临床分期对食管鳞癌三维适形放疗预后的指导价值

目的 比较3种非手术临床分期对食管鳞癌三维适形放疗预后的指导价值.方法 回顾分析2001-2007年接受三维适形放疗的179例食管鳞癌患者临床资料,分别采用食管癌UICC2003分期、我国食管癌协作组分期(协作组分期)和本科分期(祝氏分期)方法进行临床分期,比较其一致性(Kappa系数分析)和对放疗预后判断的价值.结果 全组患者的协作组T分期与祝氏T分期一致性一般(Kappa=0.271),祝氏T分期偏早;协作组TNM分期与祝氏TNM分期一致性也一般(Kappa=0.167),协作组TNM分期偏早.98例患者的UICC-T分期与协作组T分期一致性一般(Kappa=0.261),协作组T分期偏早;UICC-T分期与祝氏T分期一致性更一般(Kappa=0.045),祝氏T分期明显偏早;UICC-TNM分期与祝氏TNM分期一致性最好(Kappa=0.597),UICC-TNM分期与协作组TNM分期一致性一般(Kappa=0.299),协作组TNM分期总体偏早.多因素分析均显示UICC分期、协作组分期和祝氏分期中T分期(χ2=11.58、26.00、51.05,P均＜0.01)、N分期(χ2=15.28、16.10、16.10,P均＜0.01)、M分期(χ2值分别为5.59、27.78、27.78,P均＜0.01)和临床TNM分期(χ2=15.77、34.35、51.10,P均＜0.01)为独立预后因素,UICC分期中T1～T3期难以准确分期且T1～T3期预后相似.结论 3种食管癌临床分期均能用于食管癌放疗预后评价,协作组分期和祝氏分期方法值得进一步推广应用,但准确性有待进一步提高.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of 3 clinical stage system in 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods From January 2004 to August 2007, 179 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with 3DCRT.Before radiation, each patient was staged with UICC 2003 TNM stage, stage of Chinese esophageal cancer cooperation group (cooperation group' stage), and Zhu's clinical stage respectively. Concordance of each clinical stage and prognosis was analyzed with SPSS 11.5. Results In 179 cases of esophageal cancer,Concordance was better in T stage ( Kappa = 0. 271 ) than in TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 167 ) between cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage. Among them, 98 cases was staged with UICC stage, concordance of T stage was better between UICC-T and cooperation group' T stage (Kappa =0. 261 ) than between UICCT and Zhu's T stage (Kappa = 0. 045 ) ;concordance of TNM stage was better between UICC-TNM and Zhu's TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 597 ) than between UICC-TNM and cooperation group' TNM stage ( Kappa =0. 299 ). With multivariate analysis, T ( χ2 value is 11.58, 26. 00 and 51.05, all P ＜ 0. 01 ), N ( χ2 value is 15.28, 16. 10 and 16. 10,all P＜0. 01), M (χ2 value is 5.59, 27.78 and 27.78,all P＜0. 01), and TNM (χ2 value is 15.77, 34,35 and 51. 10,all P＜0. 01 ) stage in 3 kinds of clinical stage were independent prognostic factors. In UICC stage, T1-T3 was difficult to definite and the prognosis was not significantly different in T1 -T3 stage. Conclusions In this study, 3 kinds of clinical stage could evaluate prognosis of esophageal cancer after radiotherapy;cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage need further application, with further accuracy needed.     

临床分期对食管鳞癌三维适形放疗预后的指导价值

Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of 3 clinical stage system in 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods From January 2004 to August 2007, 179 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with 3DCRT.Before radiation, each patient was staged with UICC 2003 TNM stage, stage of Chinese esophageal cancer cooperation group (cooperation group' stage), and Zhu's clinical stage respectively. Concordance of each clinical stage and prognosis was analyzed with SPSS 11.5. Results In 179 cases of esophageal cancer,Concordance was better in T stage ( Kappa = 0. 271 ) than in TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 167 ) between cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage. Among them, 98 cases was staged with UICC stage, concordance of T stage was better between UICC-T and cooperation group' T stage (Kappa =0. 261 ) than between UICCT and Zhu's T stage (Kappa = 0. 045 ) ;concordance of TNM stage was better between UICC-TNM and Zhu's TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 597 ) than between UICC-TNM and cooperation group' TNM stage ( Kappa =0. 299 ). With multivariate analysis, T ( χ2 value is 11.58, 26. 00 and 51.05, all P ＜ 0. 01 ), N ( χ2 value is 15.28, 16. 10 and 16. 10,all P＜0. 01), M (χ2 value is 5.59, 27.78 and 27.78,all P＜0. 01), and TNM (χ2 value is 15.77, 34,35 and 51. 10,all P＜0. 01 ) stage in 3 kinds of clinical stage were independent prognostic factors. In UICC stage, T1-T3 was difficult to definite and the prognosis was not significantly different in T1 -T3 stage. Conclusions In this study, 3 kinds of clinical stage could evaluate prognosis of esophageal cancer after radiotherapy;cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage need further application, with further accuracy needed.     

