lncRNA ANRIL和VEGF在原因不明复发性流产绒毛中表达

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)细胞周期激酶抑制因子4基因座中反义非编码RNA(ANRIL)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在原因不明复发性流产(URSA)患者绒毛中的表达。方法:选取2017年8月-2019年6月在本院就诊的URSA患者62例(观察组),同期行人工流产术的正常早孕者62例(对照组)。观察组行清宫手术、对照组行人工流产术时采集新鲜胎盘绒毛组织,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法检测绒毛组织中lncRNA ANRIL、VEGF mRNA表达水平;Pearson法分析URSA患者绒毛组织中lncRNA ANRIL和VEGF mRNA表达水平的相关性;采用多因素logistic回归分析影响URSA发生的因素。结果:观察组绒毛组织中lncRNA ANRIL(0.74±0.20)、VEGF mRNA(0.30±0.09)表达水平均低于对照组(1.00±0.25、1.00±0.18)(P<0.05),lncRNA ANRIL与VEGF mRNA表达水平呈显著正相关(r=0.484,P<0.05),lncRNA ANRIL、VEGF mRNA表达水平均为影响URSA发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:URSA患者绒毛组织中lncRNA ANRIL和VEGF表达水平均显著下调且密切相关,可能共同影响疾病发生。     

PTEN在体外受精-胚胎移植胎盘及胚胎组织中的表达及意义

目的:研究体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)对早期胎盘绒毛和胚胎组织中第10号染色体上缺失的磷酸和张力蛋白同源基因(PTEN)和蛋白表达的影响。方法:收集8例IVF-ET患者胚胎移植后30~45 d行减胎术的胎盘绒毛组织和胚胎组织作为IVF-ET组,10例自然妊娠行人工流产患者的早期胎盘绒毛组织和胚胎组织为对照组。采用免疫组织化学方法和实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(q RT-PCR)方法检测组织中PTEN蛋白和mRNA的表达及分布差异。结果:PTEN蛋白表达于胎盘绒毛细胞滋养层细胞和合体滋养层细胞的细胞膜和细胞质,广泛表达于胚胎各个胚层。IVF-ET组胎盘绒毛组织中PTEN蛋白表达量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.325,P=0.027);PTEN蛋白在2组患者胚胎组织中表达量差异无统计学意义(P=0.288)。PTEN mRNA在IVF-ET组胎盘绒毛组织中表达量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.512,P=0.017),在2组患者胚胎组织中表达量比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.371),与免疫组织化学结果一致。结论:IVF-ET技术的体外操作可能影响胎盘组织PTEN基因和蛋白的表达,但未显著影响早期胚胎组织的PTEN表达,其潜在意义有待进一步研究。     

PTEN在体外受精-胚胎移植胎盘及胚胎组织中的表达及意义

目的：研究体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）对早期胎盘绒毛和胚胎组织中第10号染色体上缺失的磷酸和张力蛋白同源基因（PTEN）和蛋白表达的影响。方法：收集8例IVF-ET患者胚胎移植后30～45 d行减胎术的胎盘绒毛组织和胚胎组织作为IVF-ET组，10例自然妊娠行人工流产患者的早期胎盘绒毛组织和胚胎组织为对照组。采用免疫组织化学方法和实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）方法检测组织中PTEN蛋白和mRNA的表达及分布差异。结果：PTEN蛋白表达于胎盘绒毛细胞滋养层细胞和合体滋养层细胞的细胞膜和细胞质，广泛表达于胚胎各个胚层。IVF-ET组胎盘绒毛组织中PTEN蛋白表达量低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（t=2.325，P=0.027）；PTEN蛋白在2组患者胚胎组织中表达量差异无统计学意义（P=0.288）。PTEN mRNA在IVF-ET组胎盘绒毛组织中表达量低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（t=2.512，P=0.017），在2组患者胚胎组织中表达量比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.371），与免疫组织化学结果一致。结论：IVF-ET技术的体外操作可能影响胎盘组织PTEN基因和蛋白的表达，但未显著影响早期胚胎组织的PTEN表达，其潜在意义有待进一步研究。     

