高分辨质谱法测定海鱼中二噁(口英)和多氯联苯

目的采用同位素稀释的HRGC/HRMS法定量检测鱼体中17种2,3,7,8-氯取代的二噁(口英)(PCDD/Fs)和12种二噁(口英)多氯联苯(PCBs).方法参照美国EPA1613及EPA1668A方法,采用索式抽提和自动纯化系统(FMS)对鱼体中的PCDD/Fs及PCBs进行纯化和富集、用同位素稀释气相色谱与高分辨质谱联用-多离子检测方法检测.结果该方法可对样品中的PCDD/Fs及PCBs同系物进行有效分离,PCDD/Fs同位素标准物的回收率为83.83%～98.48%,PCBs同位素标准物的回收率为50.06%～90.56%.13种PCDD/Fs在鱼体中可检出,总毒性当量(TEQ)为0.86 pg/g,12种二噁(口英)PCBs在鱼体中均可检测出,总TEQ值为2.77pg/g.结论该方法可以同时对同一样品中的17种PCDD/Fs及12种二噁(口英)PCBs进行检测,检测效率高,结果准确可靠.     

海水鱼体中的二(口恶)英类化合物分析

目的对海水鱼体内二(口恶)英检测方法的研究.方法参照美国EPA1613方法,采用索式抽提和自动纯化系统等仪器对鱼体中的二(口恶)英组分进行纯化和富集、用同位素稀释气相色谱与高分辨质谱联用-多离子检测方法检测.结果该方法的检测限为0.001 pg/g～0.176 pg/g,仪器检测限为6.5fg～157.9fg,同位素标准物的回收率分布于70.81%～87.33%之间,17种2,3,7,8-氯取代的二(口恶)英类化合物在鱼体中均可检测出,总TEQ值为1.117 pg/g.结论本实验室方法可以准确检测样品中二(口恶)英类化合物,所检鱼体中含有二(口恶)英化合物,有必要做更多样品,对其污染情况做出评价.     

高分辨质谱法测定海鱼中二噁和多氯联苯

目的　采用同位素稀释的HRGC/HRMS法定量检测鱼体中 17种 2 ,3,7,8-氯取代的二 (PCDD/Fs)和 12种二多氯联苯 (PCBs)。方法　参照美国EPA16 13及EPA16 6 8A方法 ,采用索式抽提和自动纯化系统(FMS)对鱼体中的PCDD/Fs及PCBs进行纯化和富集、用同位素稀释气相色谱与高分辨质谱联用 -多离子检测方法检测。结果　该方法可对样品中的PCDD/Fs及PCBs同系物进行有效分离 ,PCDD/Fs同位素标准物的回收率为83 83%～ 98 4 8% ,PCBs同位素标准物的回收率为 5 0 0 6 %～ 90 5 6 %。 13种PCDD/Fs在鱼体中可检出 ,总毒性当量 (TEQ)为 0 86 pg/g ,12种二PCBs在鱼体中均可检测出 ,总TEQ值为 2 77pg/ g。结论　该方法可以同时对同一样品中的 17种PCDD/Fs及 12种二PCBs进行检测 ,检测效率高 ,结果准确可靠     

HRGC/HRMS定量检测市售牛奶中二噁(口英)和呋喃

目的采用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱联用仪(HRGC/HRMS)定量检测了牛奶中17个4～8个氯原子取代的二(口恶)(口英)和呋喃.方法样品中的二(口恶)(口英)经过液-液萃取、碳柱富集、色谱柱纯化、分离,以HRGC/HRMS-MID方法检测,用美国EPA1613方法进行严格的质量控制和同位素稀释的方法定量,该方法定量可精确到pg/g即ppt水平.结果该方法的检测限TCDF和TCDD分别为0.022 2pg/μl和0.031 7pg/μl,在17个PCDDs/PCDFs中,其检测限为最低.同位素标准物的回收率分布于58.46%～79.99%之间.1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF、1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF、2,3,7,8-TCDD均未检出,样品中17个同系物异构体以OCDF和OCDD的含量为最高,分别为0.065pg/g和0.202pg/g,样品的总TEQ值为0.033pg TEQ/g.结论采用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱联用仪和同位素稀释的方法对基质中的目标化合物二(口恶)(口英)进行检测,该法定性、定量准确,高灵敏度.     

高分辨质谱法测定海鱼中二噁英和多氯联苯

目的采用同位素稀释的HRGC／HRMS法定量检测鱼体中17种2，3，7，8-氯取代的二噁英(PCDD／R)和12种二噁英多氯联苯(PCBs)。方法参照美国EPA1613及EPA1668A方法，采用索式抽提和自动纯化系统(FMS)对鱼体中的PCDD／Fs及PCBs进行纯化和富集、用同位素稀释气相色谱与高分辨质谱联用一多离子检测方法检测。结果该方法可对样品中的PCDD／Fs及PCBs同系物进行有效分离，PCDD／Fs同位索标准物的回收率为83．83％～98．48％，PCBs同位素标准物的回收率为50．06％～90．56％。13种PCDD／Fs在鱼体中可检出，总毒性当量(TEQ)为0．86pg／g，12种二噁英PCBs在鱼体中均可检测出，总TEQ值为2．77pg／g。结论该方法可以同时对同一样品中的17种PCDD／Fs及12种二噁英PCBs进行检测，检测效率高，结果准确可靠。     

