基于TMS320C6713的生物雷达信息处理与控制系统的研制

目的：研制基于高速DSP—TMS320C6713的适用于数据量大的超宽谱生物雷达的信息处理与控制系统。方法：控显终端通过蓝牙向该系统发送指令，系统根据指令控制前端雷达，在接收到雷达数据后根据相应算法进行判断识别．并将最终判别结果通过蓝牙发送到控显终端。结果：实现了超宽谱生物雷达数据的接收、处理以及通过蓝牙技术与控显终端的通信。结论：该系统具有运算速度高、抗干扰能力强、体积与质量小等特点，基本能够满足实际工作需要。     

基于超宽谱生物雷达微弱生命信号的非接触监测系统

目的：在穿透非金属障碍物情况下,用生物雷达实现对人体的呼吸和体动信号的现场、实时、非接触监测。方法：设计基于超宽谱（UWB）生物雷达的实时监测系统和参数;采用多线程编程技术,通过无线网络方式实时采集携带人体微弱生命体征的生物雷达回波信号;实时对生物雷达回波信号进行处理。结果：从生物雷达的回波信号中能有效提取出微弱生命呼吸信号和体动信号,并实时显示波形。结论：该系统实现了在穿透障碍物情况下现场、实时、非接触监测人体微弱生命信号,为平、战时更有效地实施医学救援提供了一个新的方法和手段,对临床非接触监护的实现也具有一定意义。     

第四军医大学成功研制出超宽谱生命探测仪

日前，第四军医大学的研究人员成功研制可广泛用于应急救援的“超宽谱生命探测仪”，从而使我国成为继美国之后可自主研制这类高科技生命探测仪的国家之一。该研究项目由第四军医大学生物医学工程系王健琪教授等负责。自1998年以来，王健琪教授带领研制小组对探测仪分别开展了毫米波、厘米波、分米波及超宽谱探测雷达技术的系统研究。研究人员针对该技术中强杂波信号和动目标干扰的抑制等关键问题，     

基于像素分割算法的超宽谱生物雷达目标识别定位技术研究

目的:探索一维距离区分结合像素分割算法在多通道超宽谱生物雷达多目标识别定位中的可行性和适用条件。方法:对雷达接收到的信号先进行分解、重构、滤波,应用一维距离区分算法对多目标进行距离区分,然后采用像素分割算法,根据角度确定原理实现多目标的二维定位。最后征集10名志愿者,利用该方法进行了目标定位实验并给出结果。结果:实验说明像素分割算法对于单目标的定位效果较好,而对于多目标出现误判、漏判的几率则较大。结论:证明先采用一维距离区分、再采用基于像素分割的二维定位算法对3个以内的多静止目标进行定位是可行的,但对不同数量目标的定位精度不同。     

区域医学检验管理系统的设计与实践

目的:设计并应用区域医学检验管理系统.方法:从系统架构、系统运作流程、系统功能、系统接口4个方面对区域医学检验管理系统进行了全面设计.结果:该系统的应用,使医学检测机构内部实现了业务流程的电子化、自动化、集成化,同时也实现了医学检测机构与医疗机构间、医疗机构间、医疗机构内部之间的信息互动、诊断参考.结论:该系统的应用实现了医学检验结果的同城互认,充分发挥了区域设备、技术、人才优势,提高了检验效率,促进了区域化的新型医疗体制的建立.     

生物雷达回波信号中的心跳信号分离和特征提取方法研究综述

介绍了生物雷达检测心跳信号的原理,综述了生物雷达回波信号中的心跳信号分离方法和特征提取方法的研究现状,分析了该领域研究存在的不足及未来的发展方向,指出了基于生物雷达的心跳信号分离和特征提取方法有望应用于心脏疾病快速诊断、老年居家监护、用户身份认证等方面。     

PDA在雷达生命探测仪中的应用研究

目的：为了实现雷达生命探测仪设备的小型化。方法：采用C#语言在Visual Studio.NET开发平台下,开发PDA控制雷达生命探测仪的软件系统。该系统包括对雷达的控制、运动和静止目标实验数据的接收和处理、探测结果的显示。结果：初步实现了基于PDA对雷达生命探测仪的控制,完成了对探测区域内目标的识别。结论：要想克服环境因素限制和避免不正常微动信号造成系统的误判,需要不断调试、检测软件系统的稳定性,从而逐步完善整体性能。     

COPD合并自发性气胸32例治疗体会

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)合并自发性气胸的临床特点和防治方案.方法:对32例COPD合并自发性气胸患者进行回顾性分析.结果:COPD合并自发性气胸诊断及时,胸腔闭式引流术治疗效果明显.结论:对于慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)合并自发性气胸尽早诊断并行胸腔闭式引流术治疗有效、可靠.     

表面增强拉曼光谱快速鉴别食品中的金黄色葡萄球菌

目的:建立采用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术快速鉴别金黄色葡萄球菌的方法,探讨该方法的可行性和应用价值。方法:根据SERS的增强效应,制备金纳米溶胶作为增强试剂,用不同的细菌样品验证SERS光谱鉴别金黄色葡萄球菌的能力。结果:采用36种不同的病原菌随机编号作为未知样品进行拉曼光谱扫描检测,通过聚类分析可达到种属鉴别。结论:金黄色葡萄球菌SERS快速鉴别方法的初步建立,为金黄色葡萄球菌感染诊断及食源性金黄色葡萄球菌污染的快速检测提供基础依据,可用于临床感染诊断及食品卫生监管、商品检验检疫等。     

结核病现状及其实验诊断技术在卫生检疫中的应用

目的 国际旅行的迅速发展导致结核病在全球快速播散.通过对结核病流行现状和入世后卫生检疫面临的形势进行分析,探讨应用简便、快速、特异性高的方法进行结核病检测.方法 对正在应用和研究的结核病实验诊断技术进行分析比较.结核病细菌学检查方法常用的有痰涂片镜检法、结核菌分离培养法、结核菌快速培养法;新进发展建立的结核病的生物技术快速检测方法有:结核病的免疫学诊断、聚合酶链反应(PCR).结果 结核病细菌学检查方法存在技术缺陷,不能满足在出入境人员中进行结核病快速检测和诊断的要求.免疫学诊断技术和分子生物学诊断技术快速、特异、灵敏.结论 要认真履行法律赋予的职责,加强检验检疫系统结核病监测工作.应用快速诊断技术对于提高检验检疫工作时效具有相当重要的作用.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.