原因不明复发性流产患者血清IL-35含量与绒毛组织中凋亡、侵袭、血管新生分子的相关性研究

目的研究URSA患者血清IL-35含量与绒毛组织中凋亡、侵袭、血管新生分子的相关性。方法选择2015年3月-2018年在本院诊断为URSA的患者作为研究组,另选取同期要求人工流产的正常妊娠者70例作为对照组。测定血清IL-35含量以及绒毛组织中凋亡、侵袭、血管新生分子的表达量。结果 URSA组患者血清中IL-35的含量明显低于对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);URSA组患者绒毛组织中Bcl-2、Survivin、Livin、MMP2、MMP9、HIF-1α、VEGF、VEGFR2、TGF-β1的mRNA表达量明显低于对照组且与血清IL-35呈正相关(P0.05),Bax、Smac、TIMP1、TIMP2的mRNA表达量明显高于对照组且与血清IL-35呈负相关(P0.05);绒毛组织中VEGFR1的mRNA表达量与对照组比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论 URSA患者血清中IL-35的减少与绒毛组织中细胞凋亡过度、侵袭及血管新生不足有关。     

燃煤污染型砷中毒人群MGMT基因甲基化、转录及表达的研究

目的了解O6-甲基鸟嘌呤DNA甲基转移酶基因(MGMT基因)启动子区甲基化、转录及表达以及DNA甲基转移酶1(DNMT1)的转录及表达与砷中毒的关系。方法采集68例燃煤污染型砷中毒(以下简称砷中毒)患者(轻度24例、中度28例、重度16例)及23例非病区居民外周血。用甲基化特异性PCR法(MSP)检测MGMT基因启动子区甲基化,实时荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)法检测MGMT及DNMT1 mRNA的水平。利用自愿手术治疗的砷中毒患者皮肤组织标本(61例,其中34例为一般病变,21例为癌前病变,6例为癌变)和对照皮肤组织标本(15例),以免疫组织化学(IHC)法检测砷中毒患者及对照皮肤组织中MGMT及DNMT1蛋白的表达。结果 MGMT基因启动子区甲基化阳性率与砷中毒程度有关(χ2=13.739,P0.01)。砷中毒组MGMT mRNA表达水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);MGMT基因启动子区甲基化患者和非甲基化患者之间MGMT mRNA和DNMT1 mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但轻、中度患者DNMT1 mRNA表达明显低于对照组(P0.01);癌前病变组和癌变组皮肤组织中MGMT蛋白表达明显低于对照组(P0.01),与皮肤损害程度有关(rs=-0.446,P0.01);MGMT基因启动子区甲基化患者MGMT蛋白表达明显低于非甲基化组(P0.05)。砷中毒组皮肤组织中DNMT1蛋白表达强于对照组(P0.01),并与皮肤损害程度有关(rs=0.740,P0.01);且MGMT基因启动子区甲基化患者组织中DNMT1蛋白表达明显高于非甲基化组(P0.05)。结论 MGMT基因启动子区高甲基化抑制了燃煤污染型砷中毒患者皮肤组织中MGMT蛋白的表达,且DNMT1蛋白的高表达参与了此抑制过程。     

HLA-G mRNA在原因不明复发性流产患者绒毛中的表达

目的 探讨人类白细胞抗原G mRNA在原因不明复发性流产患者绒毛中的表达和临床意义.方法 采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链技术分别检测30例正常妊娠人工流产患者、24例单次自然流产患者、28例原因不明复发性流产患者绒毛中人类白细胞抗原G mRNA的表达水平,用聚合酶链反应循环阈值(Ct值)表示其表达水平.结果 3组人类白细胞抗原G mRNA的表达水平由高到低依次为:正常妊娠人工流产组、单次自然流产组、原因不明复发性流产组.原因不明复发性流产组、单次自然流产组分别与正常妊娠人工流产组人类白细胞抗原G mRNA表达水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(原因不明复发性流产组:t=9.681,P<0.001;单次自然流产组:t=8.890,P<0.001).结论 人类白细胞抗原G mRNA的表达水平与维持妊娠有一定的关联.     

