腹腔镜保守手术联合GnRH-a对子宫内膜异位症患者卵巢功能及妊娠率影响研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜保守手术联合促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)对子宫内膜异位症(内异症)患者卵巢功能及妊娠率的影响.方法 选择浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院于2018年10月至2019年3月收治的98例内异症Ⅲ期以上患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各49例.对照组给予腹腔镜保守手术治疗,术后不予药...     

腹腔镜手术在子宫内膜异位症治疗中的应用分析

目的 探究腹腔镜手术对子宫内膜异位症患者的疗效及临床价值。方法 选取80例子宫内膜异位症患者,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组（40例）和研究组（40例）,对照组患者采取促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRH-a）治疗,研究组患者实施腹腔镜手术+GnRH-a方式治疗。两组均治疗3个月。比较各种临床指标。结果 治疗后,与对照组相比,研究组总有效率更高;研究组疼痛评分、恶变率更低;研究组妊娠率、抗缪勒氏管激素水平均更高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 子宫内膜异位症患者采取腹腔镜手术治疗可有效提高临床疗效,缓解疼痛,降低恶变率与复发率,改善卵巢功能,提高妊娠率。     

改良超长方案对子宫内膜异位症患者IVF/ICSI妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨改良超长方案对子宫内膜异位症患者在体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)/卵细胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)的应用及其对妊娠结局的影响。方法:对65例子宫内膜异位症患者长效长方案助孕未孕之后行改良超长方案(n=65),比较两种方案促性腺激素启动前一日黄体生成素(LH)水平、注射绒促性素(HCG)日LH水平、孕酮(P)水平、雌激素(E2)水平、P/E2比值、子宫内膜厚度、促排天数、用药量、平均获卵数、受精率、优胚率,且统计改良超长方案组着床率、临床妊娠率、活产率等。结果:与长效长方案组相比,改良超长方案组Gn启动前一日LH水平(2.54±0.87 U/L vs 1.04±1.76 U/L,P=0.000)、HCG日LH水平(1.39±0.66 U/L vs 1.01±0.52 U/L,P=0.000)、P/E2比值(0.42±0.25 vs 0.32±0.17,P=0.010)均明显下降,而HCG日E2(657.86±260.39 pmol/L vs 781.11±401.34 pmol/L,P=0.040)、促排卵用药量(2425.19±868.56 U vs 3172.31±1137.67 U,P=0.000)明显增加。虽其他指标无明显差异,但改良超长方案组受精率[(64.22±24.03)%vs(75.49±19.1)%,P=0.004]明显增加。改良超长方案组着床率39.26%,临床妊娠率64.41%,活产率45.76%。结论:改良超长方案有助于改善子宫内膜异位症患者IVF/ICSI妊娠结局。     

子宫内膜异位症不孕患者腹腔镜术后提高妊娠率方法及助孕时机选择

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症不孕患者腹腔镜术后提高妊娠率的有效方法及助孕时机的选择。方法选择浙江大学附属妇产科医院2006年1月至2008年1月331例子宫内膜异位症不孕患者为研究对象,根据其腹腔镜术后不同治疗方案分组:A组(82例)腹腔镜术后未用药物直接试孕者;B组(81例)腹腔镜术后试孕1年及以上未孕接受辅助生育技术(ART)者;C组(90例)腹腔镜术后应用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)辅助治疗3个月后直接试孕者;D组(78例)腹腔镜术后应用GnRH-a辅助治疗3个月后接受ART者。分析患者的临床病理资料,并追踪随访24个月。结果Ⅲ、Ⅳ期子宫内膜异位症不孕患者在术后2年内,妊娠率A组32.7%(17/52),B组58.0%(29/50),C组45.2%(28/62),D组59.6%(31/52),A组显著低于B和D组(P<0.01);A组与C组妊娠率比较,C组与B、D组的妊娠率比较,B组与D组的妊娠率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Ⅲ、Ⅳ期子宫内膜异位症不孕患者腹腔镜术后采用ART治疗可以有效提高妊娠率;术后是否需要药物预治疗以及ART选择时机应根据患者年龄、不孕年限、病情程度等差异而制...     