食管腔内超声参与的非手术食管癌临床分期与预后的相关性研究

Objective To investigate the clinical staging of non-surgically treated esophageal cancer based on endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and computed tomography (CT) and its prognostic value. Methods A total of 290 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received non-surgical treatment in our hospital from November 2003 to March 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical stage of each patient was evaluated based on EUS and CT according to the 2002 UICC TNM staging system. The survival rates and prognostic factors for patients of different stages were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates, and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis;the multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox model. Results EUS could be completely performed in 178(61.4%) of all patients, and their EUS T and N stages were determined. There were no significant differences in overall survival (OS) between patients with EUS T₁-T₄ diseases (P=0.247);there were significant differences in OS and progression-free survival (PFS) between individuals of different EUS T stages among patients with EUS N₀ disease (P=0.000;P=0.006). OS and PFS also showed significant differences between patients with N₀ and N₁ diseases (P=0.012;P=0.016). EUS could not be completely performed in 112 patients, who had poorer OS and PFS than other patients (P=0.001;P=0.003). CT T and N stages also affected OS and PFS (OS P=0.004, PFS P=0.030;OS P=0.024, PFS P=0.020). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year sample sizes were 290, 174, and 73, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates for all patients were 61.7%, 27.8%, and 19.8%, respectively. OS and PFS varied significantly between patients of different 2002 UICC clinical stages (P=0.000 and 0.000). The multivariate analysis showed that sex, age and clinical stage were independent prognostic factors (P=0.004, 0.020, and 0.002).Conclusions The clinical staging based on EUS and CT can predict the survival in esophageal cancer
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2014.02.010
基金项目:首都特色临床应用研究(Z121107001012004)
作者单位:100021 北京协和医学院,中国医学科学院肿瘤医院放疗科
通信作者:肖泽芬,Email:xiaozefen@sina.compatients treated with non-surgical method. EUS is recommended as a basic means for pretreatment staging of esophageal cancer in China.
     

鼻咽癌中国2008分期和UICC 2002及2009分期临床应用的评价

目的:评价鼻咽癌中国2008分期、UICC 2002及2009分期系统对预后的预测价值,为鼻咽癌分期系统的进一步修订提供依据。方法:收集2004-10-01-2005-10-31中山大学肿瘤医院收治的869例病理确诊初治无转移且有鼻咽颈部MR资料的鼻咽癌患者,按照鼻咽癌中国2008分期、UICC 2002及2009分期系统重新进行分期,比较3种分期的情况及预后预测价值。结果:在临床分期方面,UICC 2009(χ2=66.042,P<0.001)及2002(χ2=66.582,P<0.001)能更好地预测预后。在T分期方面,UICC 2009分期对局部复发的预测价值优于UICC 2002及2008分期(χ2=13.794,P=0.003),将鼻窦、颅底骨质侵犯合并为T2后,无复发生存曲线能更好地分开;在N分期方面,3种分期各有优势。结论:UICC 2009分期标准能更好地预测预后,但仍存在不足。     

Comparison of different lymph node staging systems in prognosis of gastric cancer: a bi-institutional study from Hungary

