320排螺旋CT的维护保养与辐射防护

随着我国国民经济的发展及医疗体制的不断深入改革,人们对健康的关注度越来越高。“防未病”成为我国医疗体制的重要组成部分,基于此,很多医院都引进了大型医疗设备,开展健康体检及疾病诊断工作。这些设备在为医院服务质量带来积极影响的同时,还存在着维护保养、辐射防护等问题,若未得到正确有效的处理,则将会制约医院的可持续发展,因此,做好大型医疗设备的维护保养与辐射防护工作成了各大医院关注的重点。320排螺旋CT是目前医院对疾病进行检查的新型高端设备之一,现展开对设备维护保养与辐射防护现状的探讨,旨在提出积极有效的措施,确保设备能够安全、高效地使用,保障医院医疗工作的正常开展。     

磁共振设备的维护保养及故障维修研究

磁共振设备是医院辅助检查治疗的重要组成,在目前的某些临床辅助诊断中发挥着不可替代的作用,对患者疾病的检查与治疗有积极意义。磁共振设备构造复杂,科技含量高,其维护保养及故障维修是医院设备维护的重点内容。基于此,文章对磁共振设备工作原理进行分析,深层次了解与认识磁共振设备,同时掌握检查室工作原理、机房工作原理与操作间工作原理。分别细化与完善了磁共振设备维护保养流程与故障维修工作,以系统的维护保养体系,分层次、分对象的高效完成磁共振设备维护保养工作,尤其是磁共振设备温、湿度、冷却系统与磁体外部、磁共振检查床等的养护,有效延长磁共振设备使用寿命,确保磁共振设备功能正常发挥。聚焦磁共振设备维护保养与故障维修,以期提高磁共振设备的维护保养及故障维修水平。     

医疗设备的管理及维护维修心得

医疗设备某种程度上代表着医院的综合水平,随着现代医院的发展,对医疗设备的管理要求也越来越高,医疗设备的管理水平也客观反映了医院的整体管理水平。因此,医院必须建立一套规范化、制度化的医疗设备管理模式,并切实做好医院医疗设备的科学管理和定期的维修保养工作,达到提高医疗设备的使用效率和使用寿命目的,更好的发挥医疗设备在现代医院中的巨大作用。本文作者从自身医院出发,探讨了如何做好医疗设备的管理、维护保养及维修等工作,并提出了相应的措施,也有效发挥了医疗设备的效能,提高了设备的使用率,最终无形中提高了医院的综合实力。     

多参数监护仪的日常维护与维修

监护仪使用范围广,工作时间长,在医院是属于频繁检修的设备。正确合理使用,做好维护保养,可以提高社会效益和经济效益。     

驻军医院设备维护保养应注意的几个问题

指出了驻军医院中医疗设备维护保养的重要意义,分析了在目前的医疗设备使用、管理、维护、维修等方面中普遍存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决方法。这些措施在实际工作中取得了良好的效益,对驻军医院医疗设备的维护保养进行了有益探索。     

GE Cardioserv除颤监护仪质量控制与应用

目的：为确保医院除颤监护仪的安全使用,对除颤监护仪进行质量控制。方法：介绍GE公司生产的Cardioserv型除颤监护仪的基本工作原理和维护保养常识,并对常见故障进行分析,掌握该设备的基本维修方法。结果：通过了解该型除颤监护仪的基本原理、使用操作、维护保养及常见故障维修,掌握了该类设备质量控制的方法。结论：对医院除颤监护仪进行质量控制是医疗急救工作的需要,应提高医务人员对其的重视程度,以便更好地完成医疗救护工作。     

浅谈医院医疗设备的维护与保养

随着现代医学与生物医学工程学的发展,先进的医疗设备在医院已得到广范应用,在许多疾病的诊断和治疗中起着不可替代的作用。设备的好坏和使用效益、效果直接影响着医院的经济效益与社会效益,医疗设备的维护与保养在提高医疗设备的使用率、完好率,提高医院的经济效益,降低医院运行成本,优化经费结构,提高医疗设备的整体配置水平方面具有重要意义。如何发挥医院医疗设备的最佳性能,保证设备的正常运转已成为设备管理工作中的重点。本文主要论述了医疗设备维护保养的特     

大型医疗设备维修管理的思考和探讨

目的:医院加强对大型医疗设备的维修管理,体现管理产生效益的理念,有效控制日益增长的维修费用。方法:配备好医院自身维修力量,加强对设备使用人员日常维护保养的教育培训。寻找第三方售后技术支持,加强设备预防性的维护保养,降低故障率;加强对厂家售后服务的合同约束。行业协会、物价部门应对设备维修价格实施监测。结果:通过对大型医疗设备维修管理的探讨,找出切实可行的维修管理办法,提高医疗仪器设备的综合效益。结论:控制医院大型医疗设备的维修费用,降低维修成本,增加医院的经济效益和社会效益。     

CT球管的正确使用及维护保养

CT机作为各级医院最重要的影像设备之一,普及度很高。球管作为CT机的核心部件,如果能做到正确合理的使用及定期的维护保养,必将有效延长其使用寿命。本文具体阐述了CT球管的正确使用及维护保养方法。     

医疗设备的维修与保养工作

从维修工程师的维修装备、人员素质、技术资料、日常保养和知识更新等几个方面探讨了在医疗设备维修中存在的问题,分析了问题存在的原因,提出了重视日常维护保养工作、规范维修档案管理、建立完善的管理制度、提高维修人员素质是保证医院现代化建设、提高医院医疗设备管理水平、确保医疗设备安全使用的关键。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.