉与左锁骨下动脉间距的平面与矢状面之间的夹角为(31.1±2.9)°.结论 CT测量所得的胸主动脉数据可以为血管支架的生产提供支持,还能为腔内修复术中支架的定位释放提供指导.     

Fluoride and calcification of rat aorta

The relation between fluoride and calcification of the aorta has been studied in two systems: the intact rat and anin vitro preparation of the thoracic aorta incubated in serum. Vitamin D₃ produced a ten-fold increment in calcium concentration and a twelve-fold increase in phosphate levels of the dry aorta. Fluoride did not affect the deposition of calcium, but significantly blocked the increase in phosphorus in the aorta of the vitamin D₃-treated animals. In control rats, fluoride did not affect the incorporation of either calcium or phosphorus. The concentration of fluoride in the aortas of rats receiving only corn oil by intubation was not affected by long term exposure to drinking water containing 50 ppm F. Vitamin D₃ produced a nine-fold increase in fluoride concentration in the aorta of the rats receiving fluoride in the drinking water when compared to the vitamin D₃ rats receiving distilled water. It appears that long-term exposure to fluoride in the drinking water neither initiates calcification in the aorta nor potentiates calcification induced by vitamin D₃. Von Kossa stain showed pronounced calcification of the aortas in rats receiving vitamin D₃ but none was seen in the rats receiving distilled water alone. Resorcin-fuchsin-methyl green stain for elastic fibers showed destruction in regions of calcification in rats receiving vitamin D₃ but not in those receiving fluoride alone. Fluoride did not appear to alter the histological picture seen in the aortas of rats receiving vitamin D₃. In thein vitro model, rat thoracic aortas were incubated for 24 hours in rat serum containing⁴⁵Ca and 0.14, 0.56 and 1.12 ppm F. Fluoride at all levels significantly inhibited⁴⁵Ca uptake.Work done at the National Institute of Dental Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.     

Effect of an experimental stenosis in the porcine descending thoracic aorta

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the alterations of mechanical properties in pre- (A) and post- (B) stenotic aortic regions after an experimentally induced stenosis in the descending thoracic aorta. METHODS: Eight healthy, normalipemic and normotensive Landrace pigs were subjected to thoracotomy under sterile conditions. In the upper segment of the descending thoracic aorta a circumferential symmetric constriction 5 mm in length was imposed and stabilized; thus, a 15-20 mm Hg pressure gradient was established. The pressure gradient was verified via catheterization of the vessel with pressure tip catheters. Pre- and poststenotic hemodynamic disturbances were recorded by the use of a bidirectional Doppler flowmeter. Pressure and flow measurements were carried out before, 10 min after, and 90 days after the creation of the stenosis. Euthanasia was performed after 90 days, and the descending thoracic aorta removed. In the A and B regions serial sections of aorta (5 mm in length) create appropriate aortic "rings," to test in a uniaxial tension device, in order to determine the mechanical properties of the vessel. Histological analysis was performed, so as to estimate the content (%) of collagen and elastin fibers within the aortic wall. Eight sham-operated pigs were used as controls. RESULTS: Reverse blood flow was recorded at both the A and B sites, and was maintained until euthanasia. Reverse flow in the poststenotic region B was greater than that in the prestenotic region. Mechanical analysis showed that the aortic wall in A and B regions became stiffer particularly at high strains (P < 0.05). Histological analysis indicated that the percentage of elastin fibers remained almost the same in both regions while the percentage of collagen fibers increased considerably, especially in the B region (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A nonhemodynamically significant experimental stenosis located at the level of the descending thoracic aorta induced reverse blood flow before and after the stenosis. The higher the reverse flow, the more collagen fibers were produced and the stiffer the aortic wall. Since hypercholesterolemia can be ruled out as a hardening factor in the present study, disturbed flow seems to be an independent factor which activates fibroblasts to overproduce collagen and to eventually reduce the aorta's compliance.     