遗传印记基因PEG10在子痫前期患者胎盘组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨遗传印记基因 PEG10在子痫前期（PE）患者胎盘组织中的表达及意义.方法 选取2010年8月至2012年6月在上海市第一人民医院宝山分院妇产科住院分娩的22例PE患者的临床病历资料为研究对象,并纳入研究组,选取同期在本院行择期剖宫产分娩的正常足月妊娠孕妇22例纳入对照组.2组受试者的年龄,孕龄,孕、产次等一般临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.采用荧光实时定量逆转录聚合酶反应（RT FQ-PCR）及免疫组织化学方法检测2组受试者胎盘组织中PEG10 mRNA及蛋白的表达与分布（本研究遵循的程序符合上海市第一人民医院宝山分院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书）.结果 PEG10 mRNA及蛋白在研究组和对照组胎盘组织中均有表达（0.5832±0.0450 vs.0.1943±0.0350,0.1258±0.0860 vs.0.0572±0.0050）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=6.8266,P〈0.001;t=2.4296,P〈0.01,P〈0.05）.结论 PEG10基因上调可能是早期PE表现的分子标志之一.     

调节趋化因子CXCL12、CCL2、RANTES及其受体表达对自然流产模型小鼠妊娠结局的影响

目的:观察选择性改变母胎界面趋化因子CXCL12、CCL2、RANTES及其受体CXCR4、CCR2、CCR5的表达对自然流产模型小鼠妊娠结局的影响,探讨免疫学改造在不明原因复发性流产(URSA)治疗中的可行性.方法:选择经典模型动物建立正常妊娠与URSA小鼠模型,正常妊娠小鼠为对照组(10例),URSA小鼠随机分为5组:未干预组(10例)、CXCL12干预组(10例)、CCR2拮抗剂干预组(10例)、CCR5拮抗剂干预组(10例)和CXCL12+CCR2拮抗剂+CCR5拮抗剂联合干预组(10例).Western Blot方法检测各组小鼠绒毛和蜕膜组织中趋化因子及其受体CXCL12/CXCR4、CCL2/CCR2、RANTES/CCR5蛋白的表达;同时观察各组小鼠胚胎丢失的情况,计算胚胎丢失率.结果:①URSA小鼠未干预组绒毛和蜕膜组织中CXCL12/CXCR4蛋白的表达显著低于正常妊娠对照组,而CCL2/CCR2和RAN]ES/CCR5蛋白的表达均显著高于正常妊娠对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).URSA小鼠CXCL12干预组绒毛和蜕膜组织中CXCL12/CXCR4蛋白的表达显著高于未干预组(P＜o.05);但仍低于正常妊娠对照组(P＜0.05).URSA小鼠CCR2拮抗剂干预组绒毛和蜕膜组织中CCL2/CCR2蛋白的表达显著低于未干预组(P＜0.05),但仍高于正常妊娠对照组(P＜0.05).URSA小鼠CCR5拮抗剂干预组绒毛和蜕膜组织中RANTES/CCR5蛋白的表达显著低于未干预组(P＜0.05),但仍高于正常妊娠对照组(P＜0.05).URSA小鼠CXCL12+CCR2拮抗剂+CCR5拮抗剂联合干预组绒毛和蜕膜组织中CXCL12/CXCR4蛋白的表达显著高于未干预组(P＜0.05);但仍低于正常妊娠对照组(P＜0.05);CCL2/CCR2和RANTES/CCR5蛋白的表达均显著低于未干预组(P＜0.05),但仍高于正常妊娠对照组(P＜0.05).②UR-SA小鼠未干预组的胚胎吸收率显著高于正常妊娠对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).URSA小鼠CXCL12干预组、CCR2拮抗剂干预组、CCR5拮抗剂干预组和CXCL12+ CCR2拮抗剂+CCR5拮抗剂联合干预组的胚胎吸收率均低于未干预组(P均＜0.05),其中联合干预组下降更为显著(P＜0.05),但仍高于正常妊娠对照组(P＜0.05).结论:可以通过选择性诱导母胎界面CXCL12/CXCR4蛋白高表达、CCL2/CCR2和RANTES/CCR5蛋白低表达改善URSA小鼠妊娠结局.     