腹腔镜手术联合促性腺激素释放激素激动剂治疗子宫内膜异位症的临床效果

目的探讨腹腔镜手术联合促性腺激素释放激素激动剂治疗子宫内膜异位症的临床。方法对108例子宫内膜异位症患者基础资料收集整合并纳入研究对象,参照区组随机设计原则划分本组患者为两组,即参照组54例、研究组54例。前组患者给予腹腔镜手术治疗,后组患者给予腹腔镜手术联合促性腺激素释放激素激动剂进行治疗,统计整合两组与治疗的相关数据指标情况并进行比较。结果研究组经治疗后FSH、LH、E2指标数值明显优于参照组,P<0.05;研究组PRL指标数值与参照组无明显差异,P>0.05;研究组受孕率明显高于参照组,P<0.05;研究组复发率明显低于参照组,P<0.05。结论针对子宫内膜异位症患者采取腹腔镜手术联合促性腺激素释放激素激动剂治疗方法,治疗效果佳,复发率低,患者在治疗后受孕率有所提升,值得推广。     

促性腺激素释放激素激动剂治疗子宫内膜异位症的疗效与安全性

目的 了解促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)治疗复发的子宫内膜异位症和特殊部位的子宫内膜异位症(如阴道直肠隔或会阴子宫内膜异位症)的疗效与安全性。方法 观察21例子宫内膜异位症患者采用GnRH-a曲普瑞林治疗前后的症状、体征、子宫内膜异位症病灶大小、肝肾功能、血脂的变化以及不良反应。结果 曲普瑞林于治疗4周后总主观症状评分下降了45％,8周后下降70％,12周后下降88％,16周后下降91％;与治疗前比较,子宫内膜异位病灶大小于治疗16周后下降了34％(P<0.01)。肝、肾功能、血脂等生化指标均在正常范围,且治疗前后无明显变化(P>0.05)。潮热、出汗等血管舒缩症状的发生率为40％,不规则阴道出血的发生率为11％。结论 曲普瑞林治疗子宫内膜异位症安全、有效,但由于可发生潮热、出汗、不规则阴道出血等低雌激素症状,疗程不宜超过6个月。     

子宫内膜增生的治疗进展

子宫内膜增生是临床常见妇科病变，具有一定的癌变倾向，被列为癌前病变，正确、及时地诊断和治疗对防止病变进展意义重大。传统治疗中以手术治疗为多，以防癌变。近年随着发病人群年轻化及对生育的要求、监测随访手段的提高，内分泌治疗发展迅速。介绍子宫内膜增生的病理分级及相关因素，并按子宫内膜增生类型分别阐述其治疗方法及孕激素、达那唑、促性腺激素释放激素等治疗及手术治疗的应用。     

促性腺激素释放激素激动剂对重度子宫内膜异位症患者行体外受精-胚胎移植结果的影响

子宫内膜异位症(内异症)是育龄妇女的常见病，50％的患者合并不孕。体外受精一胚胎移植(IVF-ET)已成为内异症并发难治性不孕的主要治疗方法。促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)治疗内异症及其相关症状的疗效，临床也已肯定。本研究探讨内异症患者行IVF-ET前予GnRH-a治疗，对IVF-ET效果的影响。     

GnRHa低剂量长方案治疗对卵巢型子宫内膜异位症患者术后妊娠的影响CSCD

目的探讨促性腺激素释放激素(GnRHa)低剂量长方案治疗对卵巢型子宫内膜异位症(OEM)患者术后妊娠的影响。方法选取广东省惠州市中心人民医院2015年5月至2020年5月收治的180例OEM患者为研究对象,根据术后GnRHa长方案不同剂量分为低剂量组(n=60,0.40 mg)、中剂量组(n=60,0.80 mg)、高剂量组(n=60,1.0 mg),对比三组体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)情况。结果高剂量组人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)日促黄体生成素(LH)高于低剂量组与中剂量组(P<0.05),低剂量组hCG日孕酮(P)低于中剂量组与高剂量组(P<0.05);低剂量组可用胚胎率高于中剂量组与高剂量组(P<0.05),中剂量组可用胚胎率高于高剂量组(P<0.05);低剂量组低反应、高反应发生率低于中、高剂量组(P<0.05)。结论GnRHa低剂量长方案可保证OEM患者术后IVF-ET更高的妊娠率,且安全保障性良好。     

