116例早产儿脑损伤的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的探讨早产儿脑损伤患儿的临床特点,并分析其发生的相关危险因素。方法选择2015年1月1日-2017年1月1日出生即在温州医科大学附属义乌医院新生儿重症监护室住院治疗的357例早产儿,收集并分析所有病例的临床特点及相关危险因素,采用颅脑B超和MRI检查诊断早产儿脑损伤,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨早产儿脑损伤影响因素。结果357例早产儿中检查出116例早产儿具有脑损伤,占32.4%,产妇患绒毛膜炎(OR=3.3,95%CI:1.582～6.885)、窒息复苏史(OR=3.342,95%CI:1.293～8.636)、新生儿败血症(OR=4.426,95%CI:2.159～9.075)及机械通气(OR=3.44,95%CI:1.488～7.956)为早产儿脑损伤的危险因素(P0.05)。胎龄分组(OR=0.189,95%CI:0.090～0.355)和产前使用糖皮质激素(OR=0.348,95%CI:0.202～0.598)为早产儿脑损伤的保护因素(P0.05)。结论胎龄越小、出生体质量越低,早产儿脑损伤发生率越高;产妇患绒毛膜炎、新生儿败血症、窒息复苏史及机械通气为早产儿脑损伤的危险因素,产前使用糖皮质激素是其保护因素。     

甘肃省新生儿死亡影响因素调查

目的探讨影响甘肃新生儿死亡的主要危险因素,为有效开展妇幼健康教育以及有针对性地制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法以2010-2012年甘肃5岁以下儿童死亡监测数据为基础,采用统一编制的调查问卷回顾性调查新生儿出生测量指标等相关情况,应用病例对照研究方法,通过单因素和多因素logistic回归筛选主要危险因素。结果影响因素分析显示,县级以下医疗机构分娩(OR=2.746;95%CI:1.898~3.975)、5 min Apgar评分≤7(OR=8.701;95%CI:3.276~23.111)、新生儿窒息(OR=5.057;95%CI:2.210~11.568)、早产(OR=2.055;95%CI:1.049~4.024)、新生儿并发症(OR=2.323;95%CI:1.591~3.393)为甘肃新生儿死亡的危险因素。结论甘肃基层医疗机构新生儿救治水平偏低,新生儿窒息、早产、并发症为导致其死亡的主要危险因素,相应的卫生干预措施应尽早制定并实施。     

产妇盆底功能状况及影响因素分析

目的了解产妇盆底功能状况及影响因素,为防治产妇盆底功能障碍提供依据。方法选取2018年8—10月在郑州大学第三附属医院分娩的产妇,收集其临床资料后进行42天常规妇科检查盆底功能状况,采用Logistic回归模型分析产妇盆底功能障碍发生的影响因素。结果共纳入产妇908例,盆底功能障碍200例,患病率为22.03%。年龄20～40岁,平均(36.03±2.39)岁。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,36～40岁(OR=3.425,95%CI:1.812～6.774)、小学学历(OR=1.923,95%CI:1.222～3.027)、产次2 (OR=2.527,95%CI:1.006～6.348)、孕期增重15 kg(OR=4.296,95%CI:1.248～14.788)、有盆腔手术史(OR=2.079,95%CI:1.080～4.002)、有孕期合并症(OR=2.592, 95%CI:1.170～5.744)、剖宫产(OR=4.982, 95%CI:2.751～9.023)、第二产程延长(OR=3.400, 95%CI:1.398～8.268)、新生儿体重4 kg (OR=2.269,95%CI:1.120～4.600)是产妇盆底功能障碍的危险因素;大专及以上学历(OR=0.723,95%CI:0.566～0.924)是保护因素(P0.05)。结论低学历、高龄、产次2、孕期增重15 kg、盆腔手术史、孕期合并症、剖宫产、第二产程延长、新生儿体重4 kg是产妇盆底功能障碍的危险因素。     

新生儿窒息流行病学调查及围产期高危因素分析

目的 探讨新生儿窒息发生的相关围产期高危因素,为制定预防与诊疗措施,降低新生儿窒息的发生率提供依据。方法 统计2018年1月1日—2022年12月31日期间淮南市某三甲医院的总分娩量以及妊娠结局为新生儿窒息的单胎活产新生儿,计算该院新生儿窒息发生率。以该时间段该院所有新生儿窒息的单胎活产新生儿为病例组,按照1∶4的比例选取其他分娩的非窒息单胎活产新生儿为对照组。通过该院电子病例系统采集围产期相关信息,采用单因素χ²检验和多因素logistic回归分析影响新生儿窒息发生的围产期相关高危因素。结果 2018年1月1日—2022年12月31日该院单胎活产新生儿24 214例,其中发生妊娠结局为新生儿窒息的为160例,新生儿窒息发生率为0.66%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,新生儿窒息与妊娠期贫血(OR=2.416,95%CI:1.331～4.383)、产检次数<5次(OR=2.646,95%CI:1.380～5.072)、胎儿宫内窘迫(OR=5.675,95%CI:2.531～12.724)、羊水性状异常(OR=2.206,95%CI:1.204～4....     