某市市售牛奶及其制品中二[口][恶]英类化合物污染水平

目的了解某市市售牛奶及其制品中二[口][恶]英类化合物污染情况。方法于2007年2-6月采集某市市售液体牛奶和奶粉（各5份），用高分辨气相色谱-高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱联用仪（HRGC-HRMS）定量检测样品中的二[口][恶]英及多氯联苯水平。采用索式抽提装置、FMS自动纯化系统对市售液体牛奶及奶粉样品中的二[口][恶]英（PCDD／Fs）及多氯联苯（PCBs）组分进行纯化和富集，采用同位素稀释法，以HRGC／HRMS联用仪检测。结果奶粉和液体牛奶的总TEQ[∑（PCDD／Fs＋PCBs）]平均值分别是0.43pg／g脂肪和3.83pg／g脂肪，中位数分别是0.34pg／g脂肪和2.04pg／g脂防。所有奶样的总TEQ[∑（PCDD／Fs＋PCBs）]均值是2.13pg／g脂肪，中位数是0.815pg／g脂肪。本次调查的所有样品的平均总TEQ[∑（PCDD／Fs＋PCBs）]远低于欧盟所设定的奶品二[口][恶]英类化合物的限量标准。受试样品中除了两种液体牛奶样品二[口][恶]英类化合物总TEQ超过欧盟限量标准外，其他液体牛奶和奶粉样品二嗯[口][恶]英及多氯联苯含量远低于欧盟的限量标准。但足，液体牛奶的平均二[口][恶]英浓度明显高于奶粉样品，结论本次采集的市售牛奶及其制品存在二[口][恶]英类化合物的污染。     

奶粉中二噁英类化合物的检测

目的　采用高分辨气相色谱 /高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱联用仪 (HRGC/HRMS)定量检测奶粉中二英类化合物。方法　采用索式抽提和自动纯化系统等仪器对奶粉样品中的二英组分进行纯化和富集 ,采用同位素稀释法 ,以HRGC/HRMS联用仪检测。结果　同位素标准物的回收率分布于 90 6%～ 116 3 %之间 ,CRM 5 3 4的检测结果均在标准值范围之内 ,3次实验结果的RSD <2 0 % ,该方法检测下限可达pg/g水平。 结论　该方法灵敏、定性、定量准确 ,为目前国际上权威机构认可的二英定量检测方法。     

陕西省动物源性食品中二口恶英类化合物污染调查分析

目的调查陕西省10个地市典型的动物源性食品中二口恶英类化合物的污染情况。方法于2017年4月采集具有代表性的食品(猪肉、牛肉、鱼肉、鸡蛋),采用高分辨气相色谱-高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱联用仪定量检测29种二口恶英类化合物的含量。结果 4种食品中鱼肉的毒性当量(toxic equivalent quantity,TEQ)最大,为0. 085 pg TEQ/g,猪肉、牛肉和鸡蛋中TEQ值分别为0. 049、0. 034和0. 040 pg TEQ/g。从地域分布来看,二口恶英含量较大的样品包括安康的鱼肉样品和汉中的猪肉样品,但均低于欧盟所规定该食品种类限值。结合膳食消费量,计算获得4种食品的每月总膳食摄入量为2. 01 pg TEQ/kg,远低于联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合委员会规定的每月耐受量70 pg TEQ/kg。结论陕西省10个地市居民由二口恶英类化合物摄入而导致的健康风险处于较低水平。     

2013年武汉市部分育龄期男性血清多氯联苯水平及其影响因素

目的 探讨武汉市部分育龄期男性血清多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs)水平及其影响因素。方法 依托于2013年在武汉市开展的环境污染物暴露与男性生殖健康损害关联的横断面研究,利用同位素稀释-高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定101名育龄期男性血清样本中12种二口恶英样多氯联苯(dioxins-like PCBs, dl-PCBs)和6种非二口恶英样多氯联苯(non-dioxin-like PCBs, ndl-PCBs)含量,采用多元线性回归模型分析育龄期男性血清dl-PCBs和ndl-PCBs水平的影响因素。结果 育龄期男性血清Σdl-PCBs的浓度范围为177.85～7271.48 pg/g脂肪,中位数为1530.71 pg/g脂肪,其中CB-118占比最高;Σndl-PCBs的浓度范围为1463.23～40 561.47 pg/g脂肪,中位数为5498.37 pg/g脂肪,其中CB-153占比最高。按毒性当量(toxic equivalent, TEQ)计,ΣTEQ_dl-PCBs含量范围为0.02～162.29 pg TEQ...     

高分辨气相色谱/高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱联用定量检测市售牛奶中的二噁英和呋喃

采用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱联用仪（HRGC/HRMS）定量检测了牛奶中17个4至8个氯原子取代的噁英和呋喃。样品中的二噁英经过液-液萃取、碳柱富集、色谱柱纯化、分离,以HRGC/HRMS-MID方法检测,用美国EPA1613方法进行严格的质量控制和同位素稀释的方法定量,该方法定量可精确到pg/g即ppt水平。结果表明,同位素标准物的回收率分布于58.46％～79.99％之间。1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF、1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF、2,3,7,8-TCDD均未检出,样品中17个同系物异构体以OCDF和OCDD的含量为最高,分别为0.065pg/g和 0.202pg/g,样品的总TEQ值为0.033pgTEQ/g。该方法定性、定量准确,为目前国际上权威认可的二噁英定量检测方法。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.