Objective:The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) Node (N) classification is the most common used staging method for the prognosis of gastric cancer.It demands adequate,at least 16 lymph nodes (LNs) to be dissected;therefore different staging systems were invented.Methods:Between March 2005 and March 2010,164 patients were evaluated at the Department of General Surgery in the Ken(e)y Gyula Hospital and at the Department of General,Thoracic and Vascular Surgery in the Kaposi Mór Hospital.The 6th,7th and 8th UICC N-staging systems,the number of examined LNs,the number of harvested negative LNs,the metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR) and the log odds of positive LNs (LODDS) were determined to measure their 5-year survival rates and to compare them to each other.Results:The overall 5-year survival rate for all patents was 55.5％ with a median overall survival time of 102 months.The tumor stage,gender,UICC N-stages,MLR and the LODDS were significant prognostic factors for the 5-year survival with univariate analysis.The 6th UICC N-stage did not follow the adequate risk in comparing N2 vs.N0 and N3 vs.N0 with multivariate investigation.Comparison of performances of the residual N classifications proved that the LODDS system was first in the prediction of prognosis during the evaluation of all patents and in cases with less than 16 harvested LNs.The MLR gave the best prognostic prediction when adequate (more than or equal to 16) lymphadenectomy was performed.Conclusions:We suggest the application of LODDS system routinely in western patients and the usage of MLR classification in cases with extended lymphadenectomy.     

Influence of the Application of MRI on the T, N Staging System of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of utilizing MRI on the T, N staging system (the 5th edition, UICC) and on the 1992 China staging systems (Fuzhou-Guangzhou,China) by comparing the results of CT and MRI examinations of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).METHODS All 56 NPC patients, which were confirmed by histology,accepted both CT and MRI examinations. CT system scans were obtained by using an Elscient CT Twin Flash with the conventional axial scan. Three cases were examined by an additional coronary scan and 16 patients received an enhanced CT. The MR imaging was performed with a 0.5T MR system (Philips T5- II Ultra-Magnetic). The conventional axial, sagittal and coronary sections with SE sequences were obtained. The scan field was from the supra sellar cistern to the inferior border of C2. Most patients (50/56) accepted contrast enhanced MRI.RESULTS The pharyngobasilar fascia can clearly be seen on MRI but not on CT, so MRI can accurately determine the lesion in the nasopharyngeal cavity. MRI is more sensitive for evaluation of tumor involvement of soft tissue such as the Iongus colli muscle (14 cases by CT and 26 by MRI), tensor veli patalini muscle and levator veli palatini muscle (17 cases by CT and 23 by MRI), and skull-base bone marrow invasion (15 cases by CT and 42 by MRI). MRI can also demonstrate the invasion of the carotid sheath area and the enlargement of retropharyngeal lymph nodes more definitely than CT.The involvement of the trigeminal nerve can be detected on MRI, which may influence the clinical staging directly.CONCLUSION Of the 56 cases examined, 16 (28.6%) changed the staging based on UICC staging; while 33.9% (19/56) cases changed based on the 1992 China-stagin9 system. The major influence of MRI examinations on the 1992 staging was to differentiate the involvement of the carotid sheath area from metastasis of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. There also was a significant difference in finding early invasion of the skull base.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

基于调强放疗远期结果的鼻咽癌'92分期和2008分期结果比较

目的 基于鼻咽癌调强放疗(IMRT)的远期结果,对中国鼻咽癌'92分期和2008分期标准的分期结果进行比较.方法 对498例初诊接受IMRT的鼻咽癌病例资料进行回顾分析,比较两种分期中各分期病例数分布情况,分别评价两种分期间T分期、N分期、临床分期的各自生存率差异和肿瘤相关生存率差异.采用Kappa值和Pearson相关系数评价两种分期中临床分期的一致性和相关性.结果 '92分期与2008分期标准T_1、T_2、T_3期局部无复发生存曲线靠拢或交叉,但均与T_4期间隔不交叉.'92分期标准N_1、N_2期无远处转移生存曲线几乎重叠,而2008分期标准各N期间不相交.两种分期标准临床分期的肿瘤相关生存曲线相似,一致率为89%(Kappa=0.833,P<0.01),相关性较强(r=0.919,P<0.01).结论 鼻咽癌'92分期和2008分期标准差异主要体现在N分期,T分期和临床分期差异不大;2008分期标准N分期较'92分期能更好预测无远处转移生存率;两种分期标准有一定的一致性和相关性.     