子痫前期患者与正常妊娠胎盘中HLA-G的差异表达研究

目的 探讨人类白细胞相关抗原G(HLA-G)在子痫前期患者与正常妊娠胎盘组织中的表达差异.方法 选取24例子痫前期患者胎盘组织(实验组)及15例正常早期妊娠人工流产绒毛组织(对照组),应用RT-PCR及Western蛋白印迹技术检测两组间HLA-G蛋白的表达差异.结果 子痫前期患者胎盘组织中HLA-G基因及蛋白表达均显著低于正常流产组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).q结论 HLA-G在胎盘组织中的低表达可能与子痫前期的发生有关.     

复发性流产患者TLR4、NF-κB p65的表达及意义

目的:研究复发性流产患者和正常人工流产妇女绒毛组织中TLR4和NF-κB p65的表达差异及二者是否存在相关性.方法:选择2011年5～1l月在解放军第202医院妇产科门诊、年龄25～35周岁、孕龄＜12周、≥3次自然流产的RSA患者30例作为实验组,有过正常生育史、要求人工流产终止妊娠的健康早孕妇女30例作为对照组.应用免疫组织化学法检测两组绒毛中TLR4和NF-κB p65的表达,采用RT-PCR法检测两组绒毛组织中TLR4和NF-κB p65 mRNA的表达.结果:与对照组比较,实验组HE染色的病理观察绒毛组织结构不清晰,可见结构缺损、水肿、变性以及炎性细胞浸润,滋养细胞亦见变性、坏死及明显增生;TLR4和NF-κBp65的蛋白及mRNA的表达均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:TLR4、NF-κBp65在妊娠的绒毛组织中蛋白和mRNA表达水平显著升高,可能预示TLR4-NF-κB信号传导通路与RSA发生密切相关,其机制有待于进一步研究.     

Salmonellas in pigs and animal feeding stuffs in England and Wales and in Denmark

A comparison has been made between the incidence of salmonellas in pigs and feeding stuffs in England and Wales and in Denmark. In Denmark there is veterinary legislation requiring the sterilization of imported and home produced feed ingredients of animal origin. There is no such legislation in England and Wales. In Denmark 0·3% of resterilized imported meat and bone meal was contaminated with salmonellas. This compared with 23% of meat and bone meal in England and Wales and 20-27% of other ingredients of animal origin. In England and Wales salmonellas were isolated from 7% of caecal samples and 6% of lymph node samples, while in Denmark they were isolated from 3% of caecal samples and 4% of lymph node samples. In England and Wales 25 serotypes were found in both pigs and feeds and these included nearly all the most prevalent human pathogens. In Denmark four of the six serotypes in pigs had been found in resterilized feed. One notable difference between the two studies was the very wide range of serotypes found in pigs in England and Wales and the narrow range in Denmark. A second was that Salmonella typhimurium formed 15% of all Salmonella strains isolated from pigs in England and Wales, and 60% of those in Denmark.     

