基于后方医院的野战卫生装备管理系统研究

目的：提高野战卫生装备保障能力。方法：分析了当前野战卫生装备管理中存在的问题,讨论建立基于后方医院的、包括各体系单位的野战卫生装备管理系统的必要性,提出了系统的设计目标,探讨了系统的主要功能。结果：实现了区域资源共享,加强了横向沟通与合作。结论：通过依托后方医院构建野战卫生装备管理平台,可切实提高野战卫生装备的保障能力。     

野战卫勤车辆装载存在的问题及改进方法

阐述了野战卫勤车辆WCY-2002型野战手术车、NJ2045XJH救护车、野战急救车、WCD-2000型卫生防疫车驾乘人员的携行物资装载及战材箱取放药品时存在的问题,并提出相应的改进方法。该方法切实可行,在实际训练中得到了验证。     

国内外野战卫生装备研究进展

回顾国内外野战卫生装备的发展史,探讨外军近年来野战卫生装备的进展,分析军队野战卫生装备发展的现状及存在的问题,研究解决对策。指出应从改革管理体制、调整结构和加强人员训练等3个方面对军队野战卫生装备建设进行改进,提高装备信息化水平和综合保障效能。结合单位实践为野战卫生装备发展提出建议。     

灾害医疗救援中应急车辆的装备

介绍了灾害医疗救援的严峻形势,叙述了医疗救援运输工具的装备和改进是灾害救援的重要组成部分,指出了加强对车载救护设备和野战救援器材的装备和改造应从救援工作的实际需要出发,配备医疗应急通讯指挥车、医疗应急物资保障车及多患者转运越野救护车,以提高医疗救援的组织指挥和应急救援能力。     

基于后方医院的野战卫生装备维修信息系统建设思考

通过建立基于后方医院的、包括各体系单位的野战卫生装备维修系统,可实现区域资源共享,加强横向沟通与合作,有效提高野战卫生装备保障能力。     

浅谈野战医疗所卫生装备平战结合使用管理

目的：探讨野战医疗所的卫生装备平战结合使用管理。方法：将野战医疗所的卫生装备下发到科室,专人管理、专人负责。结果：野战医疗所卫生装备通过平战结合使用管理,提高了野战医疗所人员对装备的使用、保养和维护能力：结论：这种管理方法能够提高野战医疗所的救治能力,适用于野战医疗所卫生装备管理使用？     

我军野战卫生装备发展探讨

本文对我军野战卫生装备的发展历程进行全要素解读,着重介绍野战医疗箱、野战医用供电装备和野战卫生防疫装备的发展过程,通过分析其结构,结合我军野战卫生装备的一些实例进行分析,总结出发展过程中的不足,并探索基于后方医院的技术优势,建立野战卫生装备保障体系。     

加强机动卫勤分队野战卫生装备管理的实践

总结医院近5年承担的野战卫生装备标准化管理试点和训练任务中野战卫生装备管理经验,指出通过树立正确的装备管理思想,健全管理制度和组织建设,确保卫勤分队人员稳定,有计划进行组织指挥能力、专业技能、综合保障能力等训练,落实了野战卫生装备的管理制度等措施,保证了医院野战卫生装备始终处于良好状态。     

野战救护车担架支架隔振效果对比试验研究

目的：研究磁流变隔振装置和钢丝绳隔振装置对某型野战救护车担架支架的隔振效果。方法：对2台采用不同隔振装置的样车进行平顺性随机输入行驶试验，采用DASP软件进行信号处理并对比分析。结果：磁流变隔振装置在不同路况条件下的隔振效果均优于钢丝绳隔振装置。结论：磁流变隔振装置作为一种新型半主动控制隔振装置，适合野战救护车担架支架的二次隔振。     

武警机动部队野战卫生装备管理现状与对策

通过分析当前武警机动部队野战卫生装备管理的现状,指出了野战卫生装备管理中存在的管理手段单一、信息化水平低、操作使用少、维护保养不全等问题,并针对存在的问题提出了领导重视、强化“装备训练”、配齐装备等解决对策,为武警机动部队提高野战卫生装备管理水平提供了参考.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.