初产妇产后早期盆腔器官脱垂相关影响因素分析

目的:探讨不同因素对自然分娩初产妇产后早期盆腔器官脱垂(POP)的影响,为盆底功能障碍性疾病(PFD)的早期防治提供临床依据。方法:选取2015年2~10月在北京医院自然分娩并参加产后盆底功能检查的初产妇281例,分别在产后42~60d进行盆底功能评估和POP-Q评分,分析不同因素对产妇产后POP的影响。结果:自然分娩的初产妇产后发生POP 134例(47.7%),其中阴道前壁膨出79例(59.0%),阴道后壁膨出26例(19.4%),轻度子宫脱垂29例(21.6%)。多因素分析显示,1与孕期体重增加10kg的产妇相比,体重增加15~19.9kg的产妇产后早期POP的发生率显著升高(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.05~3.07);2与分娩时体重指数(BMI)18.5~24.0的产妇相比,BMI≥28的产妇产后发生POP的风险显著增加(OR=1.10,95%CI:1.02~2.14);3与第一产程3h相比,第一产程3~6h的产妇产后早期发生POP的风险降低(OR=0.09,95%CI:0.03~0.86),但第一产程时间12h时,产后POP的风险显著增加(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.05~2.45);4与第二产程时间≤1h相比,第二产程1h产后早期POP的风险显著增加(OR=1.72,95%CI:1.15~3.33)。结论:自然分娩的初产妇产后早期POP发生率高,与妊娠和生产相关的多种因素有关。应加强围产期盆底知识宣教和训练,做到早期防治,以减少远期PFD的发生。     

胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息的围产期高危因素调查研究

目的分析胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息的围产期相关因素,以期改善妊娠结局,提高新生儿生存质量。方法选取2013年1月-2015年10月该院接收的67例发生胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息的孕妇为观察组;另选取同期接收的874例未发生胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息的孕妇为对照组。对两组孕妇临床资料进行回顾性分析,采用单因素及Logistic回归多因素分析胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息的围产期相关因素。结果单因素分析结果提示:孕周、分娩史、分娩方式、胎膜早破、胎盘异常、羊水异常、24 h尿蛋白量、妊娠期高血压疾病、纤维蛋白原,胎儿出生体重、胎位异常、脐带异常是胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息的危险因素(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:阴道助产、胎膜早破、羊水异常、纤维蛋白原3 g/L、24 h尿蛋白≥3 g/24 h、出生体重≤2 500 g、脐带异常、胎位异常是胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息的危险因素(P0.05),其中OR值前3位为胎位异常(OR=21.262,95%CI=12.186~37.100,P=0.000)、阴道助产(OR=15.751,95%CI=7.113~34.881,P=0.000)、羊水异常(OR=12.575,95%CI=7.341~21.539,P=0.000)。结论对于有分娩史、产前较高舒张压、24 h尿蛋白偏高、纤维蛋白原偏低的重度子痫前期孕妇应该高度警惕,加强监护,做到早诊断早治疗。     

第二产程延长的原因及第二产程延长后新生儿窒息的高危因素研究

目的对于第二产程延长的原因及第二产程延长后新生儿窒息的高危因素进行研究。方法抽取2009年1月至2010年1月期间第二产程延长的产妇50例,对其相关资料进行了解分析。对影响新生儿窒息的相关因素以及不同分娩方式与其的关联情况进行分析。结果胎位异常、宫缩乏力、脐带异常、阴道异常以及分娩困难等均导致产妇的第二产程延长,而产妇的第二产程延长会导致新生儿出现新生儿窒息。结论第二产程延长的主要原因为脐带异常、宫缩乏力、胎位异常以及产道异常等,而导致第二产程延长后其新生儿窒息发生率升高的原因主要为胎儿窘迫、阴道助产以及脐带异常等。     

137例新生儿窒息相关产科因素临床分析

目的:探讨新生儿窒息的相关产科因素及防治措施。方法:分析该院2003年1月~2006年10月分娩新生儿中发生窒息的新生儿情况及产科相关因素。结果:新生儿窒息137例,发生率5.52%。新生儿窒息与胎位及产程异常、过期妊娠、脐带因素等密切相关。结论:应做好围产期保健,做好高危妊娠的胎儿监护,及时正确处理产程,避免滞产,缩短第二产程及选择适当的分娩方式,同时提高新生儿窒息复苏水平,以寻找出预防措施,降低新生儿窒息的发生率。     

新生儿手术部位感染相关危险因素研究

目的探讨新生儿术后发生手术部位感染的相关因素,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法对2012年6月-2016年5月新生儿病区所有手术患儿进行前瞻性队列研究,对手术部位感染的相关因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 2 366例新生儿发生手术部位感染62例,感染率为2.62%;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示10 min Apgar评分8~10分(OR=0.237,95%CI:0.084~0.668)是新生儿手术部位感染的保护因素,早产儿(OR=2.912,95%CI:1.103~5.435)、ASA评分超过Ⅲ级(OR=1.992,95%CI:1.174~3.379)、手术持续时间超过180 min(OR=2.837,95%CI:1.540~5.228)及留置引流管(OR=2.573,95%CI:1.401~4.724)是新生儿手术部位感染的危险因素。结论应针对上述危险因素采取相应的干预措施,加强高危患儿的围手术期的管理,降低新生儿术后手术部位感染的发生率。     

新生儿下呼吸道感染危险因素的病例对照研究

目的探讨新生儿发生下呼吸道感染的危险因素,为临床预防控制新生儿医院感染提供依据。方法采取回顾性调查的方法收集2012年1月—2013年1月入住某妇幼保健院新生儿科的105例下呼吸道感染新生儿的相关信息,并与同时期在该科室住院的无下呼吸道感染的105例新生儿对比,采用单因素和多因素logistics回归分析新生儿下呼吸道感染的危险因素。结果新生儿下呼吸道感染的发生与分娩方式(剖宫产OR=4.89,95%CI:1.60~14.91)、羊水浑浊(OR=4.83,95%CI:1.82~12.80)及侵入性治疗(OR=5.17,95%CI:2.12~12.63)有关。结论剖宫产、羊水浑浊及侵入性治疗是新生儿发生下呼吸道感染的危险因素,应针对这些因素采取相应的干预措施,加强呼吸道管理,降低新生儿下呼吸道感染发生率。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.