Lunasin is prevalent in barley and is bioavailable and bioactive in in vivo and in vitro studies

Lunasin, a unique 43-amino acid peptide found in a number of seeds, has been shown to be chemopreventive in mammalian cells and in a skin cancer mouse model. To elucidate the role of cereals in cancer prevention, we report here the prevalence, bioavailability, and bioactivity of lunasin from barley. Lunasin is present in all cultivars of barley analyzed. The liver and kidney of rats fed with lunasin-enriched barley (LEB) show the presence of lunasin in Western blot. Lunasin extracted from the kidney and liver inhibits the activities of HATs (histone acetyl transferases), yGCN5 by 20% and 18% at 100 nM, and PCAF activity by 25% and 24% at 100 nM, confirming that the peptide is intact and bioactive. Purified barley lunasin localizes in the nuclei of NIH 3T3 cells. Barley lunasin added to NIH 3T3 cells in the presence of the chemical carcinogen MCA activates the expression of tumor suppressors p21 and p15 by 45% and 47%, decreases cyclin D1 by 98%, and inhibits Rb hyperphosphorylation by 45% compared with the MCA treatment alone. We conclude that lunasin is prevalent in barley, bioavailable, and bioactive and that consumption of barley could play an important role of cancer prevention in barley-consuming populations.     

Prevalence and Trends in Overweight in Mexican-American Adults and Children

Overweight and obesity have been increasing in many countries. Our objective is to describe the trends in overweight and obesity occurring in the Mexican-American population in the United States. Data on measured height and weight for Mexican Americans come from the following surveys: the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES, 1982–84), the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–94), and NHANES 1999–2002. In 1999–2002, 73% of Mexican-American adults were overweight and 33% were obese. Obesity increased between NHANES III and NHANES 1999–2002, from 24% to 27% for men and from 35% to 38% for women. Increases were also seen for children and adolescents. The Mexican-American population in the United States, both children and adults, is showing trends in overweight and obesity over time that are similar to those seen in other segments of the U.S. population and indeed in many countries     

Lead and cadmium in soil and Isopoda woodlice in Croatia

The aim of the study was to determine lead and cadmium concentrations in Isopoda woodlice and soil and to estimate their relation in the environment and the possibility of the use of isopods as biological indicators of pollution. Samples of isopods and soil were collected at two locations in Northern Croatia and analyzed for lead and cadmium. One location was in the forest, and another in the meadow near the road. Isopods were dry- ashed and soil was extracted with nitric acid. Elements were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results revealed that the two locations were significantly different in lead and cadmium in extracted soil and isopods. Lead concentration in extracted soil was 34.6 mg/kg dry weight in the forest and 43.3 mg/kg dry weight in the meadow near the road. Respective cadmium values were 0.147 and 0.180 mg/kg. Lead concentrations in isopods were 2.40 and 4.22 mg/kg dry weights, and cadmium 0.757 and 0.411 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Correlation of lead or cadmium between isopods and soil irrespective of location gave significant and linear relations for both elements.     

环孢素A及其在产科和生殖领域应用的研究

环孢素A(Cyclosporin A,CsA)是一种大环内酯类免疫抑制剂,广泛应用于器官移植后排斥反应和自身免疫性疾病的防治.近年对CsA在产科和生殖领域的应用展开了一系列研究,CsA不仅能从多方面诱导母胎免疫耐受,还能促进滋养细胞增殖、抑制凋亡,增强其运动、迁移和侵袭能力,从而对妊娠起到双重调节作用,有望成为原因不明...     

Management of pregnancy and childbirth in England and Wales and in France

This paper reviews national data on obstetric and neonatal practices in England and Wales, and in France between 1970 and 1980. The data have been derived from national statistics and surveys on national samples of births in 1970, 1975 and 1980 in England and Wales, and 1972, 1976 and 1981 in France. The analysis shows that there was no major difference in pregnancy outcome, but wide variations in medical practices, and their trend over time. The main differences were: in England and Wales a higher number of antenatal visits, a higher percentage of inpatient admissions during pregnancy, a higher rate of induction, more episiotomies, a higher rate of resuscitation at birth, and admission to neonatal special care units; in France, a higher rate of caesarean sections before and during labour, some evidence of a more active management of labour, and a longer hospital post-natal stay. These differences in practice reflect differences in objectives and assessment of the effectiveness of care between the two countries: they point out the need for better monitoring and evaluation of obstetric and neonatal practices.     