胸主动脉夹层动物模型研究进展

主动脉夹层（AD）是一种复杂且致死率高的疾病,特别是胸主动脉夹层（TAD）,目前对AD的认知和治疗仍处于不断发展的阶段,理论与实践需要借助动物模型来完成转化,由此各种模型应运而生,互为补充、相互促进。要创建一个理想动物模型需先全面了解各种模型的利弊,才能取各家之长,达到自己的实验目的。TAD小动物模型主要通过化学诱导或转基因方式建模,TAD大动物模型则主要采用外科手术或腔内途径建模,笔者就以上TAD动物模型的各种建模方式作简要综述。     

经升主动脉和头臂干右侧间隙切除T3和T4椎体肿瘤

目的 探讨经升主动脉右侧间隙与头臂干右侧间隙行椎体切除治疗上胸椎T3、T4肿瘤的术式及疗效。方法 2000年6月至2006年1月共治疗上胸椎肿瘤患者12例，男7例，女5例；年龄29-60岁，平均42岁。原发性肿瘤8例，转移瘤4例。T3肿瘤4例，T4肿瘤6例，T3，4肿瘤2例。采用改良的经胸骨柄入路，经升主动脉右侧间隙和头臂干右侧间隙显露椎体肿瘤病灶。采用刮除方式切除肿瘤3例（巨细胞瘤1例，嗜酸性肉芽肿1例，动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例），余采用整块切除方式切除。椎体间采用自体髂骨或骨水泥进行重建，颈椎前路带锁钛钢板内固定。脊髓损伤程度按Frankel分级标准评定。结果术中发生血压下降和（或）气道阻力增加6例。术后随访4-66个月，平均28．6个月。12例患者术后神经功能均有改善。3例植骨患者植骨均融合。1例L骨肉瘤患者和3例转移瘤患者术后10-18个月因全身多处转移，衰竭死亡。1例巨细胞瘤患者采用刮除方式切除后10个月局部复发。结论经升主动脉右侧间隙和头臂干右侧间隙行L、T4椎体切除重建内固定术可获得良好的暴露，近期疗效满意，适用于脊髓前方存在压迫的上胸椎L、T4椎体肿瘤。     

Hemodynamic changes during a new procedure for regional chemotherapy involving occlusion of the thoracic aorta and inferior vena cava

Study Objective: To describe the hemodynamic consequences of a regional chemotherapy procedure involving occlusion of the thoracic aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) by intraluminal balloons.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Operating rooms of an academic hospital.

Patients: 10 patients with inoperable intraabdominal malignancy.

Interventions: After the induction of general anesthesia and the insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter the patients underwent the regional chemotherapy procedure

Measurements and Main Results: Occlusion of the thoracic aorta induced an increase in blood pressure (BP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (41% ± 8% and 80% ± 15% from baseline, respectively), and a 30% ± 7% decrease in cardiac output (CO). After aortic balloon deflation at the end of the procedure, we observed a decrease in BP to baseline values, decrease in SVR (to 62% ± 12% below baseline), and increase in CO (to 80% ± 15% above baseline). Those changes resemble those described during vascular surgery. Isolated occlusion of the IVC before aortic occlusion caused hemodynamic deterioration in only three of 10 patients, suggesting incomplete obstruction or collateral blood flow in others. Occluding the IVC while the aorta was occluded, caused minimal hemodynamic changes.

Conclusions: Independent inflation of the IVC balloon should not be performed routinely because of possible unpredicted hemodynamic instability. Inferior vena cava occlusion should always be performed after complete aortic occlusion, because it is then that it produces negligible hemodynamic consequences. It is possible that a better assessment of IVC occlusion after balloon inflation needs to be done by contrast injection to prevent a possible leak of chemotherapeutic drugs.     

Laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy of normal and atherosclerotic human aorta using 306-310 nm excitation

Ultraviolet excited laser induced fluorescence (LIF) was studied in normal and atherosclerotic human arterial wall in vitro. Using excitation wavelengths from 306 to 310 nm, two distinct emission bands were observed in the LIF of both normal and pathologic aorta: a short wavelength band, peaking at 340 nm emission, which was attributed to tryptophan; and a long wavelength band, peaking at 380 nm emission, which was assigned to a combination of collagen and elastin. The intensity of the short wavelength band was quite sensitive to the choice of excitation wavelength, while the long wavelength band was not, so that the relative contributions of the bands could be controlled by the precise choice of excitation wavelength. A valley in the spectra at 418 nm was attributed to fluorescence reabsorption by oxy-hemoglobin. By using 308 nm excitation to observe emission simultaneously from both the short and long wavelength bands, normal and atherosclerotic aorta were spectrally distinct. Two LIF emission intensity ratios were defined to characterize both the relative tryptophan fluorescence content as well as the ratio of elastin to collagen fluorescence in each spectrum. The differences in these two emission ratios among the various histologic tissue types correlated qualitatively with the histologic and biochemical compositions of these tissues. By combining these parameters in a binary classification scheme, normal and atherosclerotic aorta were correctly distinguished in 56 of 60 total cases. Furthermore, atherosclerotic plaques, atheromatous plaques, and exposed calcifications could be classified individually with sensitivities/predictive values of 90%/90%, 100%/75%, and 82%/82%, respectively.     