Selection of ovarian stimulation protocol is related to IVF treatment outcome in women 35 years of age and older

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess if the woman's age influenced IVF treatment outcome when a long GnRHa-hMG or a CC-hMG ovarian stimulation protocol was used. Two hundred women were included in the study, 100 women under the age of 35 and 100 women 35 years of age and older (mean 31.8 years and 36.7 years respectively). In the younger group as well as in the older group 50 women were stimulated according to a GnRHahMG protocol and 50 women received a CC-hMG regimen.Results Significant differences between stimulation protocols were found in the older group for the mean numbers of oocytes recovered (4.7 vs 3.0), preembryos obtained (3.2 vs 2.0) and replaced (2.3 vs 1.7), as well as pregnancy (30 % vs 10 %) and delivery (24 % vs 4 %) rates per replacement.Conclusion It is concluded that women over 35 years of age seem to have a more favorable outcome of IVF treatment when using a long GnRHa-hMG protocol compared with CC-hMG, while this difference was not as obvious and lacking statistical significance under the age of 35.     

Intrauterine insemination with husband semen: an evaluation of pregnancy rate and factors affecting outcome

Purpose  The aim was to determine pregnancy rate following intrauterine insemination (IUI) and its associated factors in a university assisted reproductive technique center in Tehran, Iran. Methods  A retrospective analysis of 350 IUI cycles with ovarian stimulation by clomiphene citrate and/or gonadotropins was performed. Results  The overall pregnancy rate was 22% (77/350). Of the 77 pregnancies, 88.3% resulted in live birth, 7.8% in spontaneous abortion, 2.6% in blighted ovum and 1.3% were ectopic. Logistic regression analysis revealed three predictive variables as regards pregnancy: number of the treatment cycle (OR:3.5 CI:1.9 – 6.4 p:0.006), duration of infertility (OR:2.1 CI:1.2 – 3.7 p = 0.001) and age (OR:2.15 CI:1.1 – 4.4 p = 0.04). Pregnancy rate did not have any independent relation to sperm count, type of infertility, number and size of follicle and side of ovulatory ovary. Conclusion  Our results indicate that clomiphene citrate and/or gonadotropins IUI is a convenient and useful treatment option in women with younger age ( <30 years) and fewer treatment cycles and fewer infertility duration (4 years). Capsule Best results for intrauterine insemination with ovarian stimulation is obtained in women with younger age, fewer treatment cycles and fewer infertility duration. This study was conducted in Human Reproduction Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.     

Controlled ovarian stimulation with exclusive FSH followed by stimulation with hCG alone, FSH alone or hMG

OBJECTIVE: To assess if low-dose hCG is similar to hMG and to rFSH in the late follicular phase. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective randomized controlled trial, 51 patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation received ovarian priming with rFSH and then received hCG (200 IU/day) (hCG group, n=17), hMG (225 IU/day) (hMG group, n=17) or rFSH (200 IU/day) (FSH group, n=17) in the late stage of follicular development. Parameters of follicular response and serum estradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels were assessed. RESULTS: Pre-ovulatory ovarian follicle occurrence and length of treatment were similar among the three treatment groups. Serum progesterone level on the day of pre-ovulatory hCG was significantly higher in the hCG group than in the hMG or rFSH group. Clinical pregnancy rates were similar for all groups. The total cost of treatment was significantly lower for the hCG group than for the groups supplemented with hMG or rFSH. CONCLUSIONS: LH in the form of low-dose hCG during the late follicular phase induced the same follicular pattern as hMG and rFSH after ovulation induction. The procedure using hCG produced pregnancy rates similar to those obtained using hMG and rFSH, even though the patients showed higher serum progesterone levels on the hCG day.     