Research and teaching in social and preventive medicine and in public health

Summary Both public health and social and preventive medicine are characterised by the common goal of promoting, maintaining and improving health and preventing disease, and both are concerned with a population-related, preventive and environmental perspective. But whereas public health is interdisciplinary and goes far beyond the medical focus, social and preventive medicine is medically based and forms a bridge between public health and medical practice. Research in a department of social and preventive medicine serves to support preventive and medico-social activities in medical practice as well as in public health. This is illustrated by results from research conducted at the author's department during the last twenty years. Examples are research in support of smoking cessation activities, and research used for the planning of care for the elderly. Both the research and the teaching activities of the department take into account the population focus of public health as well as the focus on individual medicine in clinical practice.

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Forschung und Lehre in Sozial-und Präventivmedizin und öffentlicher Gesundheit

Zusammenfassung Sowohl das Gebiet der öffentlichen Gesundheit als auch dasjenige der Sozial-und Präventivmedizin sind durch das Ziel der Förderung, Erhaltung und Verbesserung der Gesundheit sowie der Krankheitsvorbeugung gekennzeichnet, und beide beschäftigen sich mit einer bevölkerungsbezogenen, präventiven und umweltbezogenen Perspektive. Aber während die öffentliche Gesundheit stark interdisziplinär ist und weit über den medizinischen Fokus hinausreicht, ist die Sozial-und Präventivmedizin ein medizinisches Fach und stellt eine Brücke zwischen der öffentlichen Gesundheit und der ärztlichen Praxis dar. Die Forschung in einem Institut für Sozial-und Präventivmedizin dient der Förderung präventiver und sozialmedizinischer Tätigkeiten in der ärztlichen Praxis wie auch in der öffentlichen Gesundheit. Dies wird durch die Forschungstätigkeit des Instituts des Autors aus den letzten 20 Jahren illustriert, wobei Beispiele aus den Gebieten der Förderung der Raucherentwöhnung und der Betreuung behinderter Betagter dargestellt werden. Sowohl in den Forschungs-als auch in den Lehrtätigkeiten des Instituts finden der Bevölkerungsbezug der öffentlichen Gesundheit wie auch der individualmedizinische Ansatz der ärztlichen Praxis ihren Ausdruck.

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La recherche et l'ensignement en médecine sociale et préventive et en santé publique

Résumé La santé publique aussi bien que la médecine sociale et préventive sont caractérisées par le but commun de promouvoir, maintenir et améliorer l'état de santé et de prévenir les maladies, et elles s'orientent vers une perspective de population, de prévention et environnementale. Mais la santé publique est interdisciplinaire et va loin au-delà de la médecine, tandis que la médecine sociale et préventive est basée sur la médecine et représente le lien entre la santé publique et la pratique médicale. La recherche d'un institut de médecine sociale et préventive sert à appuyer les activités préventives et médico-sociales au cabinet médical aussi bien qu'en santé publique. Cela est illustré par des résultats de recherches conduites dans les vingt années passées à l'institut de l'auteur, et les exemples sont tirés de la recherche en appui de la promotion de la cessation de fumée et de la planification de la prise en charge des personnes âgées et handicapées. Les activités de recherche et de l'enseignement de l'institut tiennent compte de la perspective de population cacactéristique de la santé publique, aussi bien que de la dimension de médecine individuelle caractéristique de la pratique clinique.

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Paper presented at a symposium on The Public Health Perspective of Social and Preventive Medicine, in celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, 25 June 1992 in Berne.