后路椎弓根螺钉系统矫正青少年特发性脊柱侧凸术后主动脉位置变化分析

【摘要】 目的：评价接受后路椎弓根螺钉系统矫正手术的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术前、术后1周和术后2年主动脉相对于脊柱的空间位置变化。方法：研究对象为接受后路椎弓根螺钉系统矫正手术的22例右胸主弯的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者。通过三维重建CT测量患者术前、术后1周、术后2年主动脉位置和顶椎旋转畸形情况,测量参数包括主动脉-椎体距离、主动脉-椎体角、主动脉-椎管距离、左侧椎弓根螺钉长度和顶椎旋转角。通过X线片测量胸主弯的Cobb角和胸椎后凸角。结果：术前主胸弯Cobb角为57.5°±9.8°,术后1周矫正至13.6°±6.5°,术后2年时为16.2°±6.8°;主胸弯Cobb角矫正率术后1周时为77.5%,术后2年时为73.3%。术前顶椎轴面旋转角为29.4°±9.3°,术后1周矫正至14.6°±6.9°,术后2年时为17.4°±6.8°;顶椎旋转畸形的矫正率术后1周时为49.5%,术后2年时为39.7%。主动脉-椎体距离在T6～T11节段术前显著大于术后1周（P<0.05）;在T7～T9节段术后2年显著大于术后1周（P<0.05）。主动脉-椎体角在T5～T11节段术前显著大于术后1周（P<0.05）;在T7～T10节段术后2年显著大于术后1周（P<0.05）。主动脉-椎管距离在T7～T11节段术前显著小于术后1周（P<0.05）;在T6～T10节段术后2年显著小于术后1周（P<0.05）。结论：右胸主弯的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者中,术后主动脉相对于脊柱的位置较术前向前内侧移位,术后2年较术后向后外侧移位。在使用椎弓根螺钉系统治疗特发性脊柱侧凸的手术中应该避免椎弓根螺钉穿出椎体前皮质或者椎弓根外侧皮质而导致主动脉损伤。     

A minor experimental stenosis in porcine descending thoracic aorta affects the spectral content of pressure pulse wave

OBJECTIVE: To carry out research into the possible changes of the spectral content of pressure pulse wave after the creation of an experimentally induced stenosis in the pig descending thoracic aorta. METHODS: Eight healthy, normotensive Landrace pigs were subjected to thoracotomy under sterile conditions. At the upper segment of the descending thoracic aorta, a 5-mm-long circumferential symmetric constriction was imposed and stabilized; hence, a 15-20 mm Hg pressure gradient was established. Pressure tip catheters were used in order to monitor the pressure gradient. Blood flow disturbances were recorded through a bidirectional Doppler flow meter at pre- and poststenotic areas (A and B, respectively). Measurements were carried out before, 10 min after, and 90 days after the creation of the stenosis. The recorded waveforms were analyzed mathematically by using Fourier Transform, in order to determine their spectral component. Eight sham-operated pigs were used as controls. RESULTS: Fourier Transform analysis showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) of spectral content in A and B areas. Also, the "relative" harmonic amplitudes in nonstenotic subjects were higher than in stenotic animals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A minor experimental constriction located at the level of the descending thoracic aorta increased the spectral content of the pressure pulse wave, indicating that spectral analysis may detect slight flow disturbances before developing remarkable signs of an impaired circulation system.     