鼻咽癌UICC第7版分期与中国2008分期比较及分期更新建议

目的 比较鼻咽癌UICC第7版分期及中国2008分期, 并对分期的更新提供参考依据。方法 回顾分析2006—2012年病理确诊的初治无远处转移、接受调强适形放疗的鼻咽癌患者767例。以OS、LRFS、DMFS为主要预后指标, 比较两种分期系统T分期、N分期、临床分期对预后的预测价值。Kaplan-Meier法计算各项生存率, 组间差异比较行Logrank检验, Cox法多因素分析。结果 从T分期来看, 中国2008分期在预测OS、LFFS方面优于UICC分期。从N分期来看, 两种分期在预测OS、DMFS方面相当。从临床分期来看, UICC分期在预测OS方面优于中国2008分期。依据统计结果推荐的新分期中T分期、N分期、临床分期对预后均有较好预测价值。结论 鼻咽癌UICC第7版分期与中国2008分期在预测预后方面各有优势。推荐的新分期方案对当前鼻咽癌分期的更新有一定价值。     

鼻咽癌前瞻性多中心临床分期研究的初步结果

目的 通过比较鼻咽癌2008分期和第7版UICC或AJCC分期标准的病例分布和预后价值,探讨两种分期合理性。方法 分析2009—2010年全国9个肿瘤中心收治的 1508例无远处转移鼻咽癌首诊患者的临床资料,分别根据鼻咽癌2008分期与第7版UICC或AJCC分期进行分期,分析和评价两种分期病例分布的一致性及 3年LRFS、DMFS、OS率。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算LRFS、DMFS和OS率,Logrank检验差异。结果 两种分期的T期、N期、临床分期病例分布相似(Kappa=0.80、0.60、0.60),临床分期OS曲线和T分期LRFS曲线也较一致,但Ⅰ、Ⅱ期OS曲线相似,T₁—T₃期LRFS曲线出现靠拢或重叠。2008分期N₀与N₁期曲线相似,而UICC或AJCC分期N₁与N₂期曲线相似。结论 两种分期病例分布、临床分期及T分期预后相似,但N分期预后不同。两种分期中临床分期、T分期、N分期的预后需进一步完善。     

基于鼻咽癌临床Ⅲ期探讨第8版AJCC/UICC分期系统

目的 基于调强放疗临床Ⅲ期鼻咽癌的生存分析中探讨第8版AJCC/UICC鼻咽癌分期系统。方法 2008-2014年在汕头大学医学院附属肿瘤医院首次治疗的 1351例鼻咽癌患者中按第7、8版标准重新分期,确定Ⅲ期患者分别为742、784例,将其各自分为3个亚组:T3N0-1期为 G1(226、245例),T1-2N2期为 G2(180、187例),T3N2期为G3(336、352例)。Kaplan-Meier法分别计算3个组 5年总生存(OS)、无进展生存(PFS)、无远处转移生存(DMFS)、无局部区域复发生存(LRRFS),并log-rank检验组间差异。结果 第8版病例中93.6%与第7版的相同。第8版与第7版总体的OS、PFS、DMFS、LRRFS分别为84.8%与85.4%、76.2%与77.0%、80.4%与81.3%、89.8%与90.6%(P均>0.05)。第8版分期3个亚组的OS、PFS和DMFS均不同(P均<0.001);G1与 G2、G1与G3也不同(P均<0.05),G2与G3间相近(P=0.183、0.310、0.248)。结论 第8版AJCC/UICC分期系统对临床Ⅲ期病例的分布特点及临床终点相对于第7版变化不大,亚组间仍有明显的组内生存风险分布差异,其中N2对Ⅲ期患者的生存风险评估起到主要作用。可能在IMRT联合化疗时代局部肿瘤对预后的影响已经减弱,第8版分期系统仍然有改进的空间。     