Follicular growth, endometrial thickness, and serum estradiol levels in spontaneous and clomiphene citrate-induced cycles.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate follicular growth, endometrial thickness, and serum estradiol levels in spontaneous cycles and cycles induced by clomiphene citrate (CC). METHODS: A 2-year prospective study of spontaneous cycle followed by a CC-induced cycle to compare paired data. Twenty couples with unexplained infertility were recruited from the Infertility Clinic of the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research. An oral dose of 150 mg of CC was administered on days 5 through 9 of the CC-induced cycle. Each woman was evaluated using transvaginal sonography and serum estradiol level estimation from day 10 of the menstrual cycle until ovulation. Results were analyzed using the paired t-test. RESULTS: The leading follicular diameter was significantly larger, endometrial thickness was significantly decreased, and serum estradiol levels were significantly higher in the follicular phase of CC-induced cycles. CONCLUSIONS: Clomiphene citrate-induced cycles showed different follicular, endometrial growth patterns, and serum estradiol levels compared with spontaneous cycles.     

Effects of clomiphene citrate and leuprolide acetate on luteal-phase hyperprolactinemia during ovarian stimulation with menopausal gonadotropins

Hyperprolactinemia, a known modulator of reproductive function, occurs commonly in women undergoing ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG). Clomiphene citrate (CC) and gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa), when administered during the luteal phase, attenuate the hyperprolactinemic response to hMG. We asked whether follicular-phase administration of CC and GnRHa, as employed clinically in women undergoing ovarian stimulation forin vitro fertilization or gamete intrafallopian transfer, would alter the incidence and severity of hMG-induced luteal-phase hyperprolactinemia. Seventy-five percent of all patients had at least one luteal prolactin level >25 ng/ml, and 40% had mean luteal-phase prolactin levels >25 ng/ml. The incidence of hyperprolactinemia was similar in pregnant and nonpregnant cycles. The incidence of hyperprolactinemia was similar for both the GnRH agonist-treated group and those given clomiphene citrate. The increase in mean luteal prolactin levels over the follicular-phase baseline level was significantly greater in the CC-treated group (P=0.03). This was due to the significant suppression of follicular-phase baseline prolactin levels in patients receiving CC. We conclude that neither CC nor GnRHa administration in the follicular phase prevents lutealphase hyperprolactinemia in women undergoing ovarian stimulation with hMG.     

Relationships between pregnancy rates following in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection and endometrial thickness and pattern

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of endometrial thickness and pattern on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration on in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI) outcome. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 150 infertile women undergoing embryo transfer after IVF/ICSI cycles were studied in a prospective survey. Sonographic features of the endometrium (thickness and pattern) on the day of hCG administration, hormonal profile (progesterone, estradiol, FSH, LH) and various other variables (maternal age, causes and duration of infertility, duration of treatment, number of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) ampoules administered, and number of oocytes retrieved) were evaluated. These variables in pregnant and nonpregnant patients were compared. RESULTS: There was no difference between pregnant and nonpregnant patients in mean endometrium thickness (10.1+/-1 versus 10.2+/-2, p=0.79). Pregnancies occurred only in patients with an endometrial thickness of 9-12 mm (p=0.036). Duration of treatment, number of hMG ampoules administered, number of oocytes retrieved, estradiol concentration, and estradiol/progesterone ratio on the day of hCG differed significantly between pregnant and nonpregnant patients. There was no correlation between endometrial pattern and pregnancy rate. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multiple logistic regression showed no significant effect of endometrial thickness in the outcome of IVF/ICSI. CONCLUSION: The sonographic features of the endometrium (thickness and pattern) on the day of hCG administration did not differ between pregnant and nonpregnant patients. The pregnancy rate declined beyond two limits of endometrial thickness.     

The role of sonographic endometrial patterns and endometrial thickness in the differential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of the endometrial trilaminar pattern and thickness in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed patient records for clinical and ultrasonographic data for patients with the suspicion of ectopic pregnancy. The trilaminar pattern and endometrial thickness were tested as predictors for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. RESULTS: The trilaminar pattern had a specificity of 94% and sensitivity of 38% (n = 403 women). The mean endometrial thickness was thinner in patients with ectopic, compared with normal pregnancy (9.5 +/- 5.7 mm vs 12.4 +/- 5.9 mm; P = .035). Patients with normal pregnancy or first-trimester losses had comparable thicknesses (12.4 +/- 5.9 mm vs 12.5 +/- 8.0 mm). The receiver operator curve showed that there was no thickness value useful for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The trilaminar pattern is specific for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, but it is associated with low sensitivity. The endometrial thickness tends to be thinner in patients with an ectopic pregnancy.     