舒芬太尼对去甲肾上腺素诱发自发性高血压大鼠离体胸主动脉收缩的影响

目的 探讨舒芬太尼对去甲肾上腺素(NE)诱发自发性高血压大鼠离体胸主动脉收缩的影响.方法 雄性自发性高血压大鼠8只,体重250～300 g,每只大鼠取离体胸主动脉血管环4段,采用随机区组设计,随机分为4组(n=8):生理盐水对照组(NS组)、低浓度舒芬太尼组(7×10-11mol/L,S1组)、中浓度舒芬太尼组(2×10-10 mol/L,S2组)和高浓度舒芬太尼组(1×10-9mol/L,S3组).将血管环悬挂于血管张力测量装置,张力稳定后加入60 mmol/L KCl收缩血管环,记录血管环张力.洗脱KCl后分别加入生理盐水及不同浓度的舒芬太尼各100 μl,20 min后依次加入终浓度为10-8、10-7、10-6、10-5mol/L的NE,使血管充分收缩,记录不同NE终浓度下血管环张力,计算血管环收缩幅度.结果 与NS组比较,S1组、S2组、S3组血管环收缩幅度降低(P<0.05或0.01).与S1组比较,S2组、S3组血管环收缩幅度降低(P<0.01).与S2组比较,S3组血管环收缩幅度降低(P<0.05或0.01).结论 舒芬太尼可抑制NE诱发自发性高血压大鼠离体胸主动脉收缩,且与浓度有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of sufentanil on norepinephrine (NE)-induced contraction of thoracic aorta isolated from rats with spontaneous hypertension (SH) .Methods Eight male rats with SH weighing 250-300 g were used in this study. The rats were decapitated and their thoracic aortas were isolated and cut into rings 2-3 mm in length. The aorta rings were suspended for isometric tension recording. The aortic rings obtained from SH rats were divided into 4 groups ( n = 8 each) : control group and 3 sufentanil groups. The contraction of aortic rings in response to NE in the absence (control) and presence of 3 concentrations of sufentanil 7 × 10-11 ,2 × 10-10 and 1 × 10-9 mol/L was recorded. Results The amplitude of NE-induced contraction of thoracic aorta was significantly greater in 3 sufentanil groups than in control group. Sufentanil significantly inhibited the NE-induced aortic contration in proportion to concentration. Conclusion Sufentanil can inhibit NE-induced contraction of thoracic aorta isolated from rats with SH in a concentration-dependent manner.     

超声波联合曲拉通X-100制备猪去细胞的主动脉支架

目的 探讨超声波联合曲拉通X-100制备猪升主动脉去细胞支架的方法及效果.方法 从体质量相近的中华实验猪制备新鲜主动脉标本280份,随机分为4组:空白对照组、曲拉通X-100(Triton X-100)和SDS(十二烷基磺酸钠)组、曲拉通X-100组、超声波联合曲拉通X-100组,通过组织学及电镜观察、生物力学性能测定、免疫组织化学检测Ln和Fn的蛋白表达变化等分析比较各组去细胞的效果.结果 超声波联合曲拉通X-100组可完全去除动脉内膜细胞,组织形态、生物力学等保持良好.层粘连蛋白(Ln)和纤维连接蛋白(Fn)的阳性面积×平均吸光度值分别是0.01470±0.001 60、0.01340±0.000 29,明显优于传统的化学去细胞方法.结论 超声波联合曲拉通X-100组去细胞效果优于传统化学去污剂,是较理想的制备猪动脉去细胞支架的方法.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸胸椎椎弓根螺钉误置与主动脉损伤的风险评估

 目的 评估青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者中胸椎椎弓根螺钉误置导致主动脉损伤的风险。方法 回顾性分析2010年12月至2011年8月收治的50例青少年特发性胸椎右侧凸患者资料,男7例,女43例;年龄13~18岁,平均(15.3±2.6)岁;均于术前行MRI扫描(包含T₅~T₁₂椎体)。基于横断面MRI,测量左侧椎弓根－主动脉角和左侧椎弓根－主动脉距离,并以不同长度的椎弓根螺钉(30 mm、35 mm、40 mm)和外侧误置角度(10°、20°、30°)模拟置入左侧椎弓根螺钉,建立9种螺钉外侧误置模式。当模拟置入的螺钉与主动脉轮廓相交即定义为危险置钉。比较同一节段中不同误置模式的危险置钉比率及同一误置模式下不同节段的危险置钉比率,分析危险置钉比率与椎弓根螺钉的长度及误置角度的相关性。结果 左侧椎弓根－主动脉角从T5水平的34.3°±8.5°增加至T7水平的45.7°±4.1°,然后逐渐减小至T₁₂水平的9.2°±5.6°;左侧椎弓根－主动脉距离在T₅~T₁₂水平从(28.2±7.3) mm增加至(37.7±6.5) mm。危险置钉比率与椎弓根螺钉的长度及误置角度呈显著正相关,其中在T₁₁节段出现危险置钉的比率较高。结论 胸椎椎弓根螺钉偏长、外侧误置角度过大以及T₁₁节段的外侧误置是导致主动脉损伤的潜在危险因素。     

