早期鼻饲生大黄粉防治重症高血压脑出血后上消化道出血的临床研究

目的研究重症高血压脑出血后早期鼻饲生大黄粉对防治上消化道出血的作用.方法选择GCS4～8分重症高血压脑出血患者82例,随机选41例(实验组)发病后早期(24～48h)鼻饲生大黄粉,另41例(对照组)未予生大黄粉治疗.所有患者其他治疗措施均基本相同.结果 37例患者出现上消化道出血.其中实验组13例,有12例上消化道出血治愈,治愈时间(7.3±2.4)d(n＝12);对照组24例,有14例上消化道出血治愈,治愈时间(13.1±3.2)d(n=14).实验组上消化道出血率和上消化道出血治愈平均时间均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),而上消化首出血治愈率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论早期鼻饲生大黄粉能有效防治重症高血压脑出血后并发上消化道出血,值得临床推广应用.     

早期鼻饲生在黄粉防治重症高血压脑出血后上消化道出血的临床研究

目的　研究重症高血压脑出血后早期鼻饲生大黄粉对防治上消化道出血的作用。方法　选择GCS4～ 8分重症高血压脑出血患者 82例 ,随机选 41例 (实验组 )发病后早期 (2 4～ 48h)鼻饲生大黄粉 ,另 41例 (对照组 )未予生大黄粉治疗。所有患者其他治疗措施均基本相同。结果　 37例患者出现上消化道出血。其中实验组 13例 ,有12例上消化道出血治愈 ,治愈时间 (7.3± 2 .4)d(n =12 ) ;对照组 2 4例 ,有 14例上消化道出血治愈 ,治愈时间 (13.1±3.2 )d(n =14 )。实验组上消化道出血率和上消化道出血治愈平均时间均显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而上消化首出血治愈率显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　早期鼻饲生大黄粉能有效防治重症高血压脑出血后并发上消化道出血 ,值得临床推广应用     

早期鼻饲生大黄粉防治重型颅脑损伤后消化道并发症的临床研究

目的 研究重型颅脑损伤后早期鼻饲生大黄粉防治消化道并发症、促进消化道功能恢复的作用。方法 选择GCS3～8分重型颅脑损伤患者37例作为观察组，入院24h后鼻饲生大黄粉0．1g／kg，3次／d，并与同期未予生大黄粉的35例患者作对照（所有患者其他治疗措施均相同）。比较两组患者给药后3d、5d胃液潴留量与上消化道出血发生率和开始肠内营养供给时间。结果 观察组治疗后3d、5d胃液潴留量明显较治疗前和对照组减少（P〈0．05）；上消化道出血发生率也较对照组明显下降（P〈0．05）；观察组开始肠内营养供给的时间较对照组明显缩短（P〈0．05）。结论 重型颅脑损伤后早期鼻饲生大黄粉能有效减少胃液潴留量和上消化道出血发生率，有助于早期开始肠内营养供给，从而提高救治的成功率。     

重型颅脑损伤并发上消化道出血的防治

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤后上消化道出血的预防和治疗.方法54例重型颅脑损伤(GCS≤8分)作为治疗组,给予洛赛克40 mg,每天2次静脉注射.对照组40例,给予雷尼替丁0.1 g,每天2次静脉注射.入院后常规置胃管每天测胃液潜血和pH值.结果治疗组上消化道出血3例,出血率5.5%,对照组6例,出血率15%(P＜0.05);胃液pH测定治疗组pH值≥6,对照组pH值＜2(P＜0.05).结论早期足量应用胃酸抑制剂对防治重型颅脑损伤后上消化道出血有重要的作用.     