Clomiphene citrate intrauterine insemination (IUI) before gonadotropin IUI affects the pregnancy rate and the rate of high-order multiple pregnancies

OBJECTIVE: To determine if previous treatment with clomiphene citrate intrauterine insemination (CC-IUI) affects pregnancy and high-order multiple pregnancy (HOMP) rates in subsequent hMG-IUI or FSH-IUI cycles. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Private infertility clinic. PATIENT(S): Five hundred fifty-one patients (age <38 years) without tubal factor infertility, treated with 918 cycles of hMG/FSH-IUI after one or more unsuccessful cycles of CC-IUI; 908 patients treated with 1459 cycles of hMG/FSH-IUI without prior CC-IUI. INTERVENTION(S): CC-IUI, hMG-IUI, FSH-IUI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy rate per cycle, HOMP (three or more gestational sacs). RESULT(S): Pregnancy rates during the first three hMG-IUI or FSH-IUI cycles averaged 21.8 +/- 1.1% without previous CC-IUI, 19.6 +/- 1.3% after one to four cycles of CC-IUI, and 3.6 +/- 2.6% after >or= five previous CC-IUI cycles. The HOMP rates were 8.8% without previous CC-IUI, 7.5% after one, 5.7% after two and <2.6% (0 out of 38) after >or= three previous CC-IUI cycles. CONCLUSION(S): Pregnancy rates in hMG/FSH-IUI cycles are significantly reduced after four unsuccessful CC-IUI cycles. High-order multiple pregnancies due to hMG/HMG-IUI are reduced following previous unsuccessful CC-IUI cycles.     

Follicular aspiration does not protect against the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of follicular aspiration on the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).Design A retrospective study was done on 219 IVF cycles that proceeded to follicular aspiration (group A) and they were compared with 189 cycles of ovulation induction for non-IVF cycles (group B). We compared the incidence of OHSS in regularly ovulating patients (subgroups A1 and B1) and anovulatory patients (subgroups A2 and B2) in both groups.Settings The study took place at The Egyptian IVF-ET Center.Participants Participants were 319 infertility patients.Intervention Ovulation was induced and follicles were aspirated.Main Outcome Measures The incidences of moderate and severe OHSS were the main outcome measures.Results The incidence of OHSS in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P =0.016). There was no significant difference in the incidence of OHSS between subgroup A1 and subgroup B1 or between subgroup A2 and subgroup B2. Conclusions Follicular aspiration had no effect on the incidence of OHSS. In contrast, the higher incidence of OHSS in group B was related to the higher incidence of anovulatory infertility.     

Advantages of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone over human menopausal gonadotropin for ovarian stimulation in intrauterine insemination: a randomized clinical trial in unexplained infertility

Objective

To compare two different gonadotropin preparations, human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH), combined with clomiphene citrate (CC) in women with unexplained infertility undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI).

Study design

In this prospective clinical trial, couples prepared for IUI cycles were randomly allocated to two groups either to receive CC and hMG (group A, n = 127) or CC and rFSH (group B, n = 132) for ovarian stimulation. Outcomes including rates of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, OHSS, multiple pregnancy, cancelation, and live birth were compared between groups.

Results

Duration of gonadotropin therapy was significantly shorter in group B (5.1 ± 0.84 vs. 4.7 ± 0.8 days, CI = 95%, P < 0.001). The total dose of administered gonadotropin was also significantly lower in group B (386.9 ± 68.2 vs. 348.2 ± 56.3 IU, CI = 95%, P < 0.001). Dominant follicle number (>17 mm), mean follicular diameter, and endometrial thickness on the day of hCG injection were similar. Clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancies, abortion, live birth, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), and cancelation rates were not statistically different between the groups.

Conclusion

IUI cycles in which rFSH had been administered may require shorter duration and a lower total gonadotropin dose.