脊柱侧凸患者胸主动脉与相邻椎体的解剖关系及临床意义

目的:观察胸椎侧凸患者胸主动脉与相邻椎体的解剖关系,并探讨其临床意义。方法:30例胸椎侧凸患者行胸椎CT平扫,测量T4～T12椎体横断面上右侧肋骨小头至主动脉后壁的切线与双侧肋骨小头连线(线RR)的夹角(α)、椎管前缘中点至主动脉中点连线与线RR的夹角(β)、线RR至椎管前壁的垂直距离(a)、左侧肋骨小头前缘至主动脉后壁的距离(b)、椎体横径(c)及椎体旋转角(γ),并与64例无脊柱畸形者对比。结果:从T4～T12,两组的α角、β角和b值均存在先减小后增大的趋势,脊柱侧凸组均较对照组低,且α角在T7～T10、β角在T5～T10和b值在T9、T10显著低于正常对照组。从T4～T12,两组的a值均逐渐降低,且脊柱侧凸组显著低于对照组。两组的c值从T4～T12均逐渐增加,两组间差异无统计学意义。结论:胸椎侧凸患者术前行影像学检查测量胸主动脉与相邻椎体上述指标,可更精确、更安全地放置螺钉。     

TEVER 术中主动脉弓部分支动脉的重建

目的：探讨胸主动脉腔内修复术中主动脉弓部分支动脉的重建方法。 方法：回顾性分析北京大学人民医院2001年12月—2014年3月间45例行胸主动脉腔内修复术患者的临床资料。 结果：分别通过杂交技术、烟囱技术、分支支架技术共重建分支动脉64支,其中包括无名动脉6支,右颈总动脉1支,左颈总动脉21支,左锁骨下动脉36支。技术成功率100%,术后7例患者发生内漏,30 d内死亡4例。39例患者获随访2~89个月,期间1例于手术后45 d可疑死于脑梗塞,2例死于与胸主动脉疾病无关的原因;1例患者内漏仍存在,所有桥血管、烟囱支架等保持通畅。 结论：通过杂交手术、烟囱技术及分支支架技术重建弓部分支动脉后行TEVER手术是安全可行的,其短期效果令人满意,其远期效果仍有待继续观察。     

经胸降主动脉微创冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 探讨胸腔镜辅助左胸小切口、经胸降主动脉"Y"形旁路血管向心肌供血,实施非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术微创化的临床疗效.方法 66例冠心病病人,经左胸小切口开胸,胸腔镜游离左侧乳内动脉,经胸降主动脉"Y"形旁路血管向心肌供血,实施非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术,用瞬时流量测定仪检测旁路血管的通畅度.结果 平均手术(103,0±18.4)min.术后平均机械辅助呼吸(5.6±3.2)h,平均ICU滞留(37.3±7.6)h,平均胸腔引流量(190±75)ml,平均输血(150±50)ml,移植血管平均流量Qm为(27±7)mi/min,搏动指数(PI)为3.5±1.4,逆向血流百分比(%Insuf)为(7±5)%.全组病人无死亡,均治愈出院.随访12～48个月,病人病情稳定,身体状况良好.结论 该术式是微创冠状动脉旁路移植术的一个新途径.尤其适用于升主动脉存在钙化、扩张或粥样硬化斑块者,可避免升主动脉损伤、附壁斑块松动、脱落导致的脑栓塞或冠状动脉栓塞.安全、有效、创伤小.从真正意义上实现了冠状动脉旁路移植术的微创化.临床疗效显著,近期效果满意,远期效果有待进一步随访观察.     

维持性血液透析患者主动脉钙化相关影响因素分析

目的：探讨维持性血液透析（MHD）患者主动脉钙化的相关影响因素。方法：采用胸部正位X线成像技术检测183例MHD患者主动脉钙化情况,将入选患者分为主动脉钙化组（A组）和主动脉无钙化组（B组）,透析前抽血检测血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、C反应蛋白（CRP）和血清白蛋白（Alb）等指标,并计算钙磷乘积,比较两组年龄、透析龄和血清学指标的差异,将上述指标与主动脉钙化进行相关性分析,并对筛选出来的危险因素进行非条件Logistic回归分析。结果：A组和B组在年龄、透析龄、血磷、钙磷乘积和CRP水平方面,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）;MHD患者主动脉钙化的相关影响因素包括：年龄、透析龄、血磷、钙磷乘积及CRP;Logistic回归分析表明,年龄、透析龄和血磷是主动脉钙化的独立危险因素（P〈0.01）。结论：MHD患者主动脉钙化相当常见,主动脉钙化与年龄、透析龄、钙磷代谢和炎症状态有关。