Discussion of the 8th edition of AJCC/UICC staging system from the clinical stage Ⅲ nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Objective To evaluate the 8^th edition of AJCC/UICC staging system for stage Ⅲ nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by the survival analysis. All patients were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Among 1351 treatment-naïve NPC patients who received radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy in our hospital from December 2008 to October 2014, 742 and 784 cases were classified as clinical stage Ⅲ based on the criteria of the 7^th and 8^th edition of AJCC/UICC staging systems, respectively. These patients were classified into three subgroups according to the 7^th and 8^th edition of AJCC/UICC staging systems:T3N0-1 as G1(n=226, n=245), T1-2N2 as G2(n=180, n=187) and T3N2 as G3(n=336, n=352). The 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and local-regional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method. The differences among different groups were evaluated by log-rank test. Results There were 93.6% patients evaluated by the 8^th AJCC/UICC staging system remained the same cohort with those by the 7^th AJCC/UICC staging system. The 5-year OS, PFS, DMFS and LRRFS of the 8^th and 7^th staging systems were 84.8% and 85.4%, 76.2% and 77.0%, 80.4% and 81.3%, 89.8% and 90.6%, respectively (all P>0.05). The OS, PFS or DMFS significantly differed among three subgroups classified by the 8^th staging system (all P<0.001). In addition, statistical significance was observed between G1 and G2, and between G1 and G3(both P<0.05), whereas no statistical significance was noted between G2 and G3(P=0.183, 0.310, 0.248). Conclusions The distribution features and clinical endpoints of clinical stage Ⅲ defined by the 8^th AJCC/UICC staging system are similar to those defined by the 7^th AJCC/UICC staging system. The distribution of survival risk significantly differs among different subgroups. N2 plays a major role in assessing the survival risk of patients with stage Ⅲ NPC. In the era of IMRT plus chemotherapy, the effect of local tumors on clinical prognosis has been diminished. The 8^th AJCC/UICC staging system remains to be further improved.     

鼻咽癌2008分期与'92分期的比较研究

目的 通过分析MRI诊断的鼻咽癌资料,对鼻咽癌2008分期和'92分期进行比较研究.方法 回顾分析777例行鼻咽和颈部MRI扫描的无远处转移鼻咽癌初诊患者的临床及影像资料,分别根据鼻咽癌2008分期与'92分期标准重新分期,比较两种分期系统的病例分布、生存及预后情况.777例患者中513例常规放疗,264例调强放疗.结果 3年随访率为97.6%.两种分期中T分期、N分期和临床分期的病例分布相似(Kappa=0.93,P=0.000;Kappa=0.58,P=0.000;Kappa=0.74,P=0.000),T分期局部复发生存曲线和临床分期疾病相关生存曲线也比较一致.'92分期标准下N0与N1期无远处转移生存曲线相似(x2=1.94,P=0.164),N1与N2期的曲线接近有统计学意义(x2=3.83,P=0.051);2008分期标准下N0与N1a期曲线相交叉(x2=0.07,P=0.797),但N1b与N2、N2与N3期曲线均能较好拉开(x2=4.95,P=0.026;x2=6.74,P=0.009).预后分析结果显示常规放疗与调强放疗不是影响生存的因素(x2=3.60,P=0.058),2008分期将淋巴结侧数、分区、包膜外侵犯纳入N分期标准中是合理的(x2=6.59,P=0.010;x2=4.78,P=0.029;x2=9.32,P=0.002).结论 鼻咽癌2008分期的T分期简化是合理的,N分期可以更好的预测远处转移,咽后淋巴结在分期中的地位值得进一步探讨.     

鼻咽癌中国2008分期和UIOO2002及2009分期临床应用的评价

目的：评价鼻咽癌中国2008分期、UICC2002及2009分期系统对预后的预测价值,为鼻咽癌分期系统的进一步修订提供依据。方法：收集20041001—2005—10-31中山大学肿瘤医院收治的869例病理确诊初治无转移且有鼻咽颈部MR资料的鼻咽癌患者,按照鼻咽癌中国2008分期、UICC2002及2009分期系统重新进行分期,比较3种分期的情况及预后预测价值。结果：在临床分期方面,UICC2009（x^2=66．042,P〈0．001）及2002（x^2=66．582,P〈0．001）能更好地预测预后。在T分期方面,UICC2009分期对局部复发的预测价值优于UICC2002及2008分期（x^2=13．794,P=0．003）,将鼻窦、颅底骨质侵犯合并为T2后,无复发生存曲线能更好地分开;在N分期方面,3种分期各有优势。结论：UICC2009分期标准能更好地预测预后,但仍存在不足。     