重型颅脑损伤早期上消化道出血的预防性治疗

目的 探讨重型颅脑损伤患者早期并发上消化道出血的发病因素和预防性治疗效果。方法 对58例重型颅脑损伤患者进行分类,分析其并发上消化道出血的内环境因素和预防性治疗措施。结果 并发上消化道出血9例,占15.5％,发生率明显低于有关文献报道,说明对重型颅脑损伤患者早期使用足量的H2-受体阻滞剂,早期鼻饲,维持体内代谢平衡可有效降低上消化道出血的发生率。结论 对重型颅脑损伤患者进行早期综合性预防性治疗,维护体内环境平衡可显著减少上消化道出血的发生。     

早期肠内营养对重型颅脑损伤患者预后的影响

目的 探讨早期肠内营养对重型颅脑损伤患者预后的影响.方法 对72例重型颅脑损伤患者(格拉斯哥昏迷评分＜8分)采用鼻饲管置管早期实施肠内营养支持作为治疗组.另72例重型颅脑损伤患者(格拉斯哥昏迷评分＜8分)采用传统的延迟性胃肠内营养的同类患者作为对照组,进行有关的营养指标、并发症、预后的临床观察及统计学处理,并进行比较.结果 治疗组营养指标均优于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组患者中晚期并发症均少于对照组,预后优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 对重型颅脑损伤患者采用鼻饲管置管进行早期肠内营养支持可减少并发症,改善预后.     

早期肠内营养对老年重型颅脑损伤患者上消化道出血的影响

重型颅脑损伤后常并发上消化道应激性溃疡出血,使病情加重,病死率升高,直接影响伤者预后。老年人对外伤耐受差,对老年重型颅脑损伤患者上消化道出血的防治意义更重大。我们将2006年5月至2008年8月收治的72例老年重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为早期肠内营养支持治疗组和对照组,监测消化道出血情况,旨在探讨早期肠内营养支持治疗对老年重型颅脑损伤患者上消化道出血的影响。     

早期肠内营养对预防重型颅脑损伤应激性溃疡出血的疗效观察

目的 探讨早期肠内营养对重型颅脑损伤患者应激性溃疡出血的预防作用.方法 87例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分成常规治疗组(对照组)43例,早期肠内营养组(观察组)44例.常规治疗组早期给予全胃肠外营养,5～7 d后再逐渐过度至肠内营养.早期肠内营养组颅脑损伤后12～24 h内即行肠内营养支持.观察两组患者的消化道出血及胃内pH值变化情况并进行比较.结果 观察组上消化道出血发生率明显少于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者胃液pH值在入院1～2 d时无显著性差异,入院后3～7 d及8～14 d观察组胃液pH值均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 早期肠内营养对预防重型颅脑损伤患者应激性溃疡有明显疗效.     

早期生大黄对高血压脑出血患者胃肠功能的影响

目的探讨早期鼻饲生大黄治疗对高血压脑出血患者胃肠功能的影响。方法将103例重症高血压脑出血患者分为生大黄组53例,对照组50例;2组基础治疗相同,生大黄组入院24h内给予生大黄粉鼻饲,每次0．15g／kg,用温开水50ml拌匀,每8h1次,连续应用3～7d;比较2组患者治疗后3d和7d胃液潴留量、上消化道出血、胃食管返流发生率、肠功能紊乱发生率的变化。结果生大黄组与对照组比较,胃液潴留量、七消化道出血、胃食管返流、肠功能紊乱发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论早期鼻饲生大黄粉可显著降低胃肠功能障碍的发病率,有利于胃肠功能恢复和早期肠内营养支持治疗,降低病死率。     

大黄对重型颅脑损伤并发上消化道出血的防治作用

目的 探讨大黄对重型颅脑损伤患者并发上消化道出血的防治效果.方法 117例重型颅脑损伤患者(格拉斯哥昏迷评分3～8 分),随机分为大黄治疗组60例,常规组57例(作为对照).观察两组患者应激性出血的发生率.结果 大黄组中并发应激性上消化道出血5例(8.5%),常规组并发应激性上消化道出血11例(20.4%),发生率两组间有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 大黄对重型颅脑损伤并上消化道出血有显著的预防作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.