A comparison of the Chinese 1992 and fifth-edition International Union Against Cancer staging systems for staging nasopharyngeal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The Chinese 1992 staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been widely adopted in mainland China since 1992. The fifth edition of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM classification defines new rules for classifying NPC. The current study compares the two in predicting NPC prognosis. METHODS: Four hundred eleven NPC patients, most of whom had disease of undifferentiated histologic type and were treated in a constant fashion and with definitive intent with radiation therapy alone, entered this comparative study. The patients were restaged according to the rules of the fifth edition of the UICC staging manual and the Chinese 1992 staging system. RESULTS: In the opinion of the authors, the predictive power of the Chinese 1992 T classification was superior. Conversely, the authors felt that the UICC N classification was more reasonable. The patients were categorized more evenly by the UICC stages than by the Chinese 1992 stages. The 5-year disease specific survival rates for patients in corresponding stages of both systems were almost identical despite differences in the criteria defining T and N classifications. Statistical analysis showed that the agreement rate was 72%. There were some agreement and correlation between the two staging systems. CONCLUSIONS: Both systems are essentially similar. Each system appears to have some subtleties that could improve the outcome prediction of the other system if the two were somehow combined. However, it appeared to the authors that the UICC system was slightly better.     

416例鼻咽癌调强放疗远期生存与影响因素分析

目的 总结鼻咽癌调强放疗(IMRT)的远期生存与影响因素。方法 本院2001—2009年采用IMRT技术治疗初程鼻咽癌患者 416例,鼻咽原发灶、阳性淋巴结的大体肿瘤体积处方剂量为 70~78 Gy,临床靶体积处方剂量为60 Gy,淋巴结阴性引流区处方剂量为 50~56 Gy。Ⅲ+Ⅳ期 333例中 187例接受以顺铂30 mg/m²每周1次为主的同期化疗。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox法多因素预后分析。结果 随访率98.0%,随访超过 5年的 158例。影响总生存的因素有性别(χ²=4.59,P=0.03)、年龄(χ²=11.20,P=0.00)、T分期(χ²=19.40,P=0.00),N分期(χ²=18.00,P=0.00),T分期影响局部控制(χ²=34.80,P=0.00),T分期、N分期均影响无瘤生存率和无远处转移生存(χ²=33.50、21.20,P=0.00、0.00和 χ²=11.90、14.60,P=0.01、0.01)。Ⅲ+Ⅳ期 333例中同期放化疗(187例)和单纯放疗(146例)的 5年局部控制率为82.2%和90.7%(χ²=1.72, P=0.19)、总生存率为70.2%和83.4%(χ²=1.42,P=0.23)、无瘤生存率为62.8%和73.2%(χ²=2.83,P=0.09)、无远处转移生存率为78.0%和83.2%(χ²=0.37,P=0.55)。结论 鼻咽癌IMRT取得较好疗效,但同期化疗的作用仍有待进一步证实。     

调强放疗技术对鼻咽癌UICC/AJCC分期的影响

目的 探讨调强放疗(IMRT)技术的应用对鼻咽癌第六版UICC/AJCC分期系统的影响.方法 回顾分析2001-2007年间在本院接受IMRT的570例初诊鼻咽癌患者资料,比较不同T分期、N分期以及临床分期之间生存率的差异.结果 全组随访2～94个月,中位值42个月;随访满5年者为184例.全组5年局部无复发生存率、无远处转移生存率和总生存率分别为93.0%、85.4%和83.3%.T分期中T_1、T_(2a)与T_(2b)期间5年局部无复发生存率(100%、100%、94.5%)差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.92,P=0.166;χ~2:035,P=0.555),T_(2b)与T_3、T_3和T_4期的差异亦无统计学意义(χ~2=2.62,P=0.106;χ~2=1.55,P=0.214).N分期中N_2与N_1、N_3期5年无远处转移生存率(80.2%、86.2%、61.4%)差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.22,P=0.136;χ~2=1.92,P=0.165).临床分期中Ⅰ、Ⅱ_a、Ⅱ_b期间的5年总生存率(91.7%、100%、95.3%)差异无统计学意义(χ~2:0.32,P=0.574;χ~2=0.25,P=0.617),Ⅳ_a和Ⅳ_b期的差异亦无统计学意义(χ~2=0.25,P=0.616).结论 采用IMRT技术治疗鼻咽癌患者,目前的鼻咽癌第六版UICC/AJCC分期系统存在不同期别5年生存率差